372 



UMBELLIFER^E. CL. EXOACANTHA. CL1. ARCTOPUS. CLII. CACHRYS. 



LIN. SY&T. Pent&ndria, Digynia. Flowers polygamous, cen- 

 tral ones fertile, the rest sterile. Calyx in the sterile flowers, 

 with obsolete margins. Petals obcordate, inflexed, equal. Young 

 fruit of the sterile flowers obovate, and striated ; those of the 

 central flowers much larger, ovate, and somewhat papillose, 

 crowned by 15 elongated stiff bristles. Seed unknown. An 

 herb, native of the Levant. Leaves pinnate : leaflets of the 

 radical leaves ovate, toothed, rather cut; of the cauline leaves 

 lanceolate-linear, acute. Umbels terminal, compound ; umbel- 

 lules on short peduncles. Leaves of involucra 10-12, large, 

 channelled, spinose, longer than the rays, spreading ; leaves of in- 

 volucels 7-11, spinose, situated on the outer side of the umbel - 

 lules, and longer than them, very unequal, 1 of which is very 

 long, 2-4 are middle-sized, and 2-4 are bristle-formed. Flowers 

 white.- This very singular genus is allied to Echindphora and 

 Arctbpus from the inflorescence, but the fruit is scarcely known. 

 Perhaps the fruit is said to be crowned by 15 bristles, because 

 the calyx is 5-parted, and each of these parts again trifid. 



1 E. HETEROPHY'LLA (Labill. 1. c.) $ . F. Native of the 

 Levant, at Nazareth. 



Variable-leaved Exoacantha. PI. 2 feet. 



Cult. The seed of this plant ought to be sown in a pot, and 

 the plants when of sufficient size to be potted separately ; and 

 in the second year, about the month of May, they may be 

 planted out into the open border, where they will flower and seed 

 freely. 



CLI. ARCTO'PUS (from apt-roe, arktos, a bear, and 

 pous, a foot ; this singular plant is beset with spines, which have 

 been compared to the claws of a bear). Lin. hort. cliff. 495. gen. 

 no. 1165. Lam. ill. t. 865. Gasrtn. fil. carp. 3. p. 14. t. 182. 

 f. 4. D. C. prod. 4. p. 236. Apradus, Adans, fam. 2. p. 182. 



LIN. SYST. Pent&ndria, Digynia. Flowers polygamo-dioecious. 

 Margin of calyx 5-toothed. Petals lanceolate, with an incurved 

 acute entire acumen. Stamens in the male flowers twice the 

 length of the corolla, antheriferous. Stylopodium flat. Styles 2, 

 very short, deciduous. Ovarium abortive. Stamens in the female 

 flowers none. Styles 2, thickened at the base, and divaricate at 

 the apex. Fruit ovate, beaked, crowned by the calyx, and confer- 

 ruminated with it from the base to the middle, having one side 

 depressed and naked, with a furrow, not separable into two parts, 

 but bilocular, with one of the cells abortive ; the fruit is therefore 

 1 -seeded from abortion, roundish, convex on one side, and concave 

 with a furrow on the other. A perennial herb, native of the Cape 

 of Good Hope. Radical leaves pressed close to the ground in a 

 stellate manner, with flat petioles, and roundish trifid limbs : the 

 lobes toothed and spiny-ciliated. Male umbels compound, pe- 

 dunculate, sterile, but mixed with a few female flowers ; umbel- 

 lules nearly globose; involucrum usually of 5 leaves, which 

 are joined together after flowering. Female umbels sessile, fer- 

 tile, surrounded by the 4 concrete leaves of the involucrum, 

 which are coriaceous, reticulated, and spiny toothed, girding the 

 fruit. Petals white. 



1 A. ECHINA'TUS (Lin. spec. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 1512.) I/. G. 

 Native of the Cape of Good Hope, on hills about Cape Town, 

 &c. Thunb. fl. cap. 255. Ker, bot. reg. t. 705. Burm. afr. 

 1. t. 1. Pluk. mant. t. 271. f. 5. The roots are used with suc- 

 cess at the Cape in cases of siphilis ; but upon trial here some 

 years since they were found to be less efficient than sarsa- 

 parilla. 



Rough Arctopus. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1774. PI. 1 foot. 



Cult. This plant should be grown in a mixture of peat, sand, 

 and loam ; and it may either be increased by dividing the plant 

 or by seed. 



CLII. CA'CHRYS (one of the names given by the Romans 



to the Rosemary. According to Morison, the name was de- 

 rived from Kiuta, kaio, to burn, on account of the carminative 

 qualities of the plants). Tourn. inst. t. 172. Lin. gen. no. 342. 

