496 



RUBIACE.E. XXXVI. GARDENIA. 



Cult. For culture and propagation see Gardenia, p. 499. 



XXXVI. GARDE'NIA (so named after Alexander Garden, 

 M.D. of Charlestown, Carolina, one of the correspondents of 

 Ellis and Linnaeus). Ellis, in Lin. gen. no. 296. Gsertn. fruct. t. 

 23. 177. 193. and 194. Blum, bijdr. p. 1014. Roxb. fl. ind. 2. 

 p. 549. D. C. prod. 4. p. 379. Gardenia and Rothmannia, 

 Thunb. Gardenia and Pinnga, Juss. Gardenia and Sahlbergia, 

 Neck. 



LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia Calyx with an ovate, 

 usually ribbed tube, and a tubular truncate, toothed (f. 93. a.), 

 cleft, or parted limb. Corolla funnel-shaped. (f. 93. b.~), or salver- 

 shaped, having the tube much longer than the calyx, and the 

 limb twisted in aestivation (f. 93. e.}, but afterwards spreading, 

 from 5-9-parted. Anthers 5-9, linear, almost sessile in the 

 throat of the corolla or exserted (f. 93. c.). Stigma clavate, 

 bifid or bidentate : lobes thick, erect. Ovarium 1-celled, half 

 divided by 2-5 incomplete dissepiments. Berry fleshy, crowned 

 by the calyx, chartaceous or nucleate inside, incompletely 2-5- 

 celled. Seeds minute, immersed in the fleshy parietal placentas. 

 Embryo albuminous. Unarmed or spinescent trees or shrubs. 

 Leaves opposite, and sometimes, though rarely, in whorls, oval 

 or ovate. Flowers axillary or terminal, usually solitary, white, 

 and generally sweet-scented. The fruit of the greater number of 

 the species not being sufficiently known, they cannot be divided 

 into proper sections. 



1 . Shrubs without prickles. Tube of calyx or ovarium rib- 

 bed. Tube of corolla cylindrical. 



1 G. FLO'RIDA (Lin. spec. p. 305.) shrubby, unarmed, erect ; 

 leaves elliptic, acute at both ends ; flowers solitary, almost ter- 

 minal, sessile, salver-shaped ; calycine segments vertical, lan- 

 ceolate-subulate, equalling the tube of the corolla in length ; 

 berry elongated, turbinate, ribbed. ^ . G. Native of China, 

 and cultivated in Japan, East Indies, the Cape of Good Hope, 

 &c. Ker, bot. reg. t. 449. G. jasminoides, Sol. phil. trans. 52. 

 t. 20. Pluk. amalth. t. 448. f. 4. Jasmmum Capense, Mill, 

 diet. no. 7. fig. t. 180. Ehret. pict. t. 15. Flowers white, sweet- 

 scented, 5-9-parted. Berry 5-6-angled, 5-6-celled at the base, 

 and 1-celled at the apex, orange coloured, size of a pigeon's 

 egg, and the pulp is used for dyeing yellow in China and Japan. 



Var. ft, jlore plena ; flowers double white, when fully blown 

 about the size of the middling rose, tj . G. This variety is 

 very frequent in gardens. G. jasminoides, Ellis in phil. trans, 

 vol. 51. t. 23. Jasminum Capense, Mill. fig. t. 180. Rumph. 

 amb. 7. t. 14. f. 2. 



Flowering Gardenia or Cape Jasmine. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 

 1754. Shrub 2 to 6 feet. 



2 G. RADICANS (Thunb. diss. gard. no. 1. t. 1. f. 1.) shrubby, 

 unarmed ; stems radicant ; leaves lanceolate ; flowers solitary, 

 almost terminal, and nearly sessile, salver-shaped ; segments of 

 the calyx vertical, linear-subulate, equal in length to the tube of 

 the corolla. Pj . G. Native of Japan, and cultivated in the 

 East Indies, and at the Cape of Good Hope. Thunb. fl. jap. 

 t. 20. Ker, bot. reg. t. 73. Andr. bot. rep. t. 491. Flowers 

 while, very fragrant. 



Rooting Gardenia or Cape Jasmine. Fl. March, June. Clt. 

 1804. PI. 1 to 2 feet, 



3 G. ANGUSTIFO'LIA (Lodd. bot. cab. 512.) very like G.fimida, 

 from which it chiefly differs in being smaller, with narrower 

 leaves. >j . S. Native country unknown. Flowers white, 

 sweet-scented. 



Narrow-leaved Gardenia. Fl. July. Clt. 1823. Shrub 3 ft. 

