RUBIACE^E. I. NAUCLEA. II. UNCARIA. 



469 



31 N. PURPI/REA (Roxb. cor. 1. p. 41. t. 54. fl. ind. 2. p. 

 123.) sub-arboreous, glabrous; leaves petiolate, oval-oblong, 

 acuminated, smooth ; stipulas oval, obtuse, large, deciduous ; 

 peduncles terminal, solitary, or by threes, bracteate in the 

 middle ; lobes of calyx 5, clavate. Tj . S. Native of the East 

 Indies, in the moist valleys up amongst the Circar mountains. 

 Cephalanthus Chinensis, Lam. diet. 1. p. 678. exclusive of the 

 syn. of Rumph. Branches decussate. Leaves shining. Heads 

 of flowers large, purple. Capsules turbinate, dehiscing from 

 the base. Seeds imbricate, winged. 



Purple-fiov:cred Nauclea. Tree 20 feet. 



32 N. ROXBU'RGII ; shrub glabrous ; leaves roundish, obtuse, 

 cordate at the base, on long petioles ; stipulas large, oblong, 

 obtuse. \j . S. Native of the East Indies. N. stipulacea, 

 Roxb. herb. 



Roxburgh's Nauclea. Shrub. 



33 N. PEDUNCULA'RIS (Wall. cat. no. 6091.) arborescent, 

 smooth ; leaves ovate-elliptic, coriaceous, acuminated, smooth ; 

 peduncles terminal by threes, not so long as the upper pair of 

 leaves ; heads of flowers globose. 17 . S. Native of Pulo 

 Penang. N. purpurea, Roxb. herb. Flowers purplish ? 



Peduncular Nauclea. Shrub. 



34 N. CALYCINA (Bartl. in Haenke herb, ex D. C. prod. 4. 

 p. 346.) glabrous; leaves petiolate, oblong, attenuated at both 

 ends; stipulas deciduous; peduncles terminal, solitary, or by 

 threes, bearing caducous bracteas under the apex ; lobes of 

 calyx 5, clavate ; style not exserted. Jj . S. Native of the 

 Island of Luzon, one of the Philippines. Very nearly allied to 

 N, purpurea, and is probably the same, but the calyx is pale, 

 not purple, and the branches are tetragonally compressed, not 

 terete. 



Large-calyxed Nauclea. Tree 15 to 20 feet. 



35 N. STIPULA'CEA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 346.) arboreous; leaves 

 broad-obovate, glabrous, downy on the nerves on the under 

 surface, as well as on the petioles and branchlets ; stipulas ovate, 

 large, leafy ; heads of flowers globose ; corolla villous on the 

 outside ; calyx quite entire, truncate ; bracteoles or lobes of 

 calyx 5, club-shaped. Tj . S. Native of Africa, on the banks 

 of the Gambia near Albreda. N. macrophylla. Perr. et Leprieur. 

 mss. but not of Roxb. nor Blum. The dehiscence of the cap- 

 side exhibits distinct carpella within the calycine tube, which 

 is cleft lengthwise ; the segments cohering at the apex, and prop- 

 ped by 5 claviform bracteoles on the outside. 



Sltpulaceous Nauclea. Tree 20 to 40 feet ? 

 t Species not sufficiently known. 



36 N. MORIND^EFOLIA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1011.) arboreous: 

 leaves oval, acute, rounded at the base, ribbed, glabrous, bear- 

 ing depressed glands in the axils of the ribs on the under sur- 

 face ; stipulas spatulate, coloured, viscid, one half shorter than 

 the petioles. ^ . S, Native of Java, on Mount Salak. Flowers 

 unknown. 



Morinda-leaved Nauclea. Tree. 



37 N. MO'LLIS (Blum, bijdr. p. 1010.) leaves rather large, 

 oval, acute, rounded at the base, sometimes subcordate, gla- 

 brous above but rather villous beneath and on the branches ; 

 stipulas oval, obtuse, rather villous beneath. f; . S. Native of 

 Java, on Mount Salak. Flowers unknown. Allied to N. ma- 

 crophylla, Roxb. 



Soft Nauclea. Tree. 



Cult. All the species of this genus are of the most easy 

 culture. A mixture of loam, sand, and peat is the best soil for 

 them ; and cuttings root readily in the same kind of earth under 

 a hand-glass, in heat. 



