400 



CORNER. I. CORNUS. 



spreading, smooth ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, 

 on short petioles, rather rough from small adpressed down ; 

 flowers sessile, densely aggregate, forming a round head, girded 

 by a 4-leaved scabrous involucrum. ^ . H. Native of Nipaul, 

 in Gosaingsthan, where the tree is called chungma ; and about Se- 

 rampore, where it is called Bhumowro ; and between Sutley and 

 Jumna. D. Don, prod. fl. nep. HI. Leaves coriaceous, 2 

 inches long, glaucous and pale beneath : with sometimes pink- 

 coloured nerves, having each a minute gland in their axils. 

 Heads of flowers about the size of a moderate-sized cherry, 

 supported by a club-shaped peduncle, which widens at the upper 

 end into a convex ligneous receptacle for the reception of the 

 flowers. Involucrum yellow, of 4 obovate leaves. 

 Capitate-fiowered Dogwood. Tree 10 to 15 feet. 



14 C. DISCIFI.ORA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D.-C. 

 prod. 4. p. 273.) branches smooth ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated 

 at both ends, on short petioles ; flowers nearly sessile, disposed in 

 capitate umbels ; leaves of involucrum joined together into a 

 roundish 4-lobed disk. J? . H. Native of Mexico, near Jalapa, 

 where it was collected by Berlandier, Deppe, and Schiede. C. 

 grandis, Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 5. p. 171. Flowers 

 white, many sterile. Fruit ovate. Perhaps C. polygama, Rafin. 

 fl. lud. p. 78.? 



Disk-flowered Dogwood. Tree. 



15 C. JAPONICA (Thunb. fl. jap. p. 63.) arboreous; branches 

 striated ; leaves ovate, acuminated, entire at the base, pale be- 

 neath ; umbels decompound, of 3-5 rays ; involucrum of 4 leaves, 

 fj . H. Native of Japan, near Nagasaki. Viburnum Japoni- 

 cum, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 934. Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 320. 

 Stamens 4. Flowers white. Fruit crowned by the very short 

 permanent style, and the trigonal acute stigma, compressed, red, 

 smooth, rather acid, ex Thunb. 1. c. 



Japan Dogwood. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 



* Trees, with yellow umbellate Jlorvers. 



16 C. MA'S (Lin. spec. 171.) branches smoothish ; leaves 

 oval, acuminated, rather pubescent on both surfaces ; flowers 

 rising before the leaves ; umbels about equal in length to the 4- 

 leaved involucra ; fruit elliptic. Tj . H. Native throughout 

 Europe, Britain excepted, and in the north of Asia, in hedges, 

 and among bushes ; as in France, Russia, Germany, Switzerland, 

 Austria, Carniola, Piedmont, &c. Blackw. t. 121. Plench. 

 icon. t. 64. C. mascula, L'Her. corn. no. 4. Guimp. abb. t. 2. 

 Hayne, term. bot. t. 35. Fl. greec. t. 151. Schmidt, arb. 2. t. 

 C3. Lam. ill. t. 74. f. 1. Knip, cent. 1. t. 18. Flowers yellow. 

 Fruit elliptic, of a high shining scarlet colour, the size and form 

 of a small olive or acorn, very styptic in its immature state. 

 The Cornelian cherry is very common in plantations of shrubs. 

 If the season be mild, the flowers will come out in the beginning 

 of February; and though there be no great beauty in them, yet 

 they are produced in plenty at a season when few other flowers 

 appear. Formerly it was cultivated for the fruit, which was 

 used to make tarts, and a rob de cornis was kept in the shops. 

 The fruit is gratefully acid, and is called sorbet by the Turks. 

 Cornel, says Evelyn, grows with us of a good bulk and stature, 

 and is exceedingly commended for its durableness in wheel- 

 work, pins, and wedges, in which it lasts like the hardest iron. 



Var. ft; fruit yellow or yellowish. Duham. arb. 1. p. 182. 

 This variety is to be found but very rare in the gardens. 



Var. y, variegata ; leaves edged with white or yellow. 



Male Cornel or Cornelian-cherry. Fl. Feb. April. Clt. 1596. 

 Shrub 10 to 15 feet. 



