RUBIACEyE. CCXV. RUBIA. CCXVI. GALIUM. 



64-7 



dichotomous or trichotomous ; bracteas conforming to the leaves 

 under the branches ; flowers pedicellate ; berries glabrous. It . 

 'F. Native of Brazil. Leaves deciduous, smooth. 

 Epkedra like Madder. PI. straggling. 



49 R. SCA'BRA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 340.) 

 stems tetragonal, beset with retrograde prickles along the 

 angles ; leaves 6 in a whorl, and the upper ones 4 in a whorl, 

 sessile, oblong-lanceolate, acutish, with rather revolute and ser- 

 rulated edges, 3 times shorter than the internodes ; peduncles 

 terminal, usually by threes ; bracteas 1-3 ; berries glabrous. 

 H. Native of the Andes about Quindiu, between Carthage and 

 Ibague. Perhaps a species of Galium nearly allied to G. 

 Claytoni. 



Scabrous Madder. PL straggling. 



50 R. DE'BILIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 340.) 

 stems tetragonal, beset with retrograde prickles along the angles ; 

 leaves oblong, acute, mucronate, flat, having the margins and 

 keel beset with retrograde prickles ; peduncles 2-3 together, 

 terminal, 1 -flowered, naked ; berries glabrous. l/.F. Native 

 of Quito, in high places near Chillo and Ichubamba. Perhaps a 

 species of Galium nearly allied to G. ciliatum. Mature fruit 

 unknown. 



Weak Madder. PI. trailing. 



Cult. The species will grow in any common soil, and are all 

 easily increased by dividing at the root or by seeds. Those 

 species natives of warm climates require to be placed in the 

 green-house in winter. 



CCXVI. GALLIUM (from yaXa, gala, milk; some species 

 are used for curdling milk). Scop. earn. ed. 2. vol. 1 . p. 94. 

 D. C. fl. fr. ed. 3. vol. 4. p. 248. Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 

 481. D. C. prod. 4. p. 593. Galium and Valantia species, Lin. 

 Galium, Aparine, and A'spera, Mcench. meth. Galium, Eyse- 

 lia, Aparine, Neck. elem. no. 332. 333. and 335. Galium and 

 Aparine, Tourn. inst. t. 39. Mcench. meth. 484. and 640. 

 Galium species, A. Rich. mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 133. 



LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Digynia. Calyx with an ovate-glo- 

 bose or oblong tube, and hardly any limb. Corolla 4-parted (f. 

 111. 6.), rotate, rarely 3-parted. Stamens 4, short (f. 111. c.). 

 Styles 2, short. Fruit didymous, roundish, rarely oblong, dry, 

 composed of 2 indehiscent 1 -seeded mericarps. Branched herbs. 

 Leaves forming whorles along with the stipulas. Inflorescence 

 variable. 



SECT. I. EUGA'LIUM. Perennial plants. 



1. Leiogalia (from Xttoe, lews, smooth, and galium ; in re- 

 ference to the smooth fruit of the species). Perennial plants. 

 Leaves 6 to 10 in a mhorl, rarely only 4-5. Flowers disposed in 

 cymose panicles, hermaphrodite, white. Fruit glabrous. 



1 G. SYLVA'TICUM (Lin. spec. p. 155.) stems erect, smooth, 

 terete, much branched ; leaves 8 in a whorl, elliptic, obtuse, 

 mucronate, smooth, scabrous beneath, and rather glaucous ; 

 floral leaves opposite ; peduncles capillary, disposed in a termi- 

 nal panicle; lobes of corolla obtuse; fruit glabrous. %.. H. 

 Native throughout Europe (Britain and Sicily excepted), in 

 woods. B.C. fl. fr. no. 3356. Bauh. hist. 3. pt. 2. p. 716. f. 4. 

 Flowers white. 



Var. ft, pubescens (D. C. fl. fr. vol. 4. p. 248.) stem, branches, 

 and nerves on the under side of leaves downy. I/ . H. Native 

 of Moguntia and elsewhere. 



Wood Bed-straw. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1658. PI. I to 2 ft. 



2 G. LINIFOLIUM (Lam. diet. 2. p. 578.) stems erect, terete, 

 smooth ; leaves 4-8 in a whorl, lanceolate-linear, acuminated, 

 quite glabrous, membranous, glaucous beneath, with smoothish 

 margins ; peduncles capillary, panicled ; lobes of corolla acute ; 

 fruit glabrous, smooth. Tf.. H. Native of Dauphiny, Provence, 

 Italy, &c. in shady places as in woods. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 252. 

