UMBELLIFERjE. CXLVIII. ANISOSCIADIUM. CXLIX. ECHINOPHORA. CL. EXOACANTHA. 



371 



involucels numerous, cuneiform, trifid. Flowers equal, herma- 

 phrodite, white. 



1 O. ORIENTA'LIS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 234.) O. H. Native 

 about Bagdad, on the banks of the Euphrates, where it was 

 detected by Olivier and Bruguiere. Oliveria decumbens, Vent, 

 hort. eels. t. 21. Stems white, decumbent in Ventenat's figure, 

 but stiff and erect in the spontaneous specimens. Lower and 

 floral leaves clothed with soft velvety villi. 



Eastern Oliveria. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1816. PI. 1 foot. 



Cult. The seeds of this plant only require to be sown in the 

 open border in spring or autumn, in a warm sheltered situation. 



CXLVIII. ANISOSCIA'DIUM (from a*7o c , anisos, un- 

 equal, and ymaStov, sciadion, an umbel ; in reference to the 

 lobes of the calyx and petals being unequal in the outer and 

 inner flowers of the umbel). D. C. coll. mem. v. p. 63. t. 15. 

 prod. 4. p. 234. 



LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Lobes of calyx in the outer 

 flowers of the umbels, large, ovate, and foliaceous ; in the outer 

 central flowers stiff, hooked, and mucrone-formed ; in the inner 

 ones all wanting or tooth-formed. Petals very unequal, outer 

 ones large, obcordately bifid ; inner ones small. Fruit rather 

 pubescent, oblong-cylindrical, crowned by the calyx, and 2 stiff 

 conical erect styles. Mericarps semi-terete, one of which is 

 usually abortive ; ribs 5, very blunt ; vittse one in each furrow, 

 brown, but none in the commissure. Albumen involute. An 

 herb, native of the Levant. Root simple. Stems diffuse, stiff, 

 dichotomously branched, puberulous when examined by a lens. 

 Leaves petiolate, pinnate ; leaflets deeply pinnatifid : lobules 

 short, hardly acute. Branches opposite the leaves. Involucra 

 of 4-5 leaves, which are unequal, oblong, acute, and at length 

 rather spinescent. Rays of umbel 4-5, stiff, a little longer than 

 the involucrum. Leaves of involucels 4-5, oval, spreading, per- 

 manent, unequal. Flowers white, 7-10, sessile, stiff. 



1 A. ORIENTA'LE (D. C. 1. c. t. 15.) . H. Native of the 

 Levant, between Bagdad and Aleppo, where it was collected by 

 Olivier and Bruguiere. 



Eastern Anisosciadium. PI. spreading. 



Cult. See Oliveria above for culture and propagation. 



CXLIX. ECHINO'PHORA (from i^vas, echinos, a hedge- 

 hog, and 0fp<.i, phero, to bear ; in allusion to the strong stiff 

 spines of the .involucrum). Tourn. inst. 656. t. 423. Lin. gen. 

 no. 329. Lam. ill. t. 190. Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 106. Koch, umb. 

 135. D. C. coll. mem. v. p. 64. t. 16. prod. 4. p. 234. 



LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digy'nia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed. 

 Petals obovate, emarginate, with an inflexed point ; or the outer 

 ones are larger and bifid. Styles in the female flowers elon- 

 gated (f. 65. A.), filiform, 2, rarely 3. Fruit ovate, nearly terete 

 (f. 65. f.), inclosed in a hollow receptacle, furnished with a short 

 emersed beak. Mericarps with 5 depressed equal undulated ribs. 

 Vittse one in each furrow, covered by a cobwebbed membrane. 

 Albumen deeply involute (f. 65.^'.) Perennial herbs. Leaves 

 bipinnatifid ; segments cut. Umbels terminal ; the flowers of the 

 ray male, and joined together at the base before flowering, having 

 the receptacle girding them ; the female flowers solitary and cen- 

 tral. Involucra and involucels constantly of many leaves. 



SECT. I. LEUCOPHORA (from XEVKOC, leucos, white, and tytpu, 

 phero, to bear ; in reference to the white flowers of the species). 

 D. C. prod. 4. p. 235. Flowers white. Petals obcordate, 

 glabrous, nearly equal. Lobes of leaves pungent, terete or 

 conical. 



