RUBIACE^E. CLXXXII. CEPHALANTHUS. 



610 



CLXXX1I. CEPHALA'NTHUS (from K^a\r,, kephale, a 

 head, and avQoy, anthos, a flower; in allusion to the flowers 

 being disposed in globular heads). Lin. gen. no. 113. Gsertn. 

 fruct. 2. t. 86. Lam. ill. t. 59. Juss. mem. mus. 6. p. 402. 

 Rich. diss. with a figure. D. C. prod. 4. p. 538. 



LIN. SYST. Tetrandria, Monogynia. Calyx with an obversely 

 pyramidal tube, and an angular 4-toothed limb. Corolla with a 

 slender tube, and a 4-cleft limb ; lobes erectish. Stamens 4, 

 short, inserted in the upper part of the tube, hardly exserted. 

 Style much exserted ; stigma capitate. Fruit inversely pyra- 

 midal, nrowned by the limb of the calyx, 2-4? celled, and sepa- 

 rating into 2-4 ? parts ; cells or parts 1 -seeded, indehiscent, and 

 sometimes empty by abortion. Seeds oblong, terminating in a 

 little callous bladder. Albumen somewhat cartilaginous. Em- 

 bryo inverted in the albumen, with a superior radicle. Shrubs, 

 with terete branches. Leaves opposite or 3 in a whorl. Stipulas 

 short, distinct, or a little combined. Peduncles naked, rising 

 from the axils of the upper leaves, or from the tops of the 

 branches. Heads globose, in consequence of the flowers being 

 sessile, and seated on a spherical piliferous receptacle. This 

 genus is badly defined, and should probably be reduced to the 

 American species, which have the fruit 2-celled and 2-seeded, 

 and the rest should probably be thrown back into the genus 

 Spermacbce. 



SECT. I. PCATANOCE'PHALUS (from trXaravoc, platanos, the 

 plane-tree, and KfQaXri, kephale, a head ; the heads of flowers 

 resemble those of the plane-tree). D. C. prod. 4. p. 538. 

 Platanocephalus, Vaill. act. acad. par. 1722. Glands none in 

 the calyx nor corolla. American species. 



1 C. OCCIDENTALS (Lin. spec. 138.) leaves opposite or 3 in 

 a whorl, ovate or oval, acuminated ; peduncles much longer than 

 the heads, usually by threes at the tops of the branches. Fj . S. 

 Native of North America, from Canada to Florida, in marshy 

 places. Duham. arb. 1. t. 54. Schkuhr, handb. t. 21. and t. 5. 

 b. fruit. Lois. herb. amat. t. 272. Pluk. aim. 336. t. 77. f. 4. 

 C. oppositif61ius, Mcench. meth. p. 487. Petioles reddish next 

 the branches. Heads of flowers globular, size of a marble. 

 Flowers whitish-yellow. There are varieties of this species hav- 

 ing the branchlets and young leaves either glabrous or downy. 



Var. fi, brachypodus (D. C. prod. 4. p. 539.) leaves elliptic- 

 oblong, 3 in a whorl, on short petioles, fj . G. Native of the 

 North of Mexico, near Rio de la Trinite and Bejar, where it was 

 collected by Berlandier. Petioles 3-4 lines long. There are 

 varieties of this with either glabrous or downy branches. 



Western Button-wood. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1735. Shrub 

 6 to 8 feet. 



2 C. SARA'NDI (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnsea. 2. p. 610. and 

 4. p. 147.) leaves opposite or 3 in a whorl, oblong, acuminated, 

 on very short petioles ; peduncles hardly longer than the heads, 

 3-5-together at the tops of the branches. Jj . S. Native of the 

 south of Brazil, where it is called Sarandi by the natives, and 

 where it was collected by Sello ; common on the coasts of La Plata 

 andCaraccas; and of Peru, ex Haenke. Buddlea glabrata, Spreng. 

 syst. 1. p. 431. ex Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnsea. Glabrous. 

 Leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, red beneath while young, 

 and hairy in the axils of the secondary veins. Heads of flowers 

 verticillate in the axils of the upper leaves, and umbellate at the 

 tops of the branches, much smaller than those of the first species. 



Sarandi Button-wood. Shrub 10 to 15 feet. 