17 C. FLORIDA (Lin. spec. 1661.) branches shining; leaves 

 ovate, acuminated, pale beneath, beset with adpressed pili on 

 both surfaces ; flowers umbellate, rising after the leaves; leaves 

 of involucrum large, roundish, retuse or nearly obcordate ; 



drupes ovate. ^ . H. Native of North America, from Caro- 

 lina to Canada, in woods, common ; and on the banks of the 

 Columbia near its confluence with the sea. L'Hher. corn. no. 3. 

 Curt. bot. mag. t. 526. Catesb. car. t. 27. Bigel. med. bot. 2. t. 

 28. Guimp. abb. holz. t. 19. Rafin. med. bot. t. 28. Schmidt, 

 arb. 2. t. 52. Wang, beytr. 1. t. 17. f. 41. This is a beautiful 

 small tree. Leaves of involucrum white. Flowers greenish- 

 yellow. Berries scarlet, about half the size of those of C. mas- 

 cula, ripe in August. The wood is extremely hard, and of a very 

 fine texture. The bark is extremely bitter, and is used in North 

 America for the cure of remittent and intermittent fevers ; and 

 is considered not inferior to Peruvian bark. The young branches 

 stripped of their bark, and rubbed with their ends against the 

 teeth, render them extremely white. (Barton, 1. p. 51.) From 

 the bark of the more fibrous roots the Indians obtain a good 

 scarlet colour. 



Flowering Dogwood. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1731. Tree 20 

 to 30 feet. 



* * * Herbaceous plants, with subterraneous creeping roots. 

 Stems simple, herbaceous. Flomers white, in umbels. 



FIG. 71. 



18 C. CANADE'NSIS (Lin. spec. 

 1 72.) stems simple, herbaceous ; 

 upper leaves in whorles, ovate, 

 acuminated, veiny, on short pe- 

 tioles ; flowers umbellate, much 

 shorter than the leaves of the in- 

 volucrum, which are ovate, and 

 acuminated ; drupes globose. 

 I/. H. Native of North Ame- 

 rica, on the high mountains, 

 in boggy ground, from New 

 England to Carolina ; also of 

 Newfoundland, and the island of 

 Unalaschka ; throughout Canada 

 nearly to the Arctic coast, every 

 where as far as pine woods ex- 

 tend, &c. L'Her. corn. no. 2. 

 t. 1. Curt. bot. mag. 880. Begel. 



fl. best. ed. 1. p. 37. Cham, and Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 

 139. Kerner, t. 636. ex Rosm. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 319. 

 Flowers purplish-white ; involucra white. Berries red, ripe in 

 July. Habit of Paris quadrifblia. 



Canadian Dogwood. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1774. PL ft. 



19 C. SUE'CICA (Lin. spec. 172.) stem herbaceous; umbel 

 between two branches, stalked, surrounded by 4 unequal white 

 involncral leaves, tinged with red ; leaves opposite, sessile, 

 ovate, almost nerved from the base ; drupe globose. I/ . H. 

 Native of Europe and the north of Asia, Kamtschatka, Aleutian 

 Islands, Greenland, Lapland, Canada, Newfoundland, and La- 

 brador, in moist alpine pastures. In Britain in like situations ; 

 on the Cheviot hills of Northumberland, abundantly. In the 

 highlands of Scotland, frequent in boggy spots about rivulets. 

 In the Hole of Horcum, near Scarborough. Lin. fl. lapp. ed. 

 2. p. 38. t. 5. f. 3. Svensk. bot. t. 201. Penn. tour, scotl. p. 39. 

 Smith, end. bot. t. 310. CEder, fl. dan. t. 5. Sturm, deutschl. 

 fl. with a figure. C. herb'kcea, Huds. angl. 71 Dill. elth. 108. 

 t. 91 Rail, syn. 261. Park, theatr. 1461. f. 1. The involucral 

 leaves finally turn green. Flowers dark purple. The berries 

 are red and sweetish, containing a 2-celled nucleus, having the 

 dissepiment between the cells furnished with a large hole ; they 

 are supposed by the Highlanders to create an appetite, and 

 hence the Gaelic name, Lits-a-chrasis, plant of gluttony. 



Var. /3 ; nearly twice the size of the species. }/. H. Native 

 of North America, at Fort Vancouver, on the Columbia. 



