434 



CHLORANTHEyE. I. CHLORANTIIUS. II. ASCAHINA. III. HEDYOSMUM. 



3 HEDYOSMUM. Flowers monoecious. Male aments oblong, 

 naked ; anthers numerous, closely imbricated. Female flowers 

 in racemes, with a tridentate calyx. Drupe trigonal, 1 -seeded, 

 clothed by the baccate calyx. 



I. CHLORA'NTHUS (from X A">poc, chloros, green, and a*- 

 Ooe, anthos, a flower ; the flowers are green). Swartz, in phil. 

 trans. 77. p. 359. Lher. sert. angl. 1. p. 35. R. Brown, in bot. 

 mag. 2190. Blum. fl. jav. 1. p. 7. Nigrina, Thunb. nov. gen. 

 p. 58. fl. jap. p. 65. Creodus, Lour. coch. p. 89. Ascarina 

 species, Blum. enum. pi. jav. 1. p. 79. Cryphae'a, Hamilt. in 

 edinb. phil. journ. 1825. vol. 2. p. 9. 



LIN. SYST. Mon6.nd.na, Monogynia, R. Br. Gynandria, Tri- 

 andria, Spreng. Calyx tridentate or wanting. Corolla wanting. 

 Anther seated on the side of the ovarium, undivided, and 2- 

 celled, or trilobed and 4-celled : in the latter case the middle 

 lobe alone is perfect and 2- celled, while the 2 lateral lobes are 

 imperfect and only 1 -celled. Ovarium 1-seeded: ovulum pen- 

 dulous ; stigma capitate. Drupe I-seeded. Small subherba- 

 ceous shrubs : with opposite toothed leaves, and slender spikes 

 of inconspicuous flowers. 



1 C. OFFICINA'LIS (Blum. enum. pi. jav. 1. p. 79. fl. jav. 1. 

 p. 10. t. 1.) stem suffruticose ; leaves oval-oblong, or lanceo- 

 late, the superior ones more acuminated than the rest ; spikes 

 branched, terminal ; anther 3-lobed : middle lobe perfect and 

 2-celled : lateral ones imperfect and 1 -celled. ^ . G. Native 

 of Java, in high mountain woods. Straopha Noronha, ined. 

 Berries white. The plant has an aromatic and fragrant smell, 

 and is a stimulant of the highest order. It is used in medicine 

 by the Javanese. 



Officinal Chloranthus or Chu-Lan. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 



2 C. BRACHY'STACHYS (Blum. fl. jav. 1. p. 13. t. 2.) stem 

 suffruticose ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, 

 serrated ; spikes branched, terminal ; anther undivided, 2- 

 celled. fj . G. Native of Java, in the provinces of Bamtam 

 and Krawang, in woods on the higher mountains. Ascarina 

 serrata, Blum, enum. pi. jav. 1. p. 180. 



Short-spiked Chloranthus or Chu-Lan. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 



3 C. MONO'STACHYS (R. Br. in bot. mag. t. 2190. Lindl. coll. 

 t. 171.) stem suffruticose; leaves elliptic, serrated, acuminated; 

 spikes solitary, simple ; flowers alternate ; anther incurved, 3- 

 lobed : the middle lobe 2-celled and perfect, and the lateral 

 lobes 1 -celled and imperfect, fj . G. Native of China. Flowers 

 yellowish. 



One-spiked Chloranthus or Chu-Lan. Fl. Feb. May. Clt. 

 1819. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 



4 C. INCONSPICUUS (Swartz, in phil. trans, vol. 77. p. 359. t. 

 15.) suffruticose; leaves ovate-oblong, obtuse, serrated, pale 

 beneath ; spikes axillary, branched : branches alternate ; flowers 

 opposite ; anther 3-lobed : middle lobe perfect and 2-celled, the 

 lateral ones imperfect and 1-celled. b . G. Native of China 

 and Japan. Nigrina spicata, Thunb. fl. jap. p. 65. 



Inconspicuous Chloranthus or Chu-Lan. Fl. April, Sept. Clt. 

 1781. Shrub 1 foot. 



5 C. MONA'NDER (R. Br. in bot. mag. under no. 2190.) spikes' 

 brachiate ; flowers opposite ? anther undivided, 2-celled, perfect. 

 I? . G. Native of China. 



Monandrous Chloranthus or Chu-Lan. Fl. June. Clt. 1817. 

 Shrub 1 to 1 foot. 



6 C. ELA'TIOR (R. Br. 1. c.) shrubby ; leaves oblong-lanceo- 

 late, serrated, petiolate : spikes slender, Ions, reflexed, crowded, 

 nearly terminal ; anther 3-lobed, the middle lobe perfect, 2- 

 celled, the lateral lobes imperfect and 1-celled. fj . G. Native 

 of China and Cochinchina. Creodus odorifer, Lour. coch. p. 

