RUBIACE^E. XV. EXOSTEMMA. 



481 



segments, which are induplicate in aestivation. Stamens ex- 

 serted ; anthers narrow-linear, having the cells adnate at the base. 

 Stigma undivided. Capsule 2-celIed, dehiscing at the dissepiment 

 from the apex, many-seeded. Seeds girded by an entire mem- 

 branous border. Trees or shrubs, usually glabrous. Leaves 

 oval or lanceolate, on short petioles. Stipulas solitary on each 

 side. Peduncles axillary and terminal. Flowers white or red- 

 dish. The barks of all the species are destitute of quinine and 

 cinchonine, according to St. Hilaire. 



SECT. I. PITO V NIA (the bark of some of the species is called 

 Quinquina Piton in the Antilles). D. C. prod. 4. p. 359. Limb 

 of calyx parted almost to the base into teeth of various lengths. 

 Corolla glabrous : having the tube longer than the segments. 

 Stigma undivided. Species all natives of the Caribbee Islands. 

 The bark is febrifugal, somewhat emetic, and is sold in the shops 

 under the name of Quinquina Piton of the Antilles. 



1 E. CARIB^UM (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 18.) leaves 

 ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous; pedicels axillary, 1- 

 flowered, rather shorter than the petioles ; calyx bluntly 5- 

 toothed ; style and stamens about equal in length to the corolla. 

 ^ . S. Native of the Caribbee Islands, Guadeloupe, St. Do- 

 mingo, Jamaica, Santa Cruz, &c. ; and of Mexico. Cinchona 

 Caribae'a, Jacq. amer. t. 179. f. 65. obs. 2. t. 17. Lamb. mon. 

 t. 4. Gaertn. fruct. 1 . t. 33. f. 4. Cinch6na Jamaicensis, 

 Wright, in roy. soc. trans, lond. p. 67. p. 504. t. 10. Andr. 

 bot. rep. t. 481. Flowers white, sweet-scented, about the length 

 of the leaves ; but according to Jacquin they are pale flesh- 

 coloured. Stamens, according to Andrews's figure, shorter than 

 the segments of the corolla. Dr. Wright says that the Jesuits' 

 bark of Jamaica rises only to 20 feet, with leaves of a rusty 

 green colour ; and the young buds of a bluish green hue. The 

 bark is generally smooth and grey on the outside, though in 

 some rough and scabrous, when well dried, and the inside of a 

 dark brown colour. Its flavour is at first sweet, with a mixture 

 of the taste of horse radish and of the aromatics of the East, 

 but when swallowed of that very bitterness and astringency 

 which characterises the Peruvian bark. It grows near the sea 

 shore, and is called in Jamaica Sea-side beech. 



Caribb&an Exostemma. Fl. Jn.Jul. Clt. 1780. Tr. 20 ft. 



2 E. LONGIFLO'RUM (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 18.) leaves 

 linear-lanceolate, attenuated at both ends, glabrous ; pedicels 

 axillary, very short ; teeth of calyx long, linear-lanceolate, gla- 

 brous ; corollas 3 or 4 times longer than the leaves. Pj . S. 

 Native of St. Domingo. Cinchona longiflora, Lamb. mon. p. 38. 

 t. 12. exclusive of the synonymes. Flowers white, 5 inches 

 long before expansion ; segments linear; tube very long. 



Long-flowered Exostemma. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Tree 

 20 feet? 



S E. CANE'SCENS (Bartl. in herb. Hsenke, ex D. C. prod. 4. 

 p. 359.) leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, canescent from villi 

 on both surfaces as well as on the branchlets ; peduncles axil- 

 lary, 1-flowered. J? . S. Native of Mexico. The canescent 

 down on the leaves, branches, pedicels, and young fruit distin- 

 guishes it from all the other species. Flowers unknown. Cap- 

 sule naked at the apex, not crowned by the calyx. Pedicels 

 length of fruit. 



Canescent Exostemma. Tree. 



4 E. ANGUSTIFO'LIUM (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 19.) 

 leaves linear-lanceolate, pubescent beneath, as well as on the 

 calyxes ; peduncles terminal, corymbose ; calycine teeth linear- 

 subulate. \i . S. Native of St. Domingo, on the rocky banks 

 of rivers. Cinchona angustifolia, Swartz, prod. p. 42. fl. ind. 

 occid. p. 380. act. holm. 1787. p. 117. t. 3. Lamb, cinch. 29. 

 t. 9. Capsule oblong, pentagonal. Branches and pedicels rather 

 downy. Peduncles forming a terminal corymbose panicle. Co- 



VOL. III. 



rolla glabrous, white? about the size of those of E. Caribce*um, 

 sweet-scented. 



