. CLXVIII. COFFEA. 



581 



is unavailing, it forms one of the best vehicles for the adminis- 

 tration of laudanum. It diminishes in some degree the hypnotic 

 power of the latter, but counteracts its distressing secondary 

 effects. When laudanum is intermixed with strong coffee for 

 the cure of many modifications of head-ache, tranquillity and 

 ease are produced, though there may be no sleep ; when lauda- 

 num, on the contrary, is taken alone, sleep will, perhaps, follow, 

 but is mostly succeeded by nausea and a return of pain. Hence 

 the Turks and Arabians make strong coffee their common vehicle 

 for opium, from its tendency to counteract the narcotic principle 

 of the latter ; and on the same account it is plentifully adminis- 

 tered after the stomach has been evacuated of its contents, in 

 cases of poisoning by opium. 



For common purposes, infusion of coffee is the most agreeable 

 method of preparing it, as the aromatic and volatile principles 

 are dissipated by boilng. 



Coffee is named by the Persians Cohiva and Coho ; by the 

 Turks, Chaitbe and Cahve.y ; by the Arabians, Cachua, Caoua, 

 Caffaye, and Cahouah ; and by the Egyptians, Eleave. In Ger- 

 many it is called Arabische Kafferbaum ; in Cochin China, Cay- 

 caphe. 



The Galla, a wandering nation of Africa, in their incursions 

 in Abyssinia, being obliged to traverse immense deserts, and 

 being also desirous of falling on the Abyssinians without warn- 

 ing, that they may be encumbered as little as possible with bag- 

 gage, carry nothing with them to eat, but coffee roasted till it 

 can be pulverized, and then mixed with butter into balls, and 

 put into a leathern bag : one of these, about the size of a bil- 

 liard-ball, keeps them, they say, in strength and spirits during a 

 whole day's fatigue, better than a loaf of bread, or a meal of 

 meat. 



Arabian or Common Coffee-tree. Fl. Aug. Nov. Clt. 1696. 

 Shrub 5 to 15 feet. 



2 C. MAURITIA'NA (Lam. olct. 1. p. 550. ill. t. 160. f. 2.) 

 leaves oval, acute at both ends, reticulately veined ; peduncles 

 axillary, solitary, 1 -flowered, very short; berries oblong, acute 

 at the base, f? . S. Native of the Island of Bourbon, in the 

 woods. C. Arabica fi, Willd. spec. 1. p. 974. C. sylvestris, 

 Willd. mss. in Rcem. et Schultes, syst. .5. p. 201. Flowers 

 white. This species is known in the Island of Bourbon under 

 the name of Cafe-Marron, but should not be confounded with the 

 variety of C. Arabica, known in commerce under the name of 

 Cafe Bourbon, or Bourbon Coffee. 



Mauritian Coffee-tree. Shrub 4 to 5 feet. 



3 C. BENGHALE'NSIS (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 15. fl. ind. 2. p. 

 1 94.) leaves oval-oblong, acuminated at both ends ; flowers axil- 

 lary, rather aggregate, sessile ; stipulas undivided, subulate, 

 much acuminated ; corolla 5-cleft, with oblong lobes ; anthers 

 inclosed. Tj . S. Native of Bengal, but chiefly about Silhet ; 

 and of Nipaul. Roth. nov. spec. 148. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. 

 p. 200. Branches so placed as to form a bush of a pyramidal 

 form. Leaves from ovate to oblong, glabrous. Flowers 1-3 

 together or more, axillary, white, sweet-scented. Berry black, 

 size of a small cherry. It was for some time much cultivated 

 in Bengal, under the idea of its being the Arabian Coffee ; it is 

 now neglected, being of inferior quality, and not productive ; 

 however, the number of its flowers entitle it to a conspicuous 

 place in the flower-garden. 



Bengal Coffee-tree. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 



4 C.' STENOPHY'LLA ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated; 

 peduncles almost sessile, axillary, 2-3-flowered. >? . S. Native 

 of Sierra Leone, where it is cultivated. Flowers white. Ber- 

 ries oblong, black. The seeds of this species are roasted and 

 used as the common coffee, and are even considered superior 

 to it. 



Narrow-leaved Coffee-tree. Slirub 4 to 6 feet. 



5 C. HIRSU'TUS ; leaves ovate, acuminated, on short petioles ; 

 young branches, petioles, and veins of leaves hairy ; peduncles 

 axillary, 3-flowered. Ij . S. Native of Sierra Leone, in the low 

 lands. Flowers white. 