 89. Flowers small, yellow, sweet-scented. Branches long, 



somewhat scandent. In Cochinchina this plant is grown in gar- 

 dens for the sake of the scent of the flowers. 



Taller Chloranthus or Chu-Lan. Shrub 6 feet. 



7 C. SERRA'TUS (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3, p. 461.) leaves 

 ovate-oblong, acute, doubly serrated ; spikes brachiate, axillary. 

 Ij.G. Native of Japan, in the interior of the islands. Nigrina 

 serrata, Thunb. act. ups. t. 7. p. 142. t. 5. f. 1. Stem simple, 

 about a foot high. Leaves a hand long, having the serratures 

 acute. 



Serrated-leaved Chloranthus or Chu-Lan. PI. 1 foot. 



Cult. A mixture of loam, sand, and a little peat, is a good 

 soil for the species of Chlordnthus ; and they are easily in- 

 creased by cuttings under a hand-glass, or by suckers. 



II. ASCARPNA (from aaKapig, ascaris, ascarides, or small 

 round worms ; the name is applied to this genus because the 

 anthers are formed like small worms). Forst. char. gen. t. 59. 



LIN. SYST. Mondndria, Monogynia. Spikes filiform, dioeci- 

 ous. Perianthium a very short scale. Filament short ; anther 

 oblong, 4-furrowed, and probably 4-celled. Style wanting: 

 stigma somewhat 3-lobed, adnate to the ovarium. A tree, with 

 oblong-serrated stalked leaves, and sheathing stipulas at the base 

 of the petioles. 



1 A. POLYSTA'CHYA (Forst. 1. c.) ^ . G. Native of the Society 

 Islands. 



Many-spiked Ascarina. Tree. 



Cult. See Chlordnthus above for culture and propagation. 



III. HEDYO'SMUM (from f]Sv, hedy, sweetness, and 

 osme, a smell ; the plants are sweet-scented). Humb. et Bonpl. 

 nov. gen. 7. p. 634, 635. Swartz, fl. ind. 2. p. 957. t. 8. Schreb. 

 gen. 2. p. 1453. Tafalla, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 



LIN. SYST. Polydndria, Monogynia. Flowers monoecious. 

 Male aments oblong, naked, without scales and perianthia. 

 Filaments none ; anthers numerous, closely imbricated, oblong, 

 2-celled, furnished with a mucronate process. Female flowers 

 with a monophyllous tridentate calyx. Style very short, trique- 

 trous : stigma simple, obtuse. Drupe trigonal, 1-seeded, cover- 

 ed by the baccate calyx. Small shrubs, with opposite branches 

 and leaves. Leaves serrated. Flowers monoecious, male ones 

 disposed in aments, and the female ones in racemes. 



1 H. NU'TANS (Swartz, fl. ind. occid. 2. p. 959. prod. p. 84.) 

 frutescent; branches lax; leaves lanceolate, acuminated ; petioles 

 short, connate on both sides from stipulaceous membranous 

 sheaths at the base, which are retuse and ciliated on the margins. 



J? . G. Native of Jamaica, in woods, on the highest mountains. 

 Shrub branched. Branchlets tetragonal, jointed, rising from 

 the axils of the sheaths of the petioles. Leaves serrated, pale 

 green. Male aments pedunculate, oblong, nutant, filiform, rising 

 from the sheaths of the petioles. Female racemes terminal and 

 axillary from the same axils as the male ones, usually tripartite. 

 Calyx tridentate. Drupe triquetrous, hard, shining, brown, 

 clothed by the roundish, scarlet, fleshy calyx. The whole plant 

 has a grateful smell, and an aromatic hot taste. 



Nodding-spiked Hedyosmum. Shrub 1 to 4 feet. 



2 H. RACEMOSA ; leaves oblong, serrated, short-acuminated ; 

 female peduncles twin, racemose, flexuous. Tj . G. Native of 

 Peru, at Cuchero and Pillao, where it is called Carpales and 

 Aytacupi. Tafalla racemosa, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. syst. p. 271. 

 There is a white pellucid sweet-scented resin issues from this 

 plant, which has the scent of gum-anime. 



Racemose- flowered Hedyosmum. Tree 15 feet. 



3 H. ARBORE'SCENS (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 961. prod. p. 

 84.) arborescent ; branches straight, erect ; leaves ovate-lanceo- 

 late ; sheaths of petioles cucullate, bidentate ; male aments ob- 

 long, usually twin ; female racemes tripartite, fy . G. Native 



