642 



RUBIACE^E. CCXIV. CRUCIANELLA. CCXV. RUBIA. 



mountains. Laxmannia fasciculata, S. G. Gmel. Said to be 

 nearly allied to C. molluginoides. 



Long-styled Crosswort. PI. procumbent. 



12 C. PDBE'SCENS (Willd. spec. 1. p. 602.) plant erect ; leaves 

 6 in a whorl, linear, downy; heads of flowers pedunculate, axil- 

 lary, and terminal ; corollas pentamerous. Q. H. Native of 

 Candia. Rubeola Cretica incana floribus purpurascentibus, 

 Tourn. cor. 5. Stem downy. Corollas purplish, downy. 



Downy Crosswort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1799. PI. 1 foot. 

 3. Flowers in fascicles ; fascicles opposite, on short pedun- 

 cles : the whole forming an interrupted raceme. 



13 C. MOLLUGINOIDES (Bieb. cent. 2. t. 65. ex fl. taur. 1. p. 

 106. suppl. 110.) erect; leaves 8-12 in a whorl; linear-lanceo- 

 late, with revolute, scabrous edges, and a villous keel ; fascicles 

 of flowers opposite, disposed in an interrupted spike ; bracteas 

 ovate-lanceolate, acuminate;!, villous, much shorter than the 

 flowers ; fruit glabrous, smoothish ; corollas pentamerous. I/ . 

 H. Native of Caucasus, in subalpine places, Armenia, and 

 Hungary. C. anomala, Balb. herb. taur. Asperula tubiflora, 

 Hortul. Buxb. cent. 2. t. 30. f. 1. Corollas greenish yellow. 

 Stamens 5. Mericarps nearly globose. Angles of the stem 

 scabrous. 



Mollugo-like Crosswort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1800. PI. 1 

 foot. 



14 C. A'SPERA (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 107.) plant procumbent or 

 ascending; leaves usually 6 in a whorl, linear, bluntish, with 

 revolute edges, and are, as well as the stem, scabrous ; fascicles 

 of flowers opposite, pedunculate, disposed in interrupted spikes ; 

 bracteas ovate, acute, ciliated, much shorter than the flowers ; 

 flowers pentamerous ; fruit glabrous. %. H. Native of Iberia, 

 about Tiflis. C. prostrata, Adams, in Web. et Mohr. cat. 1. p. 

 46. Flowers greenish yellow. 



Rough Crosswort. PI. procumbent. 



15 C. GLOMERA'TA (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 107.) stems ascend- 

 ing . sterile ones hairy, and floriferous ones smoothish ; leaves G 

 in a whorl, linear, with revolute margins, scabrous, rather glau- 

 cous ; heads of flowers opposite, pedunculate, disposed in an 

 interrupted raceme ; bracteas ovate, acute, ciliated, much shorter 

 than the flowers ; flowers pentamerous. I/ . H. Native of 

 Iberia and Caucasus, on stony hills. Rubeola orientalis foliis 

 Galii, flore multiplici, Tourn. cor. 5. Flowers greenish yellow. 



Glomerate-flowered Crosswort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. 

 PI. | foot. 



f Plants referred to the genus which ought to be excluded 

 from it. 



16 C. ? AMERICA'NA (Mill. diet. no. 5.) stem erect, villous; 

 leaves opposite, linear-lanceolate, hairy ; flowers solitary, axil- 

 lary, fj . S. Native of Vera Cruz. Flowers pale blue. Fruit 

 didymous. Probably a species of Spermacoce. 



American Crosswort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1780. Shrub 3 

 feet. 



17 C. ? HJSPIDA (Mill. diet. no. 4.) stem hispid ; leaves oppo- 

 site, lanceolate, hairy; flowers umbellate, terminal. Jj . S. Na- 

 tive of Vera Cruz. Stems quadrangular, rough, prickly. 

 Flowers blue, tetramerous. Fruit didymous. 



Hispid Crosswort. Shrub 2 feet. 



Cull. The seeds of annual species should be sown in the 

 open ground where the plants are intended to remain. The 

 perennial, herbaceous, and shrubby species being rather tender, 

 should be grown in pots, in a mixture of peat, sand, and a little 

 loam ; and they will be easily increased by dividing at the root, 

 or by cuttings. 



