640 



RUBIACEJE. CCXIII. ASPERULA. CCXIV. CRUCIANELLA. 



leaves 8 in a whorl, linear-lanceolate, deflexed, with rather sca- 

 brous margins ; panicles capillary, many-flowered ; fruit smooth. 

 If.. H. Native of Turkey, about Constantinople. Flowers 

 white, campanulately funnel-shaped. Habit of a species of Galium. 

 Long-leaved Woodroof. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 3 

 feet, diffuse. 



32 A. ODORA'TA (Dod. pempt. p. 355.) plant glabrous, erect, 

 or ascending ; stems simple ; leaves 8 in a whorl, lanceolate, 

 smooth, with serrulately scabrous edges ; corymbs terminal, 

 pedunculate ; fruit hispid. 7/ . H. Native of Europe, Si- 

 beria, and Caucasus, in shady places and woods ; plentiful in 

 Britain. (Ed. fl. dan. t. 562. Lam. ill. t. 61. Mill. fig. t. 55. 

 Smith, eng. bot. t. 755. Blackw. t. 60. Galium odoratum, 

 Scop. earn. no. 158. Root creeping a little below the surface 

 of the soil. Stems tetragonal. Corymbs usually trifid, each 

 division bearing about 4 flowers. Flowers snowy white. The 

 plant is without scent when fresh, but when dried diffuses an 

 odour like that of vernal grass. It is said to give a grateful 

 flavour to wine ; and when kept among clothes, not only to im- 

 part an agreeable perfume to them, but to preserve them from 

 insects. Turner calls the plant Wood-rose, or Wood-rowel. 

 Gerard, Woodrowe, Woodronell, and Woodrooffe ; and Parkin- 

 son, Woodroofe. In modern times it is called Woodroof, or 

 Woodruff. These names are derived from the place of its natural 

 growth, in woods, and from the whorles, ruffs, or rowels of 

 leaves. 



Sweet-scented or common Woodroof. Fl. May, June, Britain. 

 PI. | to | foot. 



33 A. APARINE (Bieb. fl. taur. p. 102. and suppl. 105. Bess, 

 fl. gall. 1. p. 114.) branches diffuse, straggling, with scabrous 

 angles ; leaves 6-8 in a whorl, oblong or lanceolate, scabrous, 

 having the keel and margins beset with small retrograde 

 prickles ; peduncles axillary, branched, disposed in a loose fasci- 

 culate panicle ; corolla short, tubular ; fruit granular. H.. H. 

 Native of Galicia, Tauria, Caucasus, Volhynia, Russia at Mos- 

 cow, Siberia, and Greece, in boggy, grassy places. Rchb. pi. 

 crit. 1. t. 93. f. 198. Galium uliginosum, Pall. ind. taur. Asp. 

 rivalis, Sibth. and Smith, fl. greec. 1. 117. Angles of stems sca- 

 brous from retrograde prickles. Flowers white, campanulately 

 funnel-shaped. Very much the habit of Galium aparine, but 

 stronger. Herb scabrous all over. 



Cleavers' Woodroof. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. strag- 



g'ing- 



34 A. PANICULA'TA (Bunge in Ledeb. fl. alt. ill. t. 301. fl. alt. 

 1. p. 140.) stems tetragonal, glabrous; lower leaves 4 in a 

 whorl : the rest 6, oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, with scabrous 

 margins ; flowers terminal and axillary, panicled ; panicle dif- 

 fuse; corollas campanulate ; fruit smooth. I/. H. Native of 

 Siberia, in grassy parts of mountains at the rivers Tscharysch 

 and Sentelek, and in sandy places at the river Katunja. Leaves 

 rather glaucous beneath. Corollas white, with obtuse seg- 

 ments. 



Panicled-fiowered Woodroof. PI. 1 foot. 



35 A. SUBVELTJTINA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 585.) stems many, 

 branched, erect, velvety from small down ; leaves 5-8 in a whorl, 

 broad-linear, obtuse, rather velvety ; flowers verticillate, and 

 capitate at the tops of the branches ; floral leaves small ; co- 

 rollas campanulate ; fruit glabrous, il . H. Native of Persia, 

 on Mount Elwend, where it was collected by Olivier and Bru- 

 guiere. Old stems permanent, white, and glabrous. Leaves 6 

 lines long, and a line broad. 



Rather-velvety Woodroof. PI. | to 1 foot. 



