ARALIACE/E. X. SCIODAPHYLLUM. XI. HEDERA. 



391 



but clothed with powdery velvety rusty down beneath ; racemes 

 elongated, granular ; flowers capitate, with 7-9 stamens ; corollas 

 obovate, angular, and truncate. Tj Gf. Native of Peru and 

 New Granada, on shady hills. Actinophy'llum angulatum, Ruiz 

 et Pav. fl. 5. p. 73. t. 307. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. 

 p. 9. Heads of flowers about the size of a walnut, yellowish. 

 Berry dark purple, cuneiform, angular. Styles 4-6. 

 Angular Sciodaphyllum. Tree 20 to 30 feet. 



14 S. PEDICELLA'TUM (Poir. diet. 6. p. 746.) stem scandent ; 

 leaves digitate : leaflets 9-13, petiolulate, oblong, acuminated, 

 somewhat sinuately undulated, and concave at the base, gla- 

 brous ; racemes many ; flowers pedicellate, umbellate on the 

 branches ; corollas hemispherical. tj . ,_,. G. Native of Peru, 

 in groves at Munna. Actinophy'llum pedicellatum, Ruiz et Pav. 

 fl. per. 3. p. 73. t. 308. Stem rooting, filled with medullas ; 

 branches purplish. Racemes purplish, a foot long. Stamens 

 6-7. Berries angularly globose, greenish purple. 



Pedicellate-fiovfered Sciodaphyllum. Shrub cl. 



15 S. ACUMINA'TUM (Poir. diet. 6. p. 746.) stems scandent; 

 leaves digitate: leaflets 7-11, petiolulate, oblong, obliquely acu- 

 minated, coriaceous, glabrous, reticulately veined ; racemes 2-5, 

 tomentose ; flowers pentandrous and octandrous, capitate ; co- 

 rollas hemispherical, apiculated. ^ . G. Native of Peru, in 

 groves. Actinophy'llum acuminatum, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. 

 p. 74. t. 310. Corollas yellow, disposed in heads, which are a 

 little larger than a pea. Styles 5. 



Acuminated-\enved Sciodaphyllum. Shrub cl. 



16 S. ANOMALUM (G. Don, in Loud. hort. brit. p. 112.) arbo- 

 reus ; leaves digitate : leaflets 5-7, oblong-lanceolate, acuminated 

 at the apex, green and smooth on both surfaces : outer ones the 

 smallest; umbels capitate, panicled; branches green and smooth. 



Jj . S. Native of Trinidad, in woods. Carolmea insignis, 

 Hortul. Flowers whitish yellow. Largest leaflets 1 foot long. 

 Anomalous Sciodaphyllum. Clt. 1817. Tree 20 feet. 



17 S. QUINDUE'NSE (D. C. prod. 4. p. 261.) stem shrubby, 

 scandent ; leaves digitate : leaflets 7, oblong, acuminated, quite 

 entire, glabrous ; umbels 4-flowered, racemose ; flowers with 

 8-10 stamens. -Tj . ^ G. Native of the Andes, about Quindiu, 

 at the height of 3300 feet above the level of the sea. Aralia 

 Quinduensis, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 8. t. 417. f. 

 1. Styles 3-10, spreading. Petals cohering at the apex. Fruit 

 8-10-ribbed. Perhaps a species of Aralia. 



Quindiu Sciodaphyllum. Shrub cl. 



Cult. All the species are worth cultivating in gardens for the 

 sake of their fine handsome large foliage. A mixture of loam, 

 peat, and sand is a good soil for them ; and they are easily in- 

 creased by cuttings under a hand-glass in sand, placed in a mo- 

 derate heat. 



XI. HE'DERA (a name for which many etymologies have 

 been offered. The best explanation is, that it has been derived 

 from hedra, cord in Celtic, lierre in French. The English name 

 of ivy is derived from the Celtic word iw, preen, from its being 

 always green. The word i is given to Taxus by the French, 

 hence also the English name of the genus Yen}. Swartz, fl. ind. 

 occ. p. 518. D. Don, prod. nep. p. 186. Gaertn. fruct. 1. t. 26. 

 D. C. prod. 4. p. 261. Aralia sect. Gymnapteina, Blum, 

 bijdr. p. 871. Hedera and Aralia species Lin. and all other 

 authors. 