Narrow-leaved Exostemma. Tree 10 to 15 feet. 



5 E. CORIA'CEUM (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 20.) leaves 

 ovate, scarcely acute, coriaceous, glabrous on both surfaces, 

 shining ; branches and flowers glabrous ; peduncles axillary, 

 2-3-flowered ; teeth of calyx short, acute ; corollas about the 

 length of the leaves ; capsules ovate, smooth. (7 . S. Native 

 of St. Domingo. Cinchona coriacea, Poir. diet. 6. p. 38. 

 Peduncles 2 or 3 times shorter than the leaves. Seed girded 

 by a membranous wing. Corolla glabrous, 2 inches long, with 

 a terete tube and narrow reflexed segments. Branches of pa- 

 nicle dichotomous. 



Coriaceous-leaved Exostemma. Tree. 



6 E. LINEA'TUM (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 18.) leaves 

 ovate, acuminated, and are as well as the branches and flowers 

 glabrous ; peduncles terminal, corymbose ; calycine segments 

 linear; capsule pentagonal. ^ . S. Native of St. Domingo. 

 Cinchona lineata, Vahl. symb. 2. p. 27. act. soc. hist. nat. hafn. 

 l.p. 20. t. 4. Lamb. mon. p. 26. t. 6. Panicle corymbose, 

 terminal, trichotomous. Leaves marked with lines on the upper 

 surface. Flowers an inch long, white. 



Lined-]eaved Exostemma. Tree 20 to 30 feet. 



7 E. PARVIFLO'RUM (Rich, in Humb. et Bonpl. pi. equin. 1. 

 p. 132.) leaves oval, mutic, furnished with porose glands in the 

 axils of the nerves ; petioles, branches, and peduncles pubes- 

 cent; fascicles of flowers axillary and terminal, crowded ; teeth 

 of calyx short, tj . S. Native of the Caribbee Islands. 



Small-flowered Exostemma. Tree. 



8 E. BRACHYCA'RPUM (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 19.) 

 leaves elliptic, obtuse, and are as well as the branches and 

 flowers glabrous ; peduncles terminal, corymbose ; teeth of 

 calyx short, acutish ; capsules ovate or obovate, ribbed, fj . S. 

 Native of the eastern parts of Jamaica, in shady parts 

 of mountains. Cinchona brachycarpa, Swartz, prod. p. 42. fl. 

 ind. occid. 378. Lindsay, roy. soc. trans, edinb. 1794. p. 214. 

 t. 5. Vahl, act. soc. hist. nat. hafn. 1. p. 22. Lamb, cinch, 

 p. 18. t. 8. Panicle terminal, corymbose, trichotomous. Co- 

 rolla 3-| inches long before expansion, pale red or flesh-coloured. 

 Leaves 5-6 inches long, deep green. The bark, when wounded, 

 emits a whitish juice ; which becomes of a brownish purple colour 

 on drying, and is easily reduced into a greyish purple powder, 

 which is at first sweet, but afterwards very bitter and astringent. 



Short-fruited Exostemma. Tree 20 feet. 



9 E. TRIFLO'RUM ; leaves lanceolate, obtuse, attenuated at the 

 base, quite glabrous, and shining on both surfaces ; branches 

 glabrous ; corymbs compound ; peduncles 2-3-flowered ; caly- 

 cine teeth subulate ; corolla with a very long filiform tube, and 

 long, narrow, linear, dependent segments ; capsule obovate. 



fj . S. Native of Jamaica. Cinchona triflora, Wright, in edinb. 

 med. journ. p. 240. Lamb, cinch, p. 15. It comes nearest to 

 E.jtoribundum, but differs from it in the leaves being ovate- 

 elliptic, acuminated, not attenuated at the base ; the corymbs 

 of flowers are also much larger and closer ; the teeth of the 

 calyx are shorter and broader ; the tube of the corolla is much 

 shorter and wider ; and the capsules oblong-cylindrical. 

 Three-flowered Exostemma. Tree 20 feet. 



10 E. FLORIBU'NDA (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 19.) leaves 

 elliptic, acuminated, and are as well as the branches and flowers 

 glabrous ; peduncles terminal, corymbose ; teeth of calyx short, 

 acute ; capsules turbinate, smooth, fj . S. Native of the 

 Caribbee Islands, Jamaica, Guadaloupe, St. Domingo, St. Lucia, 

 and Trinidad, in woods on the hanks of mountain streams. 

 Cinchona floribunda, Swartz, prod. p. 41. fl. ind. occid. p. 375. 

 Lamb. mon. p. 17. t. 7. Cinch6na montana, Badier. in journ. 

 phys. 1789. febr. p. 129. t. 1. Cinchona, St. Luciae, David, phil. 



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