CAPRIFOLIACE^E. XI. VALENTIANA. XII. KARPAION. RUBIACE.&. 



453 



to the ovarium ; limb S-toothed, erect. Corolla superior, salver- 

 shaped, with a woolly throat and a 5-parted limb : the seg- 

 ments lanceolate. Anthers 5, linear, inserted in the recesses 

 between the segments of the corolla. Style equal in length to 

 the stamens ; stigma ovate-oblong. Berry ovate, umbilicate, 

 1 -seeded. A large tree, with very durable wood and spreading 

 branches. Leaves opposite, lanceolate, quite entire, glabrous. 

 Racemes axillary, short, loose. Flowers white. , 



1 A. COCHINCHINE'NSIS (Lour. 1. c.) I;.G. Native of Cochin- 

 china. The wood of this tree is white and heavy, composed of 

 thick fibres ; and is used for the purpose of forming the founda- 

 tion of bridges, being imperishable either by being under water 

 or under ground. 



Cochinchina Aidia. Tree large. 



Cult. Any common soil will suit this tree ; and cuttings will 

 be easily rooted if planted under a hand-glass. 



XI. VALENTIA'NA (meaning unknown to us). Rafin. 

 speech. 1. p. 87. D. C. prod. 4. p. 340. 



LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx adnate 

 to the ovarium ; limb 8-cleft. Corolla tubular : with a 5-cleft 

 nearly equal limb. Stamens 4, epipetalous, nearly equal. Style 

 filiform : stigma 2-lobed. Fruit 2-celled ? A twining shrub. 

 Leaves opposite, petiolate, somewhat sagittate, a little serrated, 

 acute. Flowers axillary, solitary, bibracteate ; bracteas cordate, 

 winged on the outside. This genus is said by Rafinesque to be 

 allied to Linncea, but the plant is wholly unknown to other 

 botanists. 



1 V. VOLU'BIIJS (Rafin. 1. c.) fj . ^. G. Native of Abys- 

 sinia. 



Twining Valentiana. Shrub tw. 



Cult. See Aidia, p. 452. for culture and propagation. The 

 plant is well fitted for training up the rafter in a green-house. 



XII. K ARPATON (meaning unknown to us). Rafin. fl. lud. 

 p. 78. D. C. prod. 4. p. 340. 



LIN. SYST. Diandria, Monogynia. Tube of calyx adhering to 

 the ovarium ; limb 4-toothed. Corolla tubular, 4-cleft, bila- 

 biate. Stamens 2 ; anthers 2-lobed : lobes remote. Style un- 

 der the upper lip of the corolla ; stigma simple. Capsule 

 crowned by the calyx, 1-celled? 4-seeded. Stem herbaceous? 

 angular ; branches fastigiate. Leaves opposite, sessile, oblong, 

 hastate, unequally toothed at the base, acuminated, glabrous. 

 Flowers small, sessile, disposed in whorls. According to the 

 author it is allied to Diervilla, but the genus is entirely unknown 

 to any other author. 



1 K. HASTA'TUM (Rafin. 1. c.) }/ . H. Native of Louisiana. 

 Anonyma, Rob. voy. p. 457. 



Hastate-leaved Karpaton. PL? 



Cult. This plant will grow best in a border of peat earth, 

 and may probably be increased by dividing at the root. 



ORDER CXXX. RUBIA'CE^ (this order contains plants 

 agreeing with Ilubia in important characters). Juss. gen. p. 

 196. D. C. ann. mus. 9. p. 216. prod. 4. p. 341. prop. med. ed. 



2. p. 168. Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 365. Cham, et Schlecht. in 



3. p. 220. and 310. and vol. 4. p. 1. 30. and 179. Aparines, 

 Adans. fam. 2. p. 140. Stellatas and Contortse genera of Lin. 