CCXV. RU'BIA (from ruber, red ; in allusion to the red 

 colour of the roots). Tourn. inst. 113. t. 38. Lin. gen. no. 127. 



Lam. ill. t. 60. Grtn. fil. carp. 3. p. 85. t. 195. D. C. prod. 

 4. p. 588. 



LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Calyx with an ovate-glo- 

 bose tube, and a 4-toothed limb. Corolla 4-5-parted, rotate. 

 Stamens 4, short. Styles 2, short. Fruit didymous, nearly glo- 

 bose, baccate, juicy. Herbs or sub-shrubs. Stems diffuse, 

 much branched, tetragonal. Leaves opposite, usually furnished 

 with 1-2, rarely with 3-4 stipulas on both sides, which are very 

 like the leaves, constituting 4-10-leaved whorles. Flowers small, 

 greenish white, or pale yellow. Berries black, rarely red or 

 white. 



1. E ' xinvolucrata (the flowers of the plants contained in 

 this section are without involucra). D. C. prod. 4. p. 588. 

 Peduncles axillary, dichotomous or trichotomous ; bracteas want- 

 ing, or very small, and opposite, but never constituting an involu- 

 crum. Flowers usually penlamerous. Species all natives of the 

 old world. 



* Cordifblia (from cor, the heart, and folium, a leaf: the 

 leaves are heart-shaped). D. C. prod. 4. p. 588. Stems herba- 

 ceous. Leaves on long petioles, all cordate, or only the lower 

 ones. 



1 R. CORDIFOLIA (Lin. mant. p. 197.) leaves 4 in a whorl, 

 petiolate, oblong, cordate at the base, 3-5-nerved, beset with 

 prickles on the middle nerve, margins, petioles, and angles of 

 stems ; flowers tetramerous or pentamerous. I/ . H. Native 

 of Siberia, on the banks of the Salenga, &c. There are varie- 

 ties of this plant with glabrous, hairy, narrower and broader 

 leaves, which are disposed 8 in a whorl. (Pall. itin. 3. t. L. 

 f. 1. and gall. t. 92.). Flowers whitish. Berries red or black. 

 Perhaps 2 species are confused under this name. 



Heart-leaved Madder. Fl. July. Clt. 1783. PI. straggling. 



2 R. JAVA'NA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 588.) leaves 4 in a whorl, 

 petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, not cordate at the base, 5-nerved, 

 scabrous on the middle nerve, petioles, and angles of stems ; 

 flowers tetramerous and pentamerous. 1. S. Native of Java, 

 on the mountains. R. cordifolia, Blum, bijdr. p. 944. An 

 intermediate plant between R. cordifolia. R. Sibirica, and R. 

 Munjista. 



Java Madder. PI. straggling. 



3 R. MUNJISTA (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 383.) leaves 4 in a whorl, 

 petiolate, cordate, acuminated, 5-nerved, and are, as well as 

 the stems, hispid ; flowers all pentamerous. % . H. Native 

 of Nipaul and Bengal, on the mountains ; and of Japan. R. 

 cordata, Thunb. fl. jap. p. 60. R. Manjith, Roxb. ex Flem. 

 cat. in Desv. journ. bot. 1814. pt. 2. p. 207. There does not 

 appear much difference between this and R. cordifolia, Lin. This 

 kind of madder is used by the dyers and calico-printers in the 

 same manner as the common madder. 



Munjith or Indian Madder. PI. straggling. 



4 R. ALA'TA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 384.) leaves 4 jn a 

 whorl, petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, and linear, 3-nerved, acumi- 

 nated at the apex, scabrous ; angles of stem winged, scabrous 

 from recurved denticulations ; flowers pentamerous, hispid ; 

 corymbs trichotomous, elongated. 2/ . H. Native of Nipaul. 

 Limb of leaf 3 times the length of the petiole. Very like a 

 species of Galium. 



Winged-stemmed Madder. PI. straggling. 



5 R. PETIOLA RIS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 588.) leaves 4 in a whorl, 

 petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, 1-nerved, having the 

 nerve, margins, petioles, and angles of the stem scabrous from 

 prickles. I/ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. R. 

 cordifolia, Thunb. fl. cap. p. 151. but not of Lin. Petioles the 

 length of leaves, tetragonal ; perhaps the lower leaves are cor- 

 date. Flowers not sufficiently known. 



Petiolar-leaved Madder. PI. straggling. 