 G. TOMENTOSA (Blum. mss. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 379.) un- 

 armed ; branchlets, leaves, and calyxes clothed with velvety to- 

 mentum ; leaves obovate-cuneated ; flowers terminal, sessile, 



solitary; tube of calyx angularly ribbed: calycine teeth 10, 

 subulate, short. ^ S. Native of the island of Java. Lobes 

 of corolla 10, obovate-oblong ; tube hardly longer than the 

 calyx. Flowers white, sweet-scented. Fruit unknown. 

 Tomentose Gardenia. Shrub. 



5 G. CALYCULA'TA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 550.) arboreous, un- 

 armed ; leaves ovate, petiolate, acuminated, smooth ; flowers ter- 

 minal, solitary, sessile, involucrated ; calycine segments ensi- 

 form ; anthers inclosed within the tube of the corolla. ^. S. 

 Native of the East Indies. Flowers large, white, fragrant, 

 5-parted. 



Calyculate Gardenia. Tree. 



6 G. COSTA'TA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 550.) arboreous, unarmed; 

 leaves cuneiform-oblong, smooth, ribbed ; flowers terminal, sal- 

 ver-shaped ; calycine segments resiniferous, caducous ; berry 

 drupaceous, oval, 5- ribbed, 1-celled, containing a 2-valved 

 shell ; placentas 2, opposite, tj . S. Native of the mountainous 

 parts of India ; from those of Chittagong it has been introduced 

 to the botanic garden of Calcutta. G. coronaria, Hamilt. in 

 Symes. emb. to Ava, p. 474. with a figure. Flowers large, 

 white, sweet-scented, the tube being above 3 inches long, and 

 the border above 4 in diameter ; limb 5-parted. Berry yellow, 

 containing a soft and rather fetid pulp. 



Ribbed-fruited Gardenia. Tree 20 feet. 



7 G. CARINA TA (Wall, in Rc*b. fl. ind. 2. p. 560.) arbore- 

 ous, unarmed, resinous on the younger parts ; leaves elliptic- 

 obovate, ribbed, villous beneath ; flowers terminal, solitary ; 

 limb of calyx truncate, broad, obscurely 5-lobed, and 5-keeled ; 

 tube of corolla very long : limb 6-8-lobed. Jj . S. Native of 

 Penang, where it grows on the hills. Flowers smaller than those 

 of G. costata, at first snow white, but afterwards yellow, becom- 

 ing when dry of a beautiful orange colour. Fruit precisely as in 

 G. costata. 



AeeM-calyxed Gardenia. Tree. 



8 G.GRANDIFLORA (Lour, coch. p. 147.) arboreous, unarmed; 

 leaves lanceolate, shining ; flowers solitary, lateral, and terminal, 

 hexamerous ; segments of the calyx reflexedly-falcate ; corolla 

 salver-shaped, 6-parted ; berry oblong, acute at both ends. Ij . 

 G. Native of Cochinchina, on the banks of rivers. Blum, 

 bijdr. p. 1013. Flowers large, white, sweet-scented. Berry 

 hexagonal, 1-celled, glabrous, yellow. Seeds nestling in red 

 pulp. Anthers 6, rarely 5-7. 



Great-jlomered Gardenia. Tree middle-sized. 



9 G. TAITE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 380.) unarmed, glabrous, 

 resinous at the tops of the branches ; leaves obovate, almost 

 sessile ; stipulas broad, connate, permanent, short-acuminated ; 

 flowers solitary, in the axils of the upper leaves, pedicellate ; 

 tube of calyx angular : limb 3-4-parted, with vertical-oblong 

 foliaceous lobes ; corolla with a long terete tube, and a 5-7- 

 parted limb. Tj . G. Native of the island of Tahiti, where it 

 was collected by D'Urville. Lobes of calyx fewer by abortion 

 than the lobes of the corolla. Stigma bifid, the lobes long, and 

 acute. Fruit unknown. 



Tahiti Gardenia. Shrub. 



10 G. MARU'BA (Siebold, in Blum, bijdr. p. 1013.) unarmed ; 

 leaves opposite, or 3 in a whorl, obovate, coriaceous, glabrous ; 

 calyx angular, 5-cleft : segments subulate, .spreading. Jj . G. 

 Native of Japan. The rest unknown. 



Maruba Gardenia. Tree. 



11 G. SULCA'TA (Gsertn. fil. carp. 3. p. 79. t. 194.) berry ob- 

 ovate or elliptic, attenuated at the base, angular from obtuse 

 furrows, 1-celled ; seeds imbedded in the pulp, Tj . G. Native 

 country unknown. Perhaps allied to G.Jlorida. 



Furromed-fruhed Gardenia. Shrub. 



2. Unarmed shrubs or trees. Tube of calyx or ovarium not 



1 



