362 



UMBELLIFER^E. CXXXV. TORILIS. 



on long peduncles, of from 3 to 5 or 7 rather close rays ; involucra 

 wanting or of one leaf, which, like the leaves of the involucels, 

 which are numerous, is lanceolate and acute ; prickles exceeding 

 the breadth of the fruit. . H. Native of Europe, in fields, 

 and by way sides ; plentiful in Britain in like situations. T. 

 Helvetica, Gmel. fl. bad. 1. p. 617. D. C. prod. 4. p. 219. 

 Caucalis Helvetica, Jacq. hort. vind. 3. t. 16. Caucalis arv6n- 

 sis, Huds. aug. 113. Caucalis infesta, Curt. fl. lond. fasc. 6. t. 

 23. Smith, engl. bot. 1314. Scandix infesta, Lin. syst. nat. ed. 

 12, vol. 2. p. 732. Caucalis segetum, Thuill. par. ed. 2. p. 136. 

 Caucalis aspera /3, Lam. diet. 1. p. 656. Caucalis humilis, Riv. 

 pent. irr. t. 33. Hall. hist. 1. p. 325. no. 742. Flowers cream- 

 coloured or pure white. A very distinct species, well marked 

 by the deficiency of the involucra, and by the spreading branches. 



Var. a, divaricnta (D. C. prod. 4. p. 219.) stem branched, 

 divaricate. 0. H. 



Var. /3, anthriscoides (D. C. prod. 4. p. 219.) stem sparingly 

 branched, or almost simple, tall ; branches erect. O- H. This 

 appears to be a variety intermediate between T. infesta and T. 

 anthriscus, and is probably the T. Anthriscus, Spreug. exclusive 

 of the synonymes. 



Var. fi, purpurea (D. C. 1. c.) leaflets hardly elongated. . 

 H. Native of the south of Europe. Torilis purpurea, Ten. 

 append. 4. p. 12. Guss. prod. fl. sic. 1. p. 325. In the speci- 

 mens examined of this variety, the flowers are white, and the 

 prickles of the fruit are more or less coloured. Perhaps a pro- 

 per species. 



Troublesome or Spreading Hedge-parsley. Fl. July. Britain. 

 PL | to 1^ foot. 



5 T. HETEROPHY'LLA (Guss. prod.fl. sic. 1. p. 326.) stem erect, 

 sparingly branched: segments of leaves linear-lanceolate, cut; 

 outer or terminal one not elongated : upper ones linear, entire ; 

 umbels on long peduncles of 2-3 rays ; involucra almost want- 

 ing; prickles equal in length to the breadth of the fruit. O- H. 

 Native of Sicily, Corsica, and south of France. Caucalis lineari- 

 folia, Requien, in litt. 1815, The fruit in this species is very 

 variable in form and size, as in T. nodosa. 



Variable-leaved Hedge-parsley. Fl. June, July. PI. 1 foot. 



6 T. AFRICA'NA (Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 486.) umbels 

 on long peduncles, bifid ; involucrum wanting ; prickles shorter 

 than the breadth of the fruit. Q. H. Native of the Cape of 

 Good Hope. Caucalis Cap6nsis, Lam. diet. 1. p. 651. C. Afri- 

 cana, Thunb. fl. cap. p. 256. Athamantha Capensis, Burm. fl. 

 cap. prod. 7. Habit of C. Anthriscus. 



African Hedge-parsley. PI. 1^-foot. 



7 T. CHLOROCA'RPA (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 898.) stem branched, 

 rather puberulous ; leaves bipinnate ; leaflets or segments lan- 

 ceolate, pinnatifidly serrated ; umbels on long peduncles, 7-8- 

 rayed ; involucra usually of only one leaf; bristles coloured, 

 rather soft, scabrous, glochidate at the apex, rather longer than 

 the diameter of the fruit. O- H. Native of the Canary 

 Islands. 



Green-fruited Hedge-parsley. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 



8 T. NODOSA (Gsertn. fruct. 1. p. 82. t. 20. f. 6.) umbels 

 nearly sessile, glomerate, lateral, simple ; stems prostrate ; in- 

 volucra of several linear hairy leaves ; the outer mericarps of 

 each external fruit thickly clothed with long, straight, pale, 

 rough bristles, minutely hooked at the tops ; the inner, as well 

 as the interior fruits covered with dense, whitish, shining, tuber- 

 cular granulations. O- H. Native of Europe and the Levant, 

 on banks, and about the borders of fields ; most plentiful in a 

 gravelly or chalky soil ; plentiful in Britain. The plant is also 

 to be met with in Chili and Peru, but has probably been trans- 

 ported thither. Caucalis nodosa, Huds. angl. 114. Smith, engl. 

 bot. t. 199. but not of All. Tordylium nodosum, Lin. spec. 346. 

