438 



CAPRIFOLIACE.&. I. SAMBUCUS. II. VIBURNUM. 



teate: stigmas 5, sessile; berries 5-celled. Tj . H. Native of 

 Brazil, and cultivated at Talcahuano in Chili. Flowers cream- 

 coloured ? There is a variety of this having 4 stigmas and a 

 4-celled berry. 



Southern Elder. Shrub 5 to 10 feet. 



* * Leaves pinnate. Flowers panicled. 



12 S. RACEMOSA (Lin. spec. 386.) shrubby; leaves pinnate; 

 leaflets 5, membranous, oblong, acuminated, serrated, unequal 

 at the base ; petioles glabrous ; panicle ovate. ^ . H. Native 

 of middle and south Europe, and Siberia on the mountains. 

 Jacq. icon. rar. 1. p. 59. Duham. arb. t. 66. and ed. nov. 1. 

 t. 56. S.montana, Cam. epit. 976. S. cervini, Tabern. t. 1029. 

 Lob. icon. t. 163. Leaves pale green, pretty smooth. 

 Flowers of a whitish green colour. Fruit red or scarlet when 

 ripe. 



Far. ft, lacinidta (Koch, in D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 500.) 

 leaflets jagged. Tj . H. Native of the Palatinate of the Rhine. 



Racemose-flowered Elder. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1596. 

 Shrub 10 to 12 feet. 



13 S. PU'BENS (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 181.) shrubby ; 

 leaves pinnate ; leaflets 5, membranous, ovate-lanceolate or 

 oblong, acuminated, serrated, pubescent, but chiefly on the 

 under side ; panicle thyrsoid. I? . H. Native from Carolina 

 to Canada, on the highest mountains, as far as the Saskatchewan. 

 S. racemosa, Hook, fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 279. but not of Lin. 

 Berries red. Flowers whitish. Resembles S, racemosa very 

 much. 



Var. ft, heptaphtflla ; leaves larger than those of the species ; 

 leaflets 7. ^ . H. Native of North America, on the east side 

 of the Rocky Mountains : and shores of the Columbia, near 

 Fort Vancouver, and at its confluence with the sea. The Rocky 

 Mountain specimens, and, more especially those from the Pa- 

 cific, are remarkable for the great size and length of their leaf- 

 lets, and there being almost constantly seven upon eac hrachis. 



Downy Elder. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1812. Sh. 6 to 10 ft. 



" Leaves bipinnate. 



14 S. EBULOIDES (Desv. in herb. mus. par.) suffruticose ; 

 leaves bipinnate ; leaflets lanceolate, serrated ; panicle composed 

 of racemes, f? . H. Native of China, in the suburbs of Can- 

 ton. Phyteuma bipinnata, Lour. coch. 138. Branches angular 

 and furrowed. Flowers white. Fruit perforated, 3-celled, 

 many-seeded. 



Danewort-like Elder. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 



15 S. FHYTEUMOIDES (D. C. prod. 4. p. 323.) suffruticose ; 

 leaves bipinnate ; leaflets lanceolate, serrated, wrinkled ; pedun- 

 cles many-flowered, divaricate. T? . H. Native of Cochin- 

 china, on the mountains. Phyteuma Cochinchinensis, Lour, 

 coch. 139. Flowers white. Berry roundish, pertuse, small, 

 1 -celled, many-seeded. Very nearly allied to S. ebuloides. 



Phyteuma-like Elder. Shrub 5 feet. 



f Doubtful species, to be inquired into or excluded from the 

 order. 



16 S. ? LOUREIRIA'NA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 323.) arboreous; 

 leaves pinnate ; leaflets 5, broad-lanceolate, quite entire, gla- 

 brous, fj . H. Native of China, on the mountains. S. nigra, 

 Lour. coch. p. 181. but not of Lin. Cymes 5-parted and 3- 

 parted ; peduncles long, nearly equal. Fruit a round, small, 

 reddish-brown, 3-seeded inferior berry. The berries are used 

 by the Chinese in coldness of the extremities, as they are of a 

 heating nature, from which quality, and the quite entire leaflets, 

 it is not hkely to be a species of Sambucus, but probably a spe- 

 cies of Turpinia. 