3 C. SALICIFOLIUS (Humb. et Bonpl. pi. equin. 2. p. 63. t. 98.) 

 leaves opposite or 3 in a whorl, linear-lanceolate, on very short 

 petioles ; heads of flowers on long peduncles, terminal, solitary. 



fj . S. Native of Mexico, near Acapulco. Stipulas linear-su- 

 buhite, permanent, twin on both sides. Heads of flowers white. 

 Willow-leaved Button- wood. Shrub 10 feet. 



SECT. II. NAUCLEOIDES (from Nauclea and idea, like ; the 

 species resemble species of the genus Nauclea), D. C. prod. 4. 

 p. 539. Glands in the recesses between the lobes of the calyx 

 and corolla. Indian species. 



4 C. NAUCLEOIDES (D. C. prod. 4. p. 539.) leaves opposite or 

 3-4 in a whorl, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, on short petioles, 

 villous beneath, and on the branchlets ; Stipulas intrafoliaceous, 

 acuminated ; heads terminal, subverticillate. ^ . S. Native of 

 the East Indies, in Silhet. Nauclea tetrandra, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. 

 p. 125. Peduncles terminal, from 3 to 4 in whorled panicles. 

 Flowers yellow, intermixed with filiform clavate scales. Capsules 

 turbinate, 2-celled, 2-seeded ; the cells 2-valved. According to 

 Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 4. p. 147. this species is more 

 nearly allied to Cephalanthus than to Nauclea, from the tetrame- 

 rous flowers, and single seeded cells of the fruit. 



Nauclea-like Button-wood. Tree 10 to 20 feet. 



t Asiatic species not sufficiently known, and probably ought to 

 be excluded from the genus altogether. 



5 C.I PILU'LIFER (Lam. diet. 1. p. 679.) leaves opposite, ap- 

 proximate, ovate, bluntly acuminated, smooth on very short 

 petioles ; peduncles axillary, leafy, a little shorter than the 

 leaves. f? . S. Native of the East Indies. Fruit and number 

 of the parts of the flowers unknown. Leaves hardly 2 inches 

 long. Heads of flowers hardly the size of peas. 



Pill-bearing Button-wood. Shrub. 



6 C. ? PILULIFL6RUS (Willd. mss. in Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 

 3. p. 525.) leaves elliptic, tapering to both ends, bluntish ; heads 

 of flowers terminal and axillary, numerous, tj . S. Native of 

 Asia. The rest unknown. 



Pill-flowered Button-wood. Shrub. 



7 C. ? ORIENTA'LIS (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 105. but 

 not of Lin.) arboreous ; leaves opposite or 3 in a whorl, ovate, 

 acuminated, reflexed, glabrous ; peduncles terminal, divided ; 

 fruit baccate. (7.8. Native of China. C. occidentalis, Lour, 

 coch. p. 67. but not of Lin. Acrodryon orientale, Spreng. syst. 

 1. p. 386. A large tree. Flowers white, tetramerous, and 

 tetrandrous. Berries 1-seeded, red, edible. Perhaps a species 

 of Mormda. According to Sprengel, this with the following 

 species will constitute a distinct genus, which he has called 

 Acrodryon. 



Eastern Button-wood. Tree large. 



8 C. ? ANGUSTIFOLIUS (Lour. coch. p. 67.) arboreous ; leaves 

 opposite, lanceolate-linear ; heads of flowers terminal ; lobes of 

 calyx subulate, beset with glandular hairs ; fruit baccate. Tj . G. 

 Native of Cochin-china. Acrodryon angustifolium, Spreng. syst. 

 1. p. 386. Receptacle of flowers villous. Flowers pale, tetra- 

 merous and tetrandrous. Berries roundish, crowned, 2-celled, 

 1-seeded, aggregate into a globose head. Perhaps a species of 

 Morinda, or perhaps will form a distinct genus along with the 

 preceding species. 



Narrow-leaved Button-wood. Tree. 



j" )" The two following species should be removed from the 

 order altogether. 



9 C. ? PROCU'MBENS (Lour. coch. p, 67.) stem procumbent ; 

 leaves alternate, ovate-lanceolate, tomentose ; racemes terminal, 

 interrupted; flowers 5-cleft, dioecious. fy. G. Native of 

 Cochinchina. Stilbe procumbens, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 418. 

 Flowers violaceous. The female flowers on a naked globular 

 receptacle. Flowers numerous, on long peduncles, forming a 

 ball or head. Stigma simple. This plant ought evidently to be 

 excluded from the order, but it is hardly a species of Stilbe. 



Procumbent Button-wood. Shrub procumbent. 

 1 