Hairy Coffee-tree. Shrub 4 to 5 feet. 



S C.I MICROCA'RPA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 499.) leaves elliptic- 

 oblong, short-acuminated, and are, as well as the branches, quite 

 glabrous ; flowers in fascicles along the branches, after the fall- 

 ing of the leaves, and therefore they appear as if they were dis- 

 posed in interrupted racemes, but in fact the flowers are merely 

 in fascicles from the axils of the fallen leaves ; fruit elliptic, 3 

 times longer than their pedicels, and crowned by the cup-shaped 

 limb of the calyx. ^ S- Native of Africa in Casamancia, 

 in woods, at Cape Rouge, where it was collected by Perrottet 

 and Leprieur. Leaves 2^ inches long, and 8-9 lines broad. 

 Stipulas solitary, undivided, acuminately subulate, deciduous. 

 Flowers white. 



Small-fruited Coffee-tree. Shrub 4 to 5 feet. 



7 C. LAURINA (Smeathm. in herb. .L'Her. et D. C. prod. 4. 

 p. 499.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, mucronate, cuneated at the 

 base, coriaceous, quite glabrous ; racemes axillary, crowded with 

 flowers, much shorter than the leaves ; corolla 5-cleft, with a 

 villous throat ; anthers exserted, but rather shorter than the 

 lobes of the corolla ; berries globose. ^ S. Native of Sierra 

 Leone. Poir. suppl. 2. p. 14. Leaves yellowish in the dried 

 state. Calyx truncate. Corollas whitel 



Laurel-like Coffee-tree. Shrub 4 to 5 feet. 



8 C. ? STIPULA V CEA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 492.) leaves elliptic or 

 oblong, petiolate, acuminated at both ends ; stipulas foliaceous, 

 oblong, acute, striated lengthwise, deciduous ; peduncles axil- 

 lary, very long, corymbose at the apex, trichotomous. f? S. 

 Native of French Guiana, where it was collected by Patris. 

 Limb of calyx obscurely but acutely 5 -toothed. Flowers un- 

 known. Berries ovate, not crowned. Peduncles 6 inches 

 long. 



Slipulaceom Coffee-tree. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 



9 C. PEDUNCULA'TA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 195.) leaves elliptic, 

 almost sessile, smooth ; peduncles terminal and axillary, in fasci- 

 cles, long, 1 -flowered ; tube of the corolla slender, smooth; 

 stamens inclosed. Jj . S. Native of the Moluccas. 



Pedunculated Coffee-tree. Shrub. 



* * Peduncles axillary. Flowers telramerous and tetrandrous. 

 Ixora species, Spreng. 



10 C. GUIANE'NSIS (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 150. t. 57.) leaves 

 ovate-oblong, bluntly acuminated, quite glabrous ; peduncles 

 axillary, aggregate, very short, 1 -flowered; corollas 4-cleft, with 

 acute lobes ; anthers inclosed ; berries globose, small, f? . S. 

 Native of French Guiana, and of the Island of Trinidad, ex 

 Sieb. fl. trin. no. 44. Ixora Guianensis, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 

 409. Flowers small, white. Berries violaceous. 



Guiana Coffee-tree. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 



1 1 C. ROSEA (Moc. et Sesse. fl. mex. icon. ind. ex D. C. 

 prod. 4. p. 499.) leaves oval-oblong, acuminated at both ends, 

 glabrous ; peduncles axillary, 5-flowered, much shorter than the 

 leaves ; corollas 4-cleft, with revolute lobes ; anthers exserted ; 

 berries globose. J? S. Native of Mexico. Corollas rose- 

 coloured. Berries reddish, size of a pea. 



.ftose-coloured- flowered Coffee-tree. Shrub 4 to- 6 feet. 



12 C. OBOVA'TA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea, 6. p. 412.) 

 glabrous ; leaves obovate, cuneated, acuminated, acute, feather- 

 veined ; cymes axillary, almost sessile, aggregate, short, many- 

 flowered ; stipulas ovate-triangular, caducous. Tj . S. Native 

 of Mexico, in shady places, near Masantla. Leaves half a foot 

 long. Tube of the calyx ovate, with short acute teeth. Corolla 

 with a short tube and a naked throat. Anthers linear, exserted. 



