CHLORANTHE.E. III. HEDYOSMUM. CAPRIFOLIACEJE. 



435 



of Jamaica and Martinico, on the higher mountains. Branches 

 angular near the sheaths of the petioles, kneed, rather fleshy. 

 Leaves serrated, attenuated and obtuse at the apex, brownish 

 green, shining. Stipulaceous sheaths large, cucullate, bidentate 

 at both sides. Female flowers crowded on the racemes by 

 threes, sessile. Scales 3-4 under the flowers. Ovarium trigo- 

 nal. Style triquetrous : stigma obtuse. Fruit white, rather 

 diaphanous. Calyx baccate, like that of the first species. 

 Arborescent Hedyosmum. Shrub 12 to 16 feet. 



4 H. HIRSU'TUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 164.) 

 sheaths and leaves oblong, serrated, hairy beneath. fj . S. 

 Native of New Granada. 



//airy-leaved Hedyosmum. Shrub. 



5 H. OLABRA'TUM(H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 165. 

 t. 635.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, serrated, rough ; aments and 

 strobiles tern. Jj.S. Native of Peru, in Pati and Muna, where it 

 is called Aytacupi ; and New Granada. Tafalla scabra, Ruiz 

 et Pav. fl. per. syst. p. 270. 



Smooth Hedyosmum. Tree 20 feet. 



6 H. BONPLANDIA'NUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 7. p. 164. 

 t. 634-635.) leaves oblong, acuminated, glabrous, serrated ; 

 male peduncles twin, 3-spiked : those of the female branched. 

 Tj . S. Native of Peru, in the mountains of Cuchero and Aco- 

 mago, where it is called Ayacupi and Almacijas ; and New 

 Granada. Tafalla glauca, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. syst. p. 271. 



Honpland's Hedyosmum. Tree 25 feet. 



Cult. For culture and propagation see Chlordnthus, p. 434. 

 with the exception that the species require more heat. They 

 are shrubs of ho beauty. 



ORDER CXXIX. CAPRIFOLIA'CE^l (this order agrees 

 with Caprifolium or Honeysuckle). Juss. gen. p. 110. (exclu- 

 sive of sects. 2 and 4.) Rich. diet, class. 3. p. 172. D. C. 

 prod. 4. p. 321. 



Calyx having the tube adhering to the ovarium (f. 77. c.) ; and 

 the limb free and 5-lobed (f. 77. d. f. 78. a.). Corolla gamo- 

 petalous (f. 77. 6. f. 78. b. f. 79. &.), inserted in the calyx, 

 with the tube short (f. 77. 6.), or long (f. 78. 6.), and the limb 

 5-lobed (f. 77. 6.), and sometimes irregular (f. 78. b. f. 79. 6.), 

 not valvate in aestivation. Stamens inserted in the calyx, and 

 adnate to the corolla at the base (f. 82./. f. 79. c.), and alternating 

 with its lobes, and equal in number to them (one of which is 

 sometimes abortive), sometimes exserted (f. 79. c. f. 78. c.), 

 sometimes inclosed (f. 82. /. f. 81. 6.) ; filaments subulate; 

 anthers ovate, 2-celled. Ovarium adnate to the calyx, while 

 young 3-celled (f. 77. e.). Style exserted (f. 78. c.) or want- 

 ing ; stigmas 3, sometimes distinct, sometimes combined into a 

 head. Berry crowned by the limb of the calyx (f. 77. d. f. 

 81. g.\ usually pulpy, rarely almost dry, many-celled in the 

 adult state, but often 1 -celled from the dissepiments, which are 

 very thin, having vanished. Seeds inverted, solitary, twin, or 

 numerous in the cells, but sometimes many of them are abor- 

 tive ; spermaderm crustaceous. Embryo in the centre of a 

 fleshy albumen ; with a superior radicle, and 2 ovate-oblong 

 cotyledons. Shrubs, rarely herbs or trees. Leaves opposite, 

 exstipulate (rarely furnished with 2 small stipulas at the base 

 of each petiole) simple, undivided, toothed, rarely pinnate, 

 feather-nerved. Flowers terminal, corymbose, or axillary. 



Taking Lonicera for the type of the order, there will be 

 found a striking affinity with Rubiaceee, Tribe Cinchonacece in 



the monopetalous tubular corolla, definite stamens, inferior ova- 

 rium, and opposite leaves, an affinity which is confirmed by the 

 corolla of the latter being occasionally regular or irregular. 

 With Apocynece it has an intimate alliance for the same reasons, 

 differing chiefly in their qualities, with the non-connivance of 

 the anthers, the aestivation of the corolla, and the structure of 

 the fruit. To Loranthdcece they also approach, in the structure 

 of the flowers and berries. Besides these points of affinity, 

 Caprifolidcece probably tends towards Umbelliferce through 

 Sambucus, from the fetid divided leaves and half herbaceous 

 habit. The genus Triosleum appears to be a link between this 

 order and Rubiaceee. The fragrance and beauty of the honey- 

 suckle tribe have been the theme of many a poet's song. They 

 consist either of twining or erect shrubs, with clusters of trum- 

 pet-shaped, fragrant, white, scarlet, or yellow flowers ; or of 

 fine bushes : having cymes of white blossoms. The honey- 

 suckle is the representative of the former and the elder of the 

 latter. Here too is found the modest and delicate Linnce'a 

 boreatts, which, however inferior its attractions for the vulgar 

 eye may be to those of its more ostentatious neighbours, yields 

 to none of them in elegance or interest for the botanist ; but 

 independently of such recommendations, they possess properties 

 of considerable interest. Their bark is generally astringent ; 

 that of Lonicera corymbosa is used for dying black in Chili. 

 The flowers of the elder are fragrant, soporific, and sudorific, 

 its leaves and inner bark fetid, emetic, and a drastic purgative, 

 qualities which are also possessed by the honeysuckle. The 

 fruit of Viburnum is destitute of these properties, but has in- 

 stead an austere, astringent pulp, which becomes eatable after 

 fermentation, and is made into a sort of cake by the American 

 Indians. Triosteum perfolialum is a mild cathartic ; in large 

 doses it produces vomiting ; and its dried or roasted berries 

 have been used as coffee. All caprifoliaceous plants love shady 

 and cool places in both hemispheres, but few have been found 

 in such as endure a very severe climate. 



Synopsis of the genera. 

 TRIBE I. 



SAMBU'CE^E. Corolla gamopetalous, regular, rotate (f. 74. a. 

 f. 75. a.) ; petals 5, only connected a little at the base, rarely 

 tubular. Style wanting. Stigmas 3, sessile. 



1 SAMBU'CUS. Limb of calyx 5-cleft. Corolla rotate (f. 74. 

 a.), urceolate. Berry roundish, pulpy, 1 -celled, 3-4-seeded 

 (f. 74. 5.), hardly crowned (f. 74. e.). 



2 VIBU'RNUM. Limb of calyx 5-cleft (f. 76. a.), permanent. 

 Corolla rotate (f. 75. a. f. 76. b.~), sub-campanulate or tubular. 

 Berry ovate or globose, 1 -seeded from abortion, crowned by the 

 calycine teeth. 



TRIBE II. 



LONICE'REJE. Corolla gamopetalous (f. 77. b. f. 78. b.) more 

 (f. 78. 6.) or less (f. 77. b.) tubular, usually irregular (f. 78. b. 

 f. 79. b.). Style filiform (f. 78. c.), crowned by 3 distinct or 



concrete stigmas. 

 3 K 2 



