380 



UMBELLIFER^E. CLXIII. PHYSOSPERMUM. CLXIV. SMYRNIUM. 



slieaths. Leaves of involucra and involucels many. Flowers 

 white. The tegument does not adhere to the fruit in the young 

 state, but when ripe it does, whence the name is incongruous 

 when the fruit is mature. 



1 P. AQUILEGIFOLIUM (Koch, 1. c.) lower leaves triternate, 

 glabrous ; leaflets cuneated, deeply toothed ; upper leaves many, 

 reduced to the quite entire stipula-formed sheaths. I/ . H. 

 Native of Taui ia, Italy, Spain, and Portugal, in woods and shady 

 places. Danaa aquilegifolia, All. pedem. no. 1392. t. 63. Haen- 

 selera damaecornis, Lag. 1. c. Ligusticum aquilegifblium, Willd. 

 spec. 1. p. 1425. Balb. mem. acad. taur. 1804. p. 333. Sison 

 sylvaticum, Brot. fl. lus. 37. Danaa sylvatica, Lag. am. nat. 2. 

 p. 97. Oreoselinum Lusitanicum, Tourn. herb. Smyrnium 

 medicaule, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 238. Spreng. umb. spec. t. 4. f. 

 7. Pimpinella Danaa, Bieb. casp. p. 163. 



Columbine-leaved Physospermum. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1817. 

 PI. 3 feet. 



2 P. CORNUBIE'NSE (D. C. prod. 4. p. 246,) lower leaves tri- 

 ternate, glabrous ; leaflets cuneate-lanceolate, deeply toothed : 

 uppermost ones reduced to the sheaths, each sheath bearing 3 

 linear, nearly entire leaflets. Tj.. H. Native only of Cornwall, 

 in thickets, among bushes, and in hedges ; in great plenty in the 

 neighbourhood of Bodmin. Ligusticum Cornubiense, Lin. spec, 

 p. 359. Smith, engl. bot. t. 683. Smith, icon. pict. t. 11. 

 Physospermum commutatum, Spreng. umb. spec. t. 4. f. 8. ex- 

 clusive of many synonymes. Dan&a aquilegifolia, Lag. am. nat. 

 2. p. 97. ? ex synonymeof Spreng. Cornwall Saxifrage, Petiv. 

 herb. brit. t. 26. f. 9. Cattle are so fond of the plant that they 

 eat it down to the ground. The root contains a yellow resinous 

 juice. 



Cornish Physospermum. Fl. Jul. Aug. Engl. PL 2 to 3 ft. 



3 P. CICUTA'RIUM (Spreng. umb. spec. 23.) lower leaves supra- 

 decompound : cauline ones decompound : upper ones ternate ; 

 leaflets 3-lobed, toothed, acute ; stem leafy, furrowed. 3. H. 

 Native of Eastern Caucasus. Smyrnium cicutarium, Bieb. fl. 

 taur. 1. p. 239. suppl. 249. Ligusticum Caucasicum, Willd. 

 herb, ex Schultes, syst. 6. p. 457. Umbels lateral and ter- 

 minal. 



Cicuta-tike Physospermum. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1827. PI. 

 2 to 3 feet. 



4 P. ANGELicjEF6r,iuM (Guss. ind. sem. 1825. prod. fl. sic. 1. 

 p. 356.) stem furrowed, nearly naked ; radical leaves biternate, 

 with the ramifications not divaricate : leaflets of the lower leaves 

 ovate, of the superior ones oval-oblong, 2-3-parted, dentately 

 serrated, glabrous above, and pubescent beneath. I/ . H. Na- 

 tive of Sicily, on sliady gravelly parts of mountains. Leaves 

 like those of Angelica sylcestris. 



Angelica-leaded Physospermum. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 

 Cult. See Pleurospermum, p. 378. for culture and propaga- 

 tion. 



CLXIV. SMY'RNIUM (from oyit/pm, srnyrna, a synonyme 

 of fivppa. ; the odour of myrrh is common to many umbellifer- 

 ous plants, among others the My'rrhis odorata, for which reason 

 it is so named). Lag. am. nat. 2. p. 101. Koch, umb. p. 133. f. 

 38, 39. D. C. prod. 4. p. 247. Smyrnium species, Lin. and 

 Spreng. 



LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete. 

 Petals lanceolate or elliptic, entire, acuminated, with an indexed 

 point. Fruit contracted from the sides, didymous from the 

 mericarps being reniformly globose ; mericarps with 3 dorsal, 

 rather prominent sharp ribs, and 2 lateral, nearly obliterated 

 marginal ones ; vittae many in the furrows. Carpophore bipar- 

 tite. Seed involute Erect, biennial, glabrous herbs. Roots 

 fleshy. Leaves variable. Umbels terminal. Involucra variable. 

 Flowers yellow or greenish-yellow, usually polygamous. 