1 E. SPINOSA (Lin. spec. 344.) plant glaucous, finely downy ; 

 leaves pinnate; leaflets subulate, trifid, stiff; leaves of involu- 

 crum and involucels spinose. ?. H. Native along the Me- 

 diterranean, in the sand by the sea side. Said to have been 



found by Ray on the sea coast of Lancashire, and by Mr. 

 Blackstone between Feversham and Sea Salter ; between Whit- 

 stable and the Isle of Thanet, by Sandwich, and near West 

 Chester by Gerarde ; but it has been since searched for 

 without success ; it was therefore nothing but the common 

 samphire that was found in the above mentioned habitats. Cav. 

 icon. 2. t. 127. Smith, fl. graec. FIG 65 



t. 265. eng. bot. 2413. D. C. 

 coll. mem. v. t. 16. Mor. ox. 

 sect. 9. t. 1. f. 1. Root fusi- 

 form, edible. Flowers white, 

 (f. 65.) 



Var. ft, pubescens (Guss. prod, 

 fl. sic. 1. p. 309.) stem pubes- 

 cent, deeply furrowed ; leaves 

 scabrous ; rays of umbels pi- 

 losely pubescent. I/ . H. Na- 

 tive of the Levant. 



Prickly Sea-parsnip. Fl. Jul. 

 PI. 2 to 3 feet. 



2 E. PLATY'LOBA (D. C. prod. 

 4. p. 235.) plant smoothish or 

 pubescent in the upper part ; 

 leaves petiolate, pinnate : leaf- 

 lets 3-4-cleft : lobes lanceolate, flattish, divaricate, spinescent ; 

 leaves of involucra lanceolate, spiny. I/. F. Native of Persia, 

 about Teheran. Stems angular, flexuous. Umbels small, when 

 young, pubescent. Flowers white. 



Broad-lobed Sea-parsnip. PI. ^ to 1 foot. 



3 S. TRICHOPHY'LLA (Smith, in Rees' cycl. vol. 12. no. 3.) leaves 

 bitriternate ; segments filiform, channelled, acute, unarmed. I/ . 

 F. Native of the Levant, in stony places at the foot of Mount 

 Ararat ; and of Persia, in the province of Aderbeidjan, where it 

 was gathered by Szowits. Umbels turgidly muricated, about 

 the size of those of E. spinosa, of a deep purple while young ; 

 petals white. Perhaps this plant is the same as E. orientalis 

 peucedanifolio, Vaill. herb. The plant has a strong smell of 

 galbanum according to Szowits. 



Hair-leaved Sea-parsnip. Fl. July. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 foot. 



SECT. II. CHRYSOPHORA (from \pv0og, chrysos, gold, and 

 <jiepw, phero, to bear ; in reference to the yellow flowers). D. C. 

 prod. 4. p. 235. Flowers yellow. Petals ovate, barbately 

 ciliated ; the outer ones of the umbel rather radiant. Lobes 

 of leaves flat, foliaceous, toothed at the apex. According to 

 Fischer it is probably a distinct genus. 



4 E. TENUIFOLIA (Lin. spec. 344.) plant pubescent ; leaves 

 bipinnate ; leaflets pinnatifid or cut, cuneated, unarmed at 

 the apex. 1. F. Native of Apulia, Sicily, Greece, Tauria, 

 and about Smyrna and Constantinople, in fields ; and of 

 Persia, in the province of Erivan, in dry saltish places. Sibth. 

 and Smith, fl. grsec. 266. prod. 1. p. 179. Stev. mem. soc. mosc. 

 3. p. 249 and 258. D'Urv. enum. 29. Moris, oxon. sect. 9. t. 

 1. f. 2. Pluk. aim. t. 11. f. 1. The fruit is similar to the rest 

 of the species. A much branched glaucous plant. 



Fine-leaved Sea-parsnip. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1731. PI. 1| ft. 



Cult. These plants not producing seeds in this country are 

 increased by cuttings of the roots or stems. Place them in a 

 warm situation and a dry soil, or else cover them in winter, to 

 prevent the frost from destroying them. 



CL. EXOACA'NTHA (from *&, exo, without, and aicavOa, 

 aJcantha, a spine ; in allusion to the leaves of the involucels 

 being spinose, and situated on the outside of the umbellules). 

 Labill. pi. syr. dec. 1. p. 10. t. 2. Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 106. B.C. 

 prod. 4. p. 235. 

 3 B 2 