 D. C. coll. mem. v. p. 65. prod. 4. p. 236. Cachrys and Hip- 

 pomarathrum, Link. hort. berol. 1. p. 271. Koch, umb. 136. f. 

 36, 37. Cachrys species, Spreng. 



LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Margin of calyx 5-toothed, 

 or rarely obsolete. Petals ovate, entire, involute or inflexed at 

 the apex. Stylopodium depressed, short, hardly distinct in the 

 mature fruit. Fruit turgid, the transverse section nearly terete, 

 or somewhat didymous ; mericarps with 5 thick ribs, variable in 

 the different sections. Commissure nearly equal to the breadth 

 of the mericarps. Seed constituting a free nucleus, covered 

 with copious vittae, deeply involute. Cotyledons of embryo 

 diverging. Perennial herbs. Leaves decompound. Umbels 

 numerous. Involucra and involucels of many leaves. Flowers 

 yellow. 



SECT. I. EUCA'CHRYS (from eu, well, and cachrys ; this section 

 contains what are supposed to be the true species of the genus). 

 D. C. prod. 4. p. 236. Cachrys, Koch, umb. 1. c. Margin of 

 calyx obsolete. Ribs of fruit broad, thick, obtuse, sometimes 

 so very broad at the base as hardly to be distinct. Prickles, 

 bristles, or tubercles none. 



1 C. UEVIGA'TA (Lam. diet. 1. (1783) 256.) plant glabrous; 

 leaves decompound ; leaflets multifid, linear-setaceous, divari- 

 cate ; leaves of involucra and involucels few, entire; fruit glo- 

 bose, with very blunt, hardly distinct, smooth ribs. I/ . H. Na- 

 tive of the south of France, in dry open places. -Moris, umb. t. 

 3. superior figure. C. Libanotis, Gouan. ill. p. 12. but not of 

 Lin. C. Morisonii, All. pedem. auct. (1789) p. 23. Schultes, 

 syst. 6. p. 441. exclusive of the synonyme of Desf. The oldest 

 name is here admitted. Flowers yellow. 



Smoo/A-fruited Cachrys. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1710. PI. $ 

 to 1 foot. 



2 C. MACROCA'RPA (Ledeb. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 313. fl. alt. 1. 

 p. 365.) radical leaves ternate : leaflets bipinnate or tripinnate : 

 pinnula ternate or palmate : segments entire or 3-partecl : lobes 

 linear or oblong ; involucra and involucels of many leaves ; fruit 

 oval; mericarps glabrous, 11 -angled. l/.H. Native of Sibe- 

 ria, on hills in the Kirghisean steppe, at Ustkamenogorsk, and 

 between Bucktorminsk and Lake Noor-Saisan. Root rather 

 woody, stupose. Stems many from the same root, striately fur- 

 rowed, pubescent, branched af top. Leaves a foot long and 

 more than a foot broad. Umbels of 5-10-rays,but usually of 8. 

 Leaves of involucra ovate or lanceolate, short, membranous ; of 

 the involucels of unequal size. Flowers yellow, all hermaphro- 

 dite in the primordial umbels ; but in the lateral ones they are 

 polygamous, the outer ones fertile, and the inner ones for the 

 most part sterile. Calyx very minute. Petals yellow, oblong, 

 concave, reflexed, hardly keeled on the inside. Stylopodium 

 pulvinate. Fruit large, compressed from the sides ; mericarps 

 with 5 thick keeled ribs. Carpophore bipartite, free. 



Large-fruited Cachrys. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 



3 C. ODONTA'LGICA (Pall. itin. 3. p. 720. t. g. f. 1, 2, 3. ed. 

 germ. 3. append, no. 75. t. 9. ed. gall, in 8vo. append, no. 309. 

 t. 78. f. 1.) leaves decompound, clothed with hoary pubescence ; 

 leaflets linear, short, rather trifid ; stem naked ; leaves of invo- 

 lucra and involucels few, undivided ; fruit oblong, having the 

 mericarps somewhat compressed from the back, and hardly fur- 

 rowed. "H.. H. Native of Siberia, Tauria, and Caucasus, in 

 very arid muddy places. Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 217. suppl. 216. 

 Hoffm. umb. 1. p. 176. t. 3. f. 2. and f. 4. d. e. f. Cachrys 

 callosperma, Pall. itin. 3. p. 663. Involucrum none, ex Hoffm. 

 1-leaved, ex Vest. ; few-leaved, ex Pall. Fruit oblong, smooth, 

 and ribless on the outside, as in C. Icevigata, but cylindrical, not 