Tube of calyx adhering to the ovarium (f. 94. e. f. 97. g.) ; 

 limb variable, truncate (f. 93. a.), or of many lobes, usually re- 

 gular ; the sepals or lobes equal in number to the petals (f. 84. 

 c.), very rarely intermixed with accessory teeth. Corolla 

 gamopetalous, inserted in the upper part of the tube of the 



calyx, usually with a 4-5 lobed limb (f. 93. 6. f. 84. c.), rarely with 

 a 3 or 9-parted limb (f. 101. 6.) ; the tube either short (f. 84. 6.) 

 or long (f. 92. c.) ; the lobes or segments twisted or valvate in 

 aestivation. Stamens equal in number to the segments of the 

 corolla, alternating with them, and more or less adnate to its 

 tube (f. 83. g. {. 91. &.). Anthers oval, 2-celled (f. 111. c.), 

 bursting inwardly. Ovarium situated within the calyx, and ad- 

 hering to it (f. 94. e. f. 103. g.f.), usually 2 (f. 94. c.) or many 

 celled (f. 103. g.), rarely 1-celled by abortion : always crowned 

 by a fleshy urceolus, or the limb of the calyx (f. 103. _/".). Style 

 one, rising from the urceolus (f. 83. rf.) ; stigmas usually 2, 

 distinct (f. 105. c.), or more or less combined (f. 83. e.), rarely 

 more than 2. Fruit baccate (f. 107. /.), capsular (f. 95. A.), or 

 drupaceous (f.103. g.), 2 (f. 94. c.) or many celled (f. 103. g.) ; cells 

 1 -2 or many seeded. The seeds, where they are solitary in the cells, 

 are sometimes fixed by the apex, but usually by the base ; but 

 where they are numerous in the cells, they are fixed to a central 

 placenta, and are usually horizontal. Albumen large, horny or 

 fleshy. Embryo straight, or a little curved, inclosed in the middle 

 of the albumen ; with a terete radicle turned towards the 

 hilum ; and foliaceous cotyledons. Trees, shrubs, and herbs, 

 with terete'or tetragonal branches. Leaves simple, girded by a 

 marginal nerve, and therefore quite entire, opposite or verticil- 

 late, always bistipulate. Stipulas variable in cohesion and form, 

 interpetiolar or intrafoliaceous. Flowers arranged in various 

 ways, but usually in panicles or corymbs, rarely unisexual by 

 abortion. 



This well marked order is nearly allied to Composites, from 

 which its distinct stamens, bilocular, and plurilocular ovarium 

 and inflorescence, distinguish it, and consequently it participates 

 in all the relation of that extensive order. From Apocynece in 

 the aestivation of the corolla, the presence of stipulas, and the 

 inferior ovarium distinguish it, yet, according to Mr. R. Brown, 

 there exists a genus in equinoxial Africa which has the inter- 

 petiolar stipulas and seeds of Rubiacece and the superior ova- 

 rium of Apocynece, thus connecting these two orders, Congo, p. 

 448. There is a striking affinity between Rubiacece and Capri- 

 foliacece in the monopetalous tubular corolla, definite stamens, 

 inferior ovarium, and opposite leaves, which is confirmed by the 

 corolla of the latter being occasionally regular or irregular. 

 The tribe Operculariece, referred to this order by Mr. R. Brown 

 (Congo, p. 447.) and others (A. Rich. elem. ed. 4. p. 483.), is 

 remarkable for having but 1-seed, and the number of sta- 

 mens unequal to the lobes of the corolla, and therefore occupies 

 an intermediate station between the Rubiacece and Dipsacece. 

 The tribe Stellatce is distinguished from the rest of the order in 

 the stipulas being as large as the leaves, and of the same form 

 and consistence, having from 1-3 between each leaf on both sides, 

 forming with them a kind of star or whorl, from which circum- 

 stance the name stellate is applied. The leaves in this tribe can 

 only be distinguished from the stipulas by the axillary buds. 



Powerful febrifugal or emetic qualities are the grand features 

 of this order, the most efficient products of which in these two 

 respects are Quinquina and Ipecacuanha. The febrifugal pro- 

 perties depend upon the presence of a bitter tonic astringent 



