136 



CAPRIFOLIACE^E. I. SAMBUCUS. 



3 TRIOSTEUM. Calyx with an ovate tube and a 5-parted 

 permanent limb (f. 77. a.). Corolla gibbous at the base, almost 

 equally 5-lobed (f. 77. &.). Stamens inclosed. Stigmas oblong, 

 thick. Berry coriaceous, obovately triquetrous (f. 77. c.), 

 crowned by the calyx (f. 77. d.), 3-celled (f. 77. .), 3-seeded. 



4 DIERVI'LLA. Calyx bibracteate at the base, with an oblong 

 tube and a 5-parted limb. Corolla funnel-shaped, 3-cleft. 

 Stigma capitate. Capsule oblong, not crowned, 1 -celled, many- 

 seeded. Seeds minute. 



5 LONICE'RA. Tube of calyx S-toothed (f. 78. a.). Corolla 

 tubular (f. 78. b. f. 79. b.), funnel-shaped (f. 79. b.), or cam- 

 panulate (f. 80. a.), with a 5-parted, usually irregular limb (f. 

 78. b. f. 79. b.). Stigma capitate (f. 78. c.). Berry 3-celled ; 

 cells few-seeded. 



6 LEYCESTE'RIA. Calyx with an ovate tube, and a 5-parted 

 irregular limb, ciliated with glands. Corolla funnel-shaped, with 

 the tube gibbous at the base, and the limb 5-parted and cam- 

 panulate. Stigma capitate. Berry roundish, 5-celled, crowned 

 by the calyx ; cells many-seeded. 



7 SYMPHORICA'RPOS. Calyx with a globose tube (f. 81. c.), 

 and a small 4-5-toothedlimb. Corolla funnel-shaped (f. 81. e.), 

 with an almost regular 4-5-lobed limb. Stigma semi-globose. 

 Berry crowned by the calyx (f. 81. g."), 4-celled, 2 of them 

 empty, and the other 2 containing 1 seed each. 



8 ABE'LIA. Calyx with oblong tube; and a 2-5-parted fo- 

 liaceous limb. Corolla funnel-shaped, 5-lobed, regular. Stamens 

 4, somewhat didynamous. Stigma capitate. Ovarium 2-celled; 

 cells 2-seeded. Fruit 1-seeded, crowned by the limb of the 

 calyx. 



9 LINN;E V A. Calyx with an ovate tube (f. 82. a.), and a 6- 

 parted limb (f. 82. 6.). Corolla turbinate (f. 82. d.), somewhat 

 campanulate, 5-lobed (f. 82. d.}. Stamens 4, 2 long and 2 

 short, inclosed. Stigma globose (f. 82. e.). Berry almost dry, 

 small, ovate-globose, 3-celled. 



j- Genera allied to the present order, but not sufficiently known. 



10 AI'DIA. Limb of calyx 5-toothed. Corolla hypocrateri- 

 form, with a woolly throat and a 5-parted limb. Anthers 5, 

 linear, inserted into the incisures of the corolla. Style equal 

 to the corolla ; stigma ovate-oblong. Berry ovate, umbilicate, 

 1-seeded. 



11 VALENTIA'NA. Limb of calyx 8-cleft. Corolla tubu- 

 lar, with a 5-cleft, nearly equal limb. Stamens 4, epipetalous. 

 Style filiform ; stigma 2-lobed. Fruit 2-celled. 



12 KARPA'TON. Limb of calyx 4-toothed. Corolla tubular, 

 4-cleft, bilabiate. Stamens 2 ; anthers 2-lobed. Style under 

 the superior lip of the corolla ; stigma simple. Capsule crowned 

 by the calyx, 1 -celled, 4-seeded. 



Tribe I. 



SAMBU'CE.S; (containing shrubs agreeing with Sambucus 

 in the want of the style). H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. 

 p. 487. D. C. prod. 4. p. 321. Sambucineae, Batsch, tab. aff. 

 p. 238. A. Rich. diet, class. 3. p. 173. Corolla garaopetalous, 

 regular, rotate, 5-lobed, or the petals are 5, and concrete at the 

 base, rarely tubular. Style wanting ; stigmas 3, sessile. 