II. UNCA'RIA (from uncus, a hook; the old or inferior 

 peduncles are converted into hooked axillary spines). Schreb. 



gen. no. 311. Roxb. and Wall, in fl. ind. 2. p. 125. but not of 

 Burch. D. C. prod. 4. p. 347. Nauclea, sect. ii. Blum, bijdr. 

 p. 1011. Ourouparia, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 177. Agylophora, 

 Neck, elem. no. 254. Nauclea species, Lam. Willd. Juss. and 

 Kunth. 



LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. All as in Nauclea, but 

 differs in the flowers being less crowded on the receptacle. 

 Calyx tubularly urceolate, 5-cleft. Capsules pedicellate, clavate, 

 attenuated at the base. Scandent shrubs, hanging to other 

 trees by the old peduncles, which are hooked for the purpose. 

 The greater portion are natives of India, but a few are natives 

 of America. The old or lower peduncles are converted into 

 compressed, hooked, axillary spines. Perhaps only a section of 

 the genus Nauclea. 



1 U. GA'MBIR (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 126.) branches terete; 

 leaves ovate-oblong, acute, on short petioles, smooth on both 

 surfaces ; stipulas ovate ; peduncles axillary, solitary, opposite, 

 bracteolate in the middle : the lower ones sterile, and converted 

 into hooked spines. fj . ,_,. S. Native of Pulo-Penang, Su- 

 matra, Malacca, &c. Nauclea Gambir, Hunt, in Lin. trans. 9. 

 p. 218. t. 22. Fleming in asiat. res. 11. p. 187. Smith, in 

 Rees' cycl. vol. 24. no. 7. Hayn. getr. gew. 10. t. 3. U. jas- 

 minifolia, Wall. herb. Funis uncatus angustif61ius, Rumph. 

 amb. 5. p. 63. t. 34. f. 2. and 3. The upper peduncles bear 

 each a solitary, globular head of beautiful green and pink 

 flowers. Bracteas forming a 3 or 4-cleft annular, perianth-like 

 cup, about the middle of each peduncle. Calyx silky on the 

 outside. Corollas villous on the outside, and hairy in the center 

 of the inside. Capsules pedicellate, clavate, grooved longitudi- 

 nally. Seeds imbricate, winged. Gambier is the Malay name 

 of an extract prepared from the leaves of this plant, and one of 

 the drugs, if not the only one, formerly called Terra Japonlca 

 in Europe. For the following account of the tree we are in- 

 debted to Dr. Charles Campbell of Bencoolen, who says, " This 

 material is called by the Malays gambler. It is chewed by the 

 natives, mingled with betel-leaf and areca, after the manner in 

 which the cutch is used on the continent of India. With some 

 sweetness it has a more highly concentrated astringent principle 

 than terra Japonica. I am solicitous that a trial should also be 

 made of its power in tanning. In regard to the natural history 

 of the gambler, it is procured from a climber. It is the Funis 

 uncatus, or Daun gatta gambler of Rumph. amb. 5. t. 34. The 

 variety from which it is chiefly made is that denominated by 

 Rumphius the Funis uncatus angustifblius. The preparation is 

 simple ; the young shoot and leaves are shred, and bruised in 

 water for some hours, until a feculum is deposited ; this, inspis- 

 sated in the sun to the consistence of paste, is thrown into 

 moulds of a circular form, and in this state the gambier is brought 

 to market. Rumphius has fallen into error in asserting that 

 gambier is not made from this plant ; for in my journey to Co- 

 chin-china I had an opportunity of inspecting the whole process, 

 having resided some days at a small village near the foot of the 

 mountains, where the Sultan of Moco has established a colony 

 for the purpose of carrying on the manufacture to a considerable 

 extent. The price at which it can be procured from the northern 

 parts of this coast I have ascertained to be nearly 10 dollars 

 per hundred weight ; it can be supplied in any quantity desired, 

 for the plant abounds in these districts, and the mode of elicit- 

 ing the astringent matter is such as requires neither much atten- 

 tion nor labour." But Dr. Waliich has learned that in other 

 parts to the eastward of the Bay of Bengal, the process is 

 carried on by boiling the leaves and young shoots, evaporating 

 the decoction by fire, and the heat of the sun. When suffi- 

 ciently inspissated, it is spread out thin, and cut into little 

 square cakes and dried. The same substance is mentioned by 

 Marsden in his history of Sumatra at pp. 242 and 243, who 