LIN. SYST. Pent-Dec&ndria, Pent-Decagy'nia. Margin of 

 calyx elevated or toothed. Petals 5-10, not cohering at the 

 apex in the form of a calyptra. Stamens 5-10. Styles 5-10, 

 conniving, or joined in one. Berry 5-10-celled. Climbing or 

 erect shrubs. Leaves simple or compound. Flowers umbellate 

 or capitate. 



1. Leaves simple, undivided, or lobed, 



1 H. HE K I,IX (Lin. spec. 292.) stems climbing, throwing out 

 roots from the side by which it is placed to any substance; 

 leaves coriaceous, glabrous, shining, with 5 angular lobes ; 

 those on the old upright branches, which form the tops of the 

 plants, ovate, acute, quite entire ; umbels simple, pubescent. 

 fj . w . H. Native of Europe. Common ivy is a valuable 

 ornamental evergreen climbing shrub. It is useful for covering 

 walls and sides of houses, or training into fanciful shapes, as of 

 human figures, &c. on skeletons of wire-work, or trained up to 

 a stake, so as to form a standard ; but when ivy has reached to 

 the top of any support, the branches shorten, and become 

 woody, forming themselves into large bushy heads, and the 

 leaves become entire and more of an oval shape, and not 

 divided into lobes like the lower ones, and in this state they 

 produce flowers at the end of every shoot. The berries are 

 black at maturity. The flowers are yellowish, and appear 

 late in the season, and in consequence is much resorted to 

 by bees and flies, when little other food is to be had. The 

 berries increase during the winter, are full formed in February, 

 and ripen in April ; furnishing food for wild pigeons, blackbirds, 

 thrushes, &c. in the spring. Blackbirds, and several other birds, 

 build their nests in the stumps of ivy tufts. Sheep are fond of 

 the leaves, especially during severe weather. The ancients held 

 ivy in great esteem, and Bacchus is represented crowned with it 

 to prevent intoxication ; and Homer describes his heroes as 

 drinking out of a cup made of the wood. Haller says, that the 

 leaves are given in Germany as a specific in atropus in children. 

 Common people apply them to issues and corns. The berries 

 are aperient and emetic. The wood is soft and porous, so as to 

 transmit liquids if turned of a sufficient degree of thinness. The 

 roots are used by leather-cutters to whet their knives upon. 

 The whole plant is rather aromatic ; and a very fragrant resin 

 exudes from the old stems when bruised. The specific name 

 Helix is derived from etXtw, eileo, to encompass or turn round ; 

 in reference to the twining stems. 



Var. a, vulgaris (D. C. prod. 4. p. 261.) pedicels clothed with 

 stellate down ; floral leaves ovate ; fruit black ; leaves of the* 

 rooting branches 5-lobed, with white veins, fj . w . H. Native of 

 Europe, in woods, hedges, and on old buildings. Hedera Helix, 

 Lin. spec. 292. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1267. Curt. lond. fasc. 1. 

 t. 16. Fl. dan. t. 1027. Bull. fr. t. 133. Drev. and Hayne, 

 pi. europ. t. 66. There is a variegated-leaved variety of this in 

 the gardens. 



Far. ft, Canariensis (D. C. prod. 4. p. 261.) pedicels beset 

 with lepidotted pubescence ; floral leaves subcordate : those of 

 the creeping branches 5-lobed, larger than those of the common 

 ivy ; fruit red. Ij . w . H. Native of the Canary Islands. 

 Hedera Canariensis, Willd. in berl. mag. 2. p. 170. t. 5. f. 1. 

 Schultes, syst. 5. p. 508. In the gardens this is called Irish 

 Ivy. 



Var. y, chrysocdrpa (D. C. prod. 4. p. 261.) pedicels lepi- 

 dotted ; floral leaves elliptic, usually cuneated at the base ; fruit 

 yellow. T? . ,_,. H. Native of the north of India. H. Helix, 

 Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 515. D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 187. 

 It differs from var. a, vulgaris in the stature being more gigan- 

 tic, in the leaves being much more cuneated at the base, in the 

 pedicels being lepidotted, in the berries being yellow and usually 

 5-seeded. H. Poetica, C. Bauh. pin. p. 305. H. chrysocarpos, 

 Dalech. lugd. H. Dionysias, J. Bauh. hist, with a figure. 



Helix or Common Ivy. Fl. Oct. Britain. Shrub cl. 



2 H. CORYMBOSA (Choisy, mss. in herb. D. C. ex prod. 

 4. p. 262.) stem arboreous, bushy ; leaves cordate, acute, 

 bluntly 5-angled, when young velvety on the nerves beneath, 

 but in the adult state glabrous on both surfaces ; flowers corym- 