 Jacq. aust. append, t. 24. Caucalis nodiflora, Lam. diet. 1. p. 



656. Riv. pent. irr. t. 36. Mor. oxon. sect. 9. t. 14. f. 10. 

 Stem rough from reflexed bristles. Leaves a deep glaucous 

 green, hairy, bipinnate, and sharply cut, with very narrow toler- 

 ably uniform segments. Petals white or reddish, hardly at all 

 radiating or unequal. This plant is very different from Chcero- 

 phyllum nodosum, of which it is said to be a synonyme by 

 Sprengel in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 485. The Caucalis Hispanica, 

 Lam. 1. p. 658. appears to be referrible to this from the descrip- 

 tion ; and Caucalis lappulacea, Pceppig. diar. no. 356. pi. exsic. 

 p. 96. does not differ from this. 



Knotted Hedge-parsley. Fl. May, June. Brit. PI. prostrate. 



9 T. JAPONICA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 219.) stem smoothish, terete, 

 branched ; leaves pubescent, bipinnate ; leaflets oblong, pinna- 

 tifid; umbels pedunculate, axillary, and terminal, 5-7-rayed ; 

 involucra and involucels of a few short subulate leaves ; meri- 

 carps oblong; bristles of fruit stiff, hooked at the apex. O- H. 

 Native of Japan. Caucalis Japonica, Houtt. pfl. syst. 8. p. 42. 

 t. 45. f. 1. Upper branches and rays of umbel angular, beset 

 with upright hairs. 



Japan Hedge-parsley. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 



10 T. SCA'BRA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 219.) stem smoothish, terete, 

 branched ; leaves pubescent, pinnate ; leaflets oblong, pinnatifid, 

 much acuminated ; umbels terminal, and opposite the leaves, 

 5-7-rayed, sometimes without an involucrum ; leaves of invo- 

 lucels subulate ; mericarps oblong, covered with stiff bristles, 

 which are hooked at the apex. Native of Japan. Chaerophyl- 

 lum scabrum, Thunb. fl. jap. 119. 



Scabrous Hedge-parsley. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 



11 T. TUBERCULA'TA (Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 486.) 

 plant glabrous ; branches twiggy ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets 

 linear, quite entire ; involucra and involucels wanting ; hairs of 

 fruit hardly hooked. Native of Syria. Caucalis tuberculata, 

 Poir. suppl. 2. p. 137. Styles tubercular at the base; hence the 

 name. Fruit the size of that of T. microcdrpa. 



Tubercular-fruited Hedge-parsley. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. 

 PI. 1 foot. 



12 T. ELA'TA ; hispid, erect, branched ; involucrum of many 

 leaves ; fruit ovate, very hispid from stiff bristles ; leaves supra- 

 decompound ; leaflets lanceolate, deeply pinnatifid : outer ones 

 elongated. . H. Native of Nipaul, on the mountains. Cau- 

 calis elata, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 183. Caucalis coniifolia, 

 Wall. cat. mss. Umbels of 8-10 rays. Involucrum of 6-8 

 linear-subulate leaves. 



Tall Hedge-parsley. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 



SECT. II. TRICHOCARP^A (from 0p< rpxC> l^rix trichos, a 

 hair, and rapTroc, karpos, a fruit ; in allusion to the fruit being 

 covered with long soft hairs). D. C. 'prod. 4. p. 220. Fruit 

 covered with very long, soft, setaceous, crowded, spreading, 

 coloured hairs, which are not hooked at the apex. 



13 T. TRICHOSPE'RMA (Spreng. umb. spec. 142.) stem nearly 

 erect ; branches smoothish ; leaves bipinnate, rough from ad- 

 pressed hairs ; leaflets pinnatifid, acute ; umbels on long pe- 

 duncles, 3-6-rayed ; involucrum wanting ; involucels of 2-3- 

 subulate leaves. 0. H. Native of Egypt, ex Lin. ; and of 

 Syria, at Tripoli. Scandix trichosperma, Lin. mant. 57. Chae- 

 rophyllum trichospermum, Lam. diet. 1. p. 685. but not of 

 Schultes. Anthriscus trichosperma, Pers. ench. 1. p. 685. but 

 not of Schultes. Bristles of fruit painted with rufous or violet 

 colour. 



Hair-seeded Hedge-parsley. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. 

 PL 1 foot. 



Cult. Sow the seeds in the open ground. 



Tribe XV. 

 SCANDICI'NE.3i (this tribe contains plants agreeing with 