36 A. GALiotoEs (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 101. and suppl. p. 104.) 

 plant glabrous ; stems terete, ascending ; leaves 6-8 in a whorl, 

 linear, glaucous ; peduncles dichotomous, terminal, corymbose ; 

 corollas campanulate ; fruit glabrous, smooth. If. . H. Native 



of Middle and South Europe, even to Tauria and Caucasus, in 

 stony places. Galium glaucum, and probably Galium monta- 

 num, var. Lin. spec. 156. Asp. glauca, Bess. Galium Hal- 

 leri, Sut. fl. helv. 1. p. 88. Galium campanulatum, Vill. 

 dauph. 2. p. 326. Galium grandiflorum, Clairv. man. p. 41. 

 Flowers white. Plant glaucous. This is a very variable plant, 

 and is intermediate between Galium and Asperula. Stems 

 either terete or bluntly sub-tetragonal, erectish or diffuse, 

 smooth or scabrous at the base. Leaves with revolute or flat 

 margins, obtuse or mucronulate. See Jacq. fl. austr. t. 84. Vill. 

 dauph. t. 7. Bocc. mus. 2. t. 116. 



Var. ft, Tyraica (D. C. prod. 4. p. 585.) stems erect, hispid 

 at the base ; lower leaves rather hispid, y. . H. Native about 

 Tyra and elsewhere, in stony places. Asperula Tyraica, Bess, 

 enum. cont. p. 42. Galium glaucum, var. Requien, in. herb. 

 B.C. 



Galmm-like Woodroof. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1710. PI. | to | ft. 



37 A. HUMIFU'SA (Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. p. 105.) stems pros- 

 trate, much branched, hispid, tetragonal ; leaves 6 in a whorl, 

 linear, spreadingly reflexed, with scabrous edges : lowermost 

 ones 8 in a whorl ; pedicels axillary, usually by threes, 1 - 

 flowered ; corolla sub-campanulate, with a short tube ; fruit 

 glabrous. 7 . H. Native of Tauria, Caucasus, at the Don, 

 and on Mount Beschtau, Podolia, and about Theodosia, ex 

 D'Urv. enum. p. 15. G&Iium humifusum, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 

 104. Ledeb. in Schrad. neu. journ. 4. t. 1. p. 59. Flowers 

 white. 



Trailing Woodroof. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. prostrate. 



j- Species not sufficiently known. 



38 A. TOURNEFORTH (Sieb. ex Spreng. syst. 1. p. 395.) stems 

 suffruticose ; leaves obovate-oblong, quite glabrous, glaucous ; 

 whorles of flowers approximate; flowers sub-fasciculate, hispid. 

 I/ . H. Native of Candia. 



Tournefort's Woodroof. PI. suffruticose. 



39 A. UMBELLA'TA (Willd. herb, ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 586.) 

 %. H. Native of Hungary. This is the same as A. hexaphylla, 

 ex Spreng. syst. but according to Stevens, obs. mss. it differs in 

 the flowers being shorter. 



Umbellate-dowered Woodroof. PI. 



40 A. INVOLUCRA'TA (Bergr. et Wahl. in isis. 1828. vol. 21. 

 p. 971.) leaves 4 in a whorl, obovate, elongated, obtuse, gla- 

 brous ; stems decumbent ; peduncles lateral and terminal ; 

 flowers umbellate ; leaves of involucrum obtuse, glabrous. Tf. . 

 H. Native of the Levant, among bushes on the sides of hills. 

 Leaves like those of Galium palustre, 



Involucrated Woodroof. PI. decumbent. 



Cult. Most of the species of Woodroof are very pretty when 

 in flower, and are therefore well adapted for decorating flower- 

 borders or rock- work. They will grow in any common garden- 

 soil, and are easily increased by parting at the root. A. odorata 

 will thrive under the shade of trees, where hardly any thing else 

 will grow. The seeds of annual species only require to be sown 

 where the plants are intended to remain. 



CCXIV. CRUCIANE'LLA (a dim. of crux, across : in allu- 

 sion to the leaves being placed crosswise). Lin. gen. no. 126. 

 Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 111. t. 24. Lam. ill. t. 61. Juss. mem. mus. 

 6. p. 370. A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. par. 5. p. 131. D. C. 

 prod. 4. p. 586. 



LIN. SYST. Tetra-Pentdndria, Monogy'nia. Calyx with an 

 ovate tube, and a hardly distinct limb. Corolla tubular, elon- 

 gated, funnel-shaped, 4-5-lobed ; lobes usually drawn out into a 

 setaceous, inflexed appendage each. Stamens 4-5, inclosed ; 

 anthers linear. Style 2-lobed at the apex, shorter than the tube 

 of the corolla. Fruit divisible into 2 parts, but not crowned by 