Loureiro's Elder. Shrub 8 feet. 



17 S. ? JAPONICA (Thunb. fl. jap. p. 125.) shrubby; leaves 

 impari-pinnate, with 3-7 pairs of leaflets and an odd one ; 

 leaflets ovate, acute, cartilaginously serrated, glabrous ; flowers 

 disposed in panicled, trichotomous cymes. ^ . H. Native of 

 Japan. Ovarium superior and style filiform, for which reason 

 it ought evidently to be excluded from the genus : it is pro- 

 bably also a species of Turpinia. Stipulas none. Stigmas 

 capitate, white. 



Japan Elder. Shrub. 



18 S.? THUNBE'KGH ; shrubby; cymes 5-parted; leaves 

 somewhat bipinnate. T? . H. Native of Japan, near Naga- 

 saki and elsewhere, where it is called by the Japanese Sokuso- 

 so and Saki-Teki. Shrub perishing just above the earth every 

 year. S. Canadensis, Thunb. fl. jap. p. 126. This plant is 

 hardly known as well as the S. nigra, Thunb. 1. c. 



Thunberg's Elder. Shrub. 



Cult. All the species of elder are of the most easy culture, 

 and will thrive in any soil or situation. The perennial herba- 

 ceous species creep much at the root, and are difficult to extir- 

 pate, having once got hold in the ground. The shrubby and 

 arboreous kinds are easily increased by cuttings, stuck in the 

 ground in autumn or spring. Those species, natives of warmer 

 climates, will require a little protection in severe weather in winter. 



II. VIBU'RNUM (this name is derived, according to Vail- 

 lant, from the Latin word vieo, to tie ; on account of the plia- 

 bility of the branches of some species). Lin. gen. p. 370. 

 Gaertn. fruct. 1. t. 27. Adans. fam. 2. p. 501. Schkuhr, 



handb. t. 81. D. C. prod. 4. p. 323 O'pulus, Viburnum, and 



Tinus, Tourn. inst. p. 607. t. 376 and 377. Viburnum and 

 O'pulus, Mcench. meth. p. 505. 



LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Trigijnia. Limb of calyx small, 

 5-cleft (f. 76. a.), permanent. Corolla rotate (f. 75. a. f. 76. &.), 

 somewhat campanulate, or tubular, with a 5-lobed limb (f. 76. 6.). 

 Stamens 5, equal (f. 75. &.). Stigmas 3, sessile. Berry ovate 

 or globose, 1 seeded from abortion, crowned by the calycine 

 teeth. Seeds compressed. Shrubs. Leaves opposite, petio- 

 late. Corymbs of flowers terminal. Flowers usually white, 

 but sometimes verging to a rose colour. 



SECT. I. LENTA'GO (from lento, to make pliant ; in reference 

 to the pliability of the branches of some species). D. C. prod. 

 4. p. 324. Viburnum, Mcench. meth. p. 505. Viburnum and 

 Tinus, Tourn. 1. c. Borkh. in Room. arch. 1. p. 20. Corymbs 

 not radiant, having the flowers all fertile, and equal in shape 

 and size. Corolla rotate, or hardly somewhat bell-shaped. 

 Seed oval. 



1. Leaves quite entire or toothed. Style almost nanting ; 

 stigmas 3, sessile. 



1 V. TINUS (Lin. spec. 383.) 

 leaves ovate-oblong, quite entire, 

 permanent : having the ramifi- 

 cations of the veins beneath, as 

 well as the branchlets, furnished 

 with glandular hairs. Jj . H. 

 Native of the south of Europe, 

 in the region of the olives, and 

 of the north of Africa, as of 

 Portugal, Spain, Italy, the south 

 of France, and Algiers. Duh. 

 arb. ed. nov. 2. t. 37. Curt, 

 bot. mag. t. 38. V. lauri- 

 forme, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 363. 

 Tlnus, Tourn. inst. p. 607. t. 

 377. Tinus laurifdlius, Borkh. 



FIG. 75. 



