RUBIACE^E. CCXI. AMBRARIA. CCXII. SHERARDIA. CCXIII. ASPERULA. 



637 



at length imbricated and deciduous. Stipulas hardly prominent, 

 ciliated. Flowers axillary, verticillate. According to Cham, et 

 Schlecht. Cliffortia cinerea, Lin. is a synonyme of this. 



Hairy Ambraria. Shrub \ to % foot. 



2 A. GLA'BRA (Cruse, rub. cap. p. 17. t. 1. f. 3.) leaves 3 in 

 a whorl, connately perfoliate ; fruit obovately subglobose, gla- 

 brous. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Nenax 

 acerbsa, Gaertn. fruct. t. 32. f. 7. Young branches reddish. 

 Leaves linear, subtriquetrous, glabrous, serrulately ciliated on 

 the margin and keel, 3-6 lines long, and to 1 broad. Flowers 

 axillary, subverticillate. 



Glabrous Ambraria. Shrub \ to -J foot. 



Cult. See Phyllis, p. 635. for culture and propagation. 



Tribe XII. 



STELLA v Tj (from stellatus, starry ; the leaves and stipu- 

 las form whorles, resembling the rays of a star). Ray, syn. p. 

 223. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 220. D. C. prod. 4. 

 p. 580. Aparmeae, Link, (1809). Galeae, Kunth, nov. gen. 

 amer. (1818) 3. p. 335. Asperuleae, A. Rich. mem. soc. hist, 

 nat. Par. (1830) 5. p. 126. Flowers hermaphrodite, rarely of 

 different sexes. Corolla rotate or funnel-shaped ; lobes valvate 

 in aestivation. Styles 2, almost distinct from the base, or more 

 or less combined in one. Stigmas capitate. Fruit constantly 

 of 2 indehiscent 1 -seeded mericarps. Seeds hardly distinct 

 from the pericarp and calyx. Albumen horny. Usually herbs, 

 rarely small shrubs. Leaves opposite, bearing each a bud in the 

 axils, furnished with 1-2 or 3 leaf-formed stipulas between the 

 leaves on both sides, which are destitute of buds, and form 

 whorles along with them. Roots usually red, furnishing a red 

 dye, as the madder. The leaves are only to be distinguished 

 from the stipulas in having buds in their axils. 



CCXII. SHERA'RDIA (named by Dillenius after his patron 

 William Sherard, LL.D., consul at Smyrna). Dill. gen. 3. Lin. 

 gen. no. 120. Gsertn. fruct. 1. p. 110. t. 24. A. Rich. mem. 

 soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 129. D. C. prod. 4. p. 581. Dillenia, 

 Heister. Aparines spec. Tourn. 



LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Calyx with an ovate tube, 

 and a 4-6-toothed permanent limb. Corolla funnel-shaped, with 

 a terete tube, and a 4-lobed limb. Stamens 4. Style 1, 2-lobed 

 at the apex ; stigmas capitellate. Fruit dry, crowned by the 

 calyx, divisible into two mericarps; mericarps 1 -seeded, inde- 

 hiscent, flat on one side, and convex on the other. An annual 

 herb, native of Europe. Leaves opposite, with 1-2 stipulas on 

 each side, obovate, acute, scabrous, forming whorles. Flowers 

 small, red, capitate, almost sessile, girded or involucrated by 

 the uppermost whorl of leaves. 



1 S. ARVE'NSIS (Lin. spec. p. ]49.) Q. H. Native of Europe 

 and Tauria, very common in fields in sandy soil ; plentiful in 

 many parts of Britain in fallow fields and among corn. Fl. dan. 

 t. 439. Curt. lond. 5. t. 13. Smith, engl. hot. t. 891. Schkuhr, 

 handb. t. 22. Barrel, icon. t. 541. Root with many reddish 

 brown fibres. The whole plant rough and hairy. Leaves rough 

 along the edges and keel, 4-6 in a whorl. 



Corn Field-madder. Fl. April, Sept. Britain. PL - to ^ ft. 



N. B. Sherardia fruticosa (Lin. spec. 149.) stem shrubby ; 

 leaves 4 in a whorl, equal; flowers axillary, fj . G. Native of 

 the island of Ascension. Stipulas very short, subulate, interfo- 

 liaceous. Corolla white. Fruit unknown. This plant appears 

 to be intermediate between Diodia and Spermacoce. 



Cult. The seeds only require to be sown in the open ground 

 in a dry situation. 



CCXIII. ASPE'RULA (a dim. of asper, rough ; leaves). 

 Lin. gen. no. 121. Juss. gen. 196. Lam. ill. t. 61. Gsertn. fil. 



carp. 3. p. 89. t. 195. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 

 130. t. 11. f. 1. D. C. prod. 4. p. 581. 



LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia, Calyx with an ovate 

 didymous tube, and a very short 4-toothed deciduous or ob- 

 solete limb. Corolla funnel-shaped, rarely campanulate, 4- 

 cleft, rarely 3-cleft. Styles 2, joined together at the base, and 

 nearly to the apex. Fruit didymous, not crowned by the calyx, 

 dry, or hardly fleshy ; mericarps easily separated, indehiscent, 

 1-seeded. Herbs, rarely small shrubs. Stems and branches 

 usually tetragonal. Leaves opposite, with 1-2-3 stipulas on each 

 side ; they are therefore called 4 to 8 in a whorl, but between 

 the uppermost leaves there are no stipulas. Flowers terminal 

 and axillary, in fascicles. 



1. Sherardiana (this section only contains plants with the 

 habit of Sherardia). B.C. prod. 4. p. 581. Annual plants. 

 Corollas tubularly funnel-shaped. 



1 A. ARVE'NSIS (Lin. spec. p. 149.) plant erect, smoothish ; 

 leaves 6-10 in a whorl, lanceolate-linear, a little ciliated ; lower 

 ones obovate : floral ones ciliated with long hairs ; corymbs fas- 

 cicled, terminal, many flowered ; flowers sessile ; fruit glabrous. 

 O- H. Native of Europe and Caucasus, in fields and arid 

 stony places. A. cceriilea, Dod. pempt. p. 355. Lob. icon. t. 

 801. f. 2. A. ciliata, Mosnch. meth. p. 484. A. dubia, Willd. 

 herb, ex Spreng. Roots yellow. Under surface of leaves whitish 

 from adpressed hairs. This differs from all the other species of 

 Asperula in the flowers being blue. It differs from Sherardia 

 in the capsule not being crowned by the calyx, in the blunter 

 leaves, and in the floral leaves being ciliated. Anthers yellow. 



Cornfald Woodroof. Fl. July. Clt. 1596. PI. | to 1 foot. 



2 A. CILIA'RIS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 582.) stems ascending, an- 

 gular, glabrous ; leaves 6-9 in a whorl, lanceolate-linear, acute, 

 and are as well as the bracteas, serrated by stiff ciliae ; flowers 

 almost sessile, disposed in a terminal subumbellate corymb, pen- 

 tandrous ; style exserted. Native of Persia, where it was col- 

 lected by Gmelin. Corollas glabrous, 5-6 lines long. Stamens 5. 



Ciliated-leaved Woodroof. PI. ascending. 



3 A. TRICHO V DES (Gay, in litt. 1829. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 582.) 

 stems erect, simple at the base, branched at the apex, glabrous ; 

 leaves glabrous, subulately filiform, equal in length to the inter- 

 nodes : cauline ones 10-16 in a whorl, and the rameal ones 2-6 

 in a whorl ; pedicels solitary, almost axillary ; corollas small, 

 downy outside, trifid ; fruit obovate, clothed with very short 

 down. Q. H. Native of the north of Persia. Stem very 

 smooth, white, 7-10 inches high. Leaves an inch long, scabrous. 

 Corolla greenish-white, with a slender terete tube, and oblong 

 awnless lobes. Stamens 3. 



Hairy Woodroof. PI. | to 1 foot. 



2. Cyn&nchicce (this section agrees with A. cyndnchica in the 

 corollas being funnel-shaped). D. C. prod. 4. p. 582. Plants 

 perennial. Corollas tubularly funnel-shaped. 



4 A. TAURI'NA (Lin. spec. 150.) plant smoothish, erect; 

 leaves 4 in a whorl, ovate-lanceolate, 3-nerved, with finely 

 ciliated margins ; corymbs pedunculate, axillary, fasciculately 

 umbellate, involucrated ; bracteas ciliated ; fruit glabrous, and 

 rather scabrous. If.. H. Native ofDauphiny, Piedmont, Swit- 

 zerland, Carniola, Iberia, &c. on hills in shady places. A. tri- 

 nervia, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 376. Galium Taurinum, Scop. earn, 

 no. 148. Lob. icon. t. 800. f. 1. Moris, hist. sect. 9. t. 21. 

 f. 1.. Hall. helv. no. 732. Leaves broad. Corollas white, 

 elongated. Anthers violaceous, exserted. 



Bull Woodroof. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1739. PI. 1 foot. 



5 A. LJEVIGA'TA (Lin. mant. p. 38.) plant glabrous, ascending; 

 leaves 4 in a whorl, elliptic, nerved, with finely scabrous mar- 

 gins ; cymes corymbose, pedunculate, axillary or nearly terminal; 

 corolla with a short tube ; fruit glabrous, scabrous from elevated 



