382 UMBELLIFERjE. CLXVIII. ASTOMA. CLXIX. ATREMA. CLXX. COKIANDRUM. CLXXI. CYMBOCARFUM. 



fruit is more evidently didymous ; the commissure narrow, neither 

 perforated nor dilated at the apex ; and the styles rather diver- 

 gent. A glabrous herb, at first sight appearing like a species 

 of Seseli. Stem terete, striated, erect, branched. Superior 

 leaves bipinnatifid : with a few linear, nearly subulate, elongated, 

 quite entire segments. Umbels by threes, pedunculate at the 

 tops of the branches : the 2 lateral ones axillary and opposite, 

 C-8-rayed: but the central umbel is 10-12-rayed. Leaves of 

 involucrum 5-6, lanceolate, entire, acuminated. Umbellules of 

 10-12 flowers; involucels of 4-5 leaves. Flowers white, all 

 hermaphrodite. This is an intermediate genus between Bifora 

 and Atrema ; from the first it differs in the commissure being 

 imperforated, in the fruit being smaller, and in the involucra and 

 involucels being of many leaves ; and from the last in the 

 margin of the calyx being obsolete, in the fruit being without 

 ribs, and exactly didymous. 



1 A. SESEHFOLIUM (D. C. 1. c.). O- H. Native of Egypt, 

 or rather of Syria, where it was gathered by Donati. Corian- 

 drum seselifolium, D. C. The fruit of this plant is 5 times 

 smaller than in all the other genera of Coriandrece, and exactly 

 didymous. Mericarps nearly globose. 



Seseli-leavcd Astoma. Fl. June, Jul. PL 1 foot. 



Cult. See Bifora, p. 381. for culture and propagation. 



CLXIX. ATRE'MA (from a priv. and rpjjjua, trema, a. hole ; 

 there are no holes in the commissure, as in the genus Bifora). 

 D. C. coll. mem. v. p. 71. t. 18. prod. 4. p. 250. 



LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Teeth of calyx 5, acute, 

 small, permanent. Petals obovate, emarginate, nearly equal, 

 with an inflexed segment. Fruit nearly didymous ; rnericarps 

 nearly globose, ventricose : marked with 5 rather prominent 

 small ribs. Villas none. Commissure narrow, closed. Seed 

 involute from the base to the apex. An herb with a furrowed 

 stem, having the angles acute and dentately muricated under the 

 umbels. Leaves multifid, with linear segments. Umbels and 

 umbellules of 5-8 rays. Involucra and involucels of many 

 linear-setaceous, undivided leaves. This genus is intermediate 

 between Conundrum and Bifora, The flowers are equal and 

 the fruit is didymous as in Bifora, and the fruit is sapid, 5- 

 ribbed, and the calyx 5-toothed, as in Coridndrum sativum. 



1 A. AMERICA'NUM (D. C. 1. c.). . H. Native of North 

 America, in the southern provinces at the Red River. Corian- 

 drum Americanum, Nutt. in litt. 



American Atrema. PL 1 to 2 feet. 



Cult. See Bifora, p. 381. for culture and propagation. 



CLXX. CORIA'NDRUM (a name used by Pliny, derived 

 from icopic, com, a bug ; in reference to the fetid smell of the 

 leaves). Hoffm. umb. p. 186. f. 14-15. in tit. D. C. prod. 4. 

 p. 250. Spreng. in Schultes, syst. 6. p. 448. Koch, umb. p. 

 82. f. 72-73. Coriandrum species, C. Bauh. Tourn. and Lin. 



LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Teeth of calyx 5, acute, 

 unequal, permanent. Petals obovate, emarginate, with an in- 

 flexed point ; outer petals radiant and bifid. Fruit globose, 

 10-ribbed, hardly separable ; rnericarps with 5 primary depressed 

 flexuous ribs : and 4 secondary more prominent keeled ones. 

 Villa? none in the furrows, but 2 in the commissure. Carpo- 

 phore free in the middle, semi-bifid, adnate at the base and apex. 

 Seed excavated in front, covered by a loose membrane. Herb 

 glabrous. Stems terete. Leaves decompound : the superior 

 ones most so. Umbels of 3-4 rays, without any involucra; in- 

 volucels of 3 dimidiate leaves. Flower-buds sometimes rose- 

 coloured. Flowers white. Stylopodium conical. 