1 S. OLUSA'IRUM (Lin. spec. 376.) stem terete ; cauline leaves 

 ternate ; leaflets ovate, serrated ; involucels very short. $ . H. 

 Native of Middle and South Europe, in humid places ; as in 

 France, Spain, Italy, Belgium, and Britain. It is rather a mari- 

 time plant, and is found near our coast in various places, as 

 about Scarborough Castle, and about Dover ; it is common 

 in Anglesea and in all the western counties, and in the flat 

 parts of Gloucestershire, as also in many places of Dorset- 

 shire. It occurs also about many inland towns, as Notting- 

 ham, York, Bury, Newmarket, and about Mackerell's Tower, 

 Norwich. In several places of Cambridgeshire, Worcester- 

 shire, Kent, and Middlesex. In Scotland upon the coast of 

 Dunglass, on the edge of Berwickshire. Lam. ill. 204. Smith, 

 engl. bot. t. 230. S. Mathioli, Tourn. inst. 316. Lob. 

 icon. 708. f. 2. Moris, sect. 9. t. 4. The whole herb is of 

 a pale bright green, in flavour something like celery. Lower 

 leaves biternate : upper ones ternate. Petioles inflated. Um- 

 bels globular. Flowers greenish white. The plant was for- 

 merly eaten in various parts of Europe, either as a salad or pot- 

 herb, whence, and from its blackness, the name olusatrum, from 

 olus and ater. Ray says it was called Alexanders, because in 

 Italy and Germany it had long been denominated herba alexan- 

 drina; having been supposed to have been brought from Alex- 

 andria. It flowers in May, and by the middle of July the 

 stalks are dried up, but remain laden with large black seeds. 



Olusatrum or Common Alexanders. Fl. May. Britain. PI. 

 2 to 4 feet. 



2 S. APIIFOLIUM (Willd. spec. 1. p. 1468.) stem terete; cau- 

 line leaves cuneiform, obtuse, trifid, toothed : involucra and in- 

 volucels wanting. $ . H. Native of Candia. Schultes, syst. 

 6. p. 440. S. Creticum paludapifolio, Tourn. cor. 23. S. Cre- 

 ticum, Mill. diet. no. 4. Perhaps only a variety of the preced- 

 ing. Stem angular, glabrous. The lower leaves of this plant 

 are much smaller than those of the preceding, and more like 

 those of smallage ; the umbels are also smaller, and the seeds are 

 less. 



Smallage-leaved Alexanders. Fl. May. Clt. 1731. PI. 2 

 to 3 feet. 



3 S. ROTUNDIFOLIUM (Mill. diet. no. 2.) stem terete ; cauline 

 leaves stem-clasping, orbicular, quite entire, or hardly toothed. 



$ . H. Native of the islands in the Mediterranean, as in Cor- 

 sica, Sicily, Cos, &c. on the mountains. Moretti, pi. ital. dec. 

 2. p. 9. S. Dodonae'i, Spreng. umb. spec. 24. exclusive of many 

 of the synonymes. S. Creticum, Math. ed. Valgr. 1570. p. 515. 

 f. 2. S. Mathioli, Presl. del. prag. p. 127. but not of Tourn. 

 S. ramosum, D'Urv. enum. no. 278. S. perfoliatum o, Lam. 

 diet. 3. p. 266. S. ^Egyptiacum, Lin. amoen. 4. p. 270. pro- 

 bably belongs to this species, which has often 2 single cordate, 

 quite entire leaves on the floral branches, as in it. Root tu- 

 berously fusiform, black on the outside, with a sweet taste. 

 Leaves pale green : lower ones ternately decompound ; leaflets 

 ovate, deeply serrated, for the most part attenuated at the base. 

 Lower cauline leaf 3-lobed. 



Round-leaved Alexanders. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1700. PI. 3 ft. 



4 S. PERFOLIA'TUM (Mill. diet. no. 3.) stem angularly winged 

 above ; cauline leaves stem-clasping, ovate-cordate, denticu- 

 lated. . H. Native of Spain, Provence, Italy, Dalmatia, 

 Balearic Islands, Greece, &c. Lin. spec. 376. Moretti, pi. ital. 

 dec. 2. p. 10. S. Dioscoridis, Spreng. umb. spec. p. 25. 

 Smith, fl. graec. 289. exclusive of the synonymes of Math, and 

 Dalech,- Dodon. pempt. p. 698. f. 2. Lob. icon. 709. Lower 

 leaves ternately decompound, and the leaflets 3-lobed, ovate, 

 and toothed. Flowers yellow. 



Var. fl, Kiltabelii (D. C. prod. 4. p. 247.) superior leaves 

 coarsely toothed. $ . H. Native of Hungary. S. perfoliatum, 

 Waldst. et Kit. hung. 1. p. 22. t. 23. 