 G. atro-virens, Lapeyr. abr. ex Benth. G. laevigatum, Vill. 



dauph. 2. p. 229. Leaves rather rough at the tops from a very 

 few bristles or prickles. Flowers white. 



Var. fi, serrulatum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 593.) leaves membra- 

 nous, serrulated by prickles round the margins. I/ . H. Native 

 about Naples, where it was collected by Passy. 



Var. y? rigidulum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 593.) leaves stiffish, 

 subserrated round the margin. I/ . H. Native of the Pyrenees 

 and Corsica, &c. G. aristatum, Gaud. fl. helv. and perhaps of 

 Lin. G. glaucum, Sut. fl. helv. ? G. intermedium, Schultes, 

 obs. bot. no. 153.? G. sylvaticum, Bess. fl. gal. 1. p. 219. G. 

 glaucum, Oed. fl. dan. t. 609. G. mutabile, Bess. cont. fl. Volh. 

 no. 1336. is probably referrible to this. Perhaps a proper species. 



Flax-leaved Bed-straw. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1759. PI. 1 

 to 2 feet, var. y, 3 to 4 feet. 



3 G. PASCHA'LE (Forsk. descrip. p. 203.) stems weak, gla- 

 brous, smooth ; leaves 8-9 in a whorl, linear-lanceolate, with sca- 

 brous margins, glabrous, mucronate ; peduncles axillary, oppo- 

 site, twice longer than the leaves, trichotomous at the apex ; 

 fruit glabrous, minute. l/.H. Native about Constantinople. 

 G. Hierosolymitanum is probably not distinct from this, ex 

 Vahl, symb. 2. p. 29. but that plant is joined to G. Ice've by 

 Schrader, and to G. scabrum by Persoon. Flowers white. 



Paschale Bed-straw. PI. 1^ foot. 



4 G. INCU'RVUM (Sibth and Smith, fl. graec. t. 132.) stems 

 panicled ; leaves 8 in a whorl, linear, glabrous, awned, in- 

 curved ; lobes of corolla obtuse, awnless ; fruit glabrous. Tf.. 

 H. Native of Crete, on the sphaceotic mountains. Flowers 

 yellow. Perhaps the same as G. incurvum, D'Urv. enum. p. 15. 

 which was collected on rocky hills in the island of Samos. Stem 

 often pubescent. Peduncles axillary and terminal, trichotomous. 



Incurved Bed-straw. PI. 



5 G. SUBTRI'FIDUM (Reinw. ex Blum, bijdr. p. 944.) stems 

 twiggy, obversely scabrous ; leaves usually 6 in a whorl, short, 

 narrow, linear-spatulate, acutish, rather scabrous ; peduncles 

 terminal, few-flowered. If. . F. Native of Java, on the moun- 

 tains. Said to be nearly allied to G. spatulatum and G. pumilum. 



Subtrifid Bed-straw. PI. 1 foot ? 



6 G. APICULA'TUM (Sibth et Smith, fl. graec. t. 129.) stems 

 hoary ; leaves 6 in a whorl, lanceolate, rather scabrous ; pedun- 

 cles trichotomous, leafy ; lobes of corolla apiculated ; fruit gla- 

 brous. I/ . H. Native of Mounts Parnassus and Athos. Rcem. et 

 Schultes, syst. p. 229. but not p. 222. Flowers greenish-purple. 

 Peduncles axillary and terminal, forming a leafy panicled raceme. 



4 piculated- flowered Bed-straw. PI. -j to 1 foot. 



7 G. INCANUM (Sibth et Smith, FIG. 111. 

 fl. graec. t. 130.) leaves 6 in a 



whorl, linear, and are as well as 

 the stems hoary ; peduncles 3- 

 flowered ; lobes of corolla awn- 

 ed ; fruit glabrous. If. . H. Na- 

 tive on Mount Parnassus. 

 Flowers white, (f. 111.) 



Hoary Bed-straw. PI. tufted, 

 j to | foot. 



8 G. OBLI'QUUM (Vill. dauph. 

 2. p. 324. t. 8.) stems ascending, 

 tetragonal, villous at the bot- 

 tom ; leaves 8 in a whorl : lower 

 ones obovate, villous : upper 

 ones linear-lanceolate, glabrous ; 

 peduncles twice trifid, glabrous ; 



lobes of corolla ending in a setaceous acumen each ; fruit gla- 

 brous. 7/ . H. Native of Dauphiny, Piedmont, Etruria, and Aus- 

 tria, in rugged places, and in hedges among the mountains. G. 

 mucronatum, Lam. diet. 2. p. 581. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 258. 

 Flowers white. Habit of G. Boccbni, but differs in the lobes of 

 the corolla ending in a setaceous point. 