I. SAMBtTCUS (from <rafi/3v/ct;, which the Latins have 

 changed to sambuca, a musical instrument, which is believed to 

 have been made of elder-wood : this wood has always been 

 renowned for its hardness). Tourn. inst. 376. Lin. gen. no. 

 372. Gaertn. fruct. t. 27. Lam. ill. t. 211. Schkuhr, handb. 

 t. 83. D. C. prod. 4. p. 321. Phyteuma, Lour. coch. p. 138. 

 but not of Lin. 



LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Trigynia. Calyx small, but divided 

 into 5 deep segments, permanent. Corolla rotate (f. 74. a.), 

 urceolar, 5-lobed ; lobes obtuse. Stamens 5 (f. 74. 6.), about 

 the length of the corolla ; filaments awl-shaped ; anthers round- 

 ish, heart-shaped. Style none ; stigmas 3, obtuse. Berry glo- 

 bular (f. 74. e.), pulpy, of 1 cell, containing 3-5 seeds (f. 

 74. 6.), which are convex on the outside and angular inside. 

 Shrubs, rarely herbaceous; having a strong disagreeable 

 scent ; stems with a solid spongy pith. Leaves opposite, stalked, 

 pinnate ; leaflets toothed, pinnate, or jagged, bi-stipellate or 

 bi-glandular at the base. Flowers white or purplish, disposed in 

 terminal cymes, which are in some flat and in others thyrsoid. 

 Berries purplish, cathartic. Those plants of the genus which 

 have pinnate or jagged leaflets are not true species but only 

 varieties, all the true species having only toothed leaflets. 



* Leaves pinnate. Flowers cymose or corymbose. 



FIG. 74. 



1 S. E'BULUS (Lin. spec. p. 

 385.) root fleshy, creeping ; stems 

 herbaceous, simple, deeply and 

 unequally furrowed ; leaflets 

 ovate-lanceolate, acute, sharply 

 serrated, unequal at their base ; 

 stipulas foliaceous, cut ; cymes 

 of 3 main branches ; flowers all 

 hermaphrodite. I/ . H. Na- 

 tive of Europe, even to Cauca- 

 sus, in waste ground about 

 hedges. In Britain, in like situ- 

 ations, but not common either 

 in England or Scotland. Smith, 

 engl. bot. t. 475. Curt. lond. 

 3. t. 18. VVoodv. med. bot. 

 suppl. t. 260. Oed. fl. dan. t. 1156. Mill, 

 humilis, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 370. E'bulus, Math, valgr. 2. p. 608. 

 with a figure. Cam. epit. 979. with a figure. Leaflets 4-5 

 inches long, nearly smooth. Flowers all stalked, of a dull purplish 

 hue, with thick white filaments, whose anthers are reddish. Ber- 

 ries globose, black, not always perfected, 3-4-seeded. 



Our ancestors evinced a just hatred of their brutal enemies 

 the Danes, in supposing this nauseous, fetid, and noxious plant 

 to have sprung from their blood ; hence it was formerly called 

 Dane-wort. Its qualities are violently purgative, sometimes 

 emetic ; yet a rob of the fruit is said to have been taken with 

 safety, as far as an ounce. The foliage is not eaten by cattle, 

 nor will moles come where these leaves, or those of any of the 

 species are laid. They also drive away mice from granaries, 

 and the Silesians strew them where their pigs lie, under the per- 

 suasion that they prevent some of the diseases to which swine 

 are liable. The specific name is from w/3o\j/, eubole, an erup- 

 tion. 



Var. /3, humilis (Mill. diet. no. 5.). Mr. Miller makes this 

 a distinct species. He says that the roots do not creep so 

 much ; that the stems do not rise so high ; that the leaves 

 have seldom more than 7 leaflets, and towards the top only 5, 

 longer and narrower than in the common dwarf elder, deeply cut 

 on their edges, and ending with winged acute points. If. H. 

 Savi collected this variety about Pisa. 