1 C. SAT\VUM (Lin. spec. p. 367.). O- H. but in gardens some- 

 times $ . Native of corn-fields in the Levant, Tartary, Greece, 



1 



Italy, and the south of France. The plant, although found wild 

 in Essex, where it has been long cultivated, is not a native of 

 this country. Smith, engl. hot. t. 67. fl. grsec. t. 283. Blackw. 

 herb. t. 176. Hayne, arz. gew. 7. t. 13. Brunf. hist. 1. p. 

 203. Mart. rust. t. 141. Rivin. pent. irr. t. 71. Woodv. 

 med. bot. 492. t. 181. Plench. icon. t. 204. Moris, hist. 3. 

 p. 269. sect. 9. t. 11. f. 1. The culture and management of the 

 coriander consists in sowing the seeds on a light rich soil in 

 September. Twenty pounds of seed will sow an acre. When 

 the plants come up, thin them to 6 or 8 inches distance every 

 way, and next spring stir the soil with a pronged hoe. In 

 August the seed will be ripe, and if great care be not used, the 

 largest and best part of the seed will be lost. To prevent this, 

 women and children are employed to cut plant by plant, and to 

 put it immediately into cloths, in which it is carried to some 

 convenient part of the field, and there threshed upon a sail cloth. 

 A few strokes of the flail get the seeds clean out, and the 

 threshers are ready for another bundle in a few minutes. In 

 Essex it is sometimes cultivated with caraway and teazle. See 

 Carum cdrvi. The produce of coriander is from 10 to 14 cwt. 

 on an acre. It is used by the distillers for flavouring spirits ; by 

 the confectioner for incrusting with sugar; and by the druggists 

 for various purposes, for all of which it is said to have a ready 

 sale. Coriander seeds are strong and disagreeable when fresh ; 

 but by drying become sufficiently grateful. They are recom- 

 mended as carminative and stomachic ; they are also used to 

 cover the taste of senna, and in spices as currie powder, and 

 seasoning for black puddings : formerly they were steeped in 

 wine, and then dried to render them milder. 



Var. ft ? microcdrpum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 250.) fruit one half 

 smaller than that of the species ; segments of the leaves very 

 slender and short. O- H. Native of Mexico, at Tampico. 

 Perhaps a proper species. 



Cultivated Coriander. Fl. Ju. Jul. England. PL 1| foot. 



Cult. Sow the seeds in the autumn or spring in the open 

 ground. 



CLXXI. CYMBOCA'RPUM (from KVfiftos, kymbos, a hollow, 

 and Kap7ro, carpos, a fruit ; in reference to the shape of the meri- 

 carps, which are hollow in front). D. C. ex Meyer, verz. pflanz. 

 p. 132. 



LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Margin of calyx obsolete. 

 Petals equal, obcordate ; whh an inflexed point. Stylopodium 

 depressed ; styles reflexed. Fruit nearly globose ; rnericarps 

 solid, hemispherical : with 5 primary, filiform ribs, which are 

 often obliterated : the lateral ones of these marginating ; secon- 

 dary ribs none. Vittae wanting. Carpophore bipartite, free in 

 the middle, but adnate at the base and apex. Seed excavated 

 in front. A small, annual fetid plant. Leaves decompound, 

 with short, linear segments. Umbels opposite the leaves. Leaves 

 of involucra and involucels linear. Flowers white. 



1 C. ANETHIOI DES (D. C. ex Meyer, verz. pflanz. p. 132.) 

 G H. Native of Caucasus, in stony places on the mountains 

 of Talusch, near Swant, about 2000 feet above the level of 

 the sea. 



Fennel-like Cymbocarpum. PL 1 foot. 



Cult. For culture and propagation see Bifora, p. 381. 



N.B. The two species of Coridndrum cultivated in China and 

 Cochin-china, are mentioned by Loreiro in his fl. coch. p. 225. 

 under the names of C. sativum and C. tesliculatum ; but the first 

 differs from the true C. sativum in the involucels being of one 

 leaf; and the second differs from the true C. testiculdtum or 

 Bifora, from the involucra and involucels being multifid, and in 

 the fruit being sweet scented. 



