650 



RUBIACE.E. CCXVI. GALIUM. 



27 G. HELODES (Hoffm. et Link. fl. port. 2. p. 47.) stems 

 weak, diffuse, scabrous ; leaves 5-6 in a whorl, lanceolate- 

 linear, mucronulate, scabrous above and on the margins ; 

 panicles capillary. I/. H. Native of Portugal, in marshes 

 about Torres Vedras. G. uliginosum, Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 150. 

 It is very like G. uliginosum, and probably only a variety of it. 



Marsh Bed-straw. Fl. July. Clt. 1325. PI. decumbent. 



28 G. PALU'STKE (Lin. spec. p. 153.) stems diffuse, tetragonal, 

 rather scabrous ; leaves 4-6 in a whorl, obovate, obtuse, unequal, 

 glabrous, with scabrous edges : superior ones lanceolate ; pedun- 

 cles nearly terminal, trichotomous ; lobes of corolla ovate, awn- 

 less ; fruit smooth, glabrous. TJ. . H. Native of Europe and 

 Siberia, on the banks of rivers and ditches, and in moist mea- 

 dows ; frequent in Britain. (Ed. fl. dan. t. 423. Smith, engl. 

 hot. t. 1857. Hook. fl. lond. fasc. 1. t. 20. Petiv. brit. t. 30. f. 

 5. Roots creeping. Flowers numerous, white. Plant tall when 

 supported by other herbage. 



Var. ft, constrictum (Dub. bot. gall. 1. p. 260.) leaves linear. 

 1]. . H. G. constrictum, Chaub. in St. A mans. fl. agr. bouq. t. 2. 

 G. elongatum, Presl. fl. sic. prod. p. 59. 



Var. y, debile (D. C. prod. 4. p. 597.) leaves 5-6 in a whorl ; 

 stem roughish. I/. H. G. debile, Desv. obs. fl. par. 134. 

 G. uliginbsum, Mer. fl. par. 2. p. 220. 



Fen Bed-straw. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. PI. 3 to 4 feet. 



29 G. suBER6suM (Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. t. 128.) stems 

 diffuse, much branched, smooth ; leaves 4 in a whorl, lanceolate, 

 acute, glabrous : flowers terminal and axillary, by threes ; fruit 

 glabrous. If, 1 1. Native of Candia, on the mountains. Leaves 

 with roughish margins. Flowers greenish-purple, bracteolate. 

 Bracteas ciliated, ovate, acute. 



Cor&y-fruited Bed-straw. PI. diffuse. 



30 G. SATUREIJEFOLIUM (Trev. mag. nat. amic. berl. 1815. 

 vol. 7. p. 146.) stems flaccid, scabrous along the angles ; lower 

 leaves 6 in a whorl, rameal ones 4 in a whorl, linear-elliptic, un- 

 equal ; branches of panicle dichotomous, panicled ; fruit gla- 

 brous, spherical, emarginate. If. H. Native of Tauria, among 

 reeds about Astrachan ; and of Caucasus, in humid places near 

 Lenkeran, mixed with G. palustre, Bieb. suppl. 106. G. pa- 

 lustre, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 103. Corolla white. 



Savory-leaved Bed-straw. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1817. PI. 1 ft. 



31 G. TRIFIDUM (Lin. spec. p. 153.) stems ascending or pro- 

 cumbent, scabrous below ; leaves 4-6 in a whorl, linear, obtuse, 

 scabrous on the margins and nerve beneath ; peduncles slender, 

 spreading, trifid ; lobes of corolla 3-4, obtuse ; fruit glabrous, 

 smooth. If. H. Native of Sweden, Norway, Lapland, Island 

 of Unalaska, and Falkland Islands, in humid places ; and of the 

 Island of Sitka. CEd. fl. dan. t. 48. Cham, et Schlecht. in 

 Linnaea. 3. p. 221. Torr. fl. un. st. 1. p. 165. G. Claytoni, 

 Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 78. G. trifidum and G. Claytoni, 

 Rcem. et Schultes, syst. G. tinctorium, Richards, in Frankl. 

 journ. append. 732. Corollas white. This species varies in 

 size from an inch to a foot in length. 



Var. ft, latifdlium (Torr. fl. un. st. 1. p. 165.) leaves obovate- 

 cuneated. if. H. Native of North America. 



7Yj/M-ped uncled Bed-straw. Fl.Ju. July. Clt. 1826. PI. proc. 



32 G. TINCTORIUM (Lin. spec. p. 153.) stems decumbent, 

 smooth ; leaves 4-6 in a whorl, linear, obtuse, scabrous on the 

 margins and keel ; peduncles axillary and terminal, elongated, 

 subcorymbose, many-flowered; lobes of corolla 4, obtuse; fruit 

 glabrous, smooth. T(. H. Native of North America, in low 

 marshy places, as in Canada, United States, Newfoundland; 

 Straits of De Fuca, on the North-west Coast. Very nearly allied 

 to the preceding, but differs from it in the stems being smooth, 

 in the peduncles being longer, and in the flowers being always 4- 

 parted. It is said that from the roots of this species the Indians 

 prepare the red dye with which they colour the feathers and 



other ornaments of their dress. Some states of G. palustre, in 

 our country, when they have more numerous leaves than usual, 

 are scarcely distinguishable from the G. tinctorium. 

 Dyers' Bed-straw. PI. decumbent. 



33 G. OBTU'SUM (Torr. fl. host. ed. 2. p. 55.) stems smooth; 

 procumbent, tetragonal ; leaves 4 in a whorl, oblanceolate, obtuse, 

 roughish on the margins and nerve ; peduncles 3-flowered ; lobes 

 of corolla acute ; fruit smooth, globose. l/.H. Native about 

 Boston, on the banks of rivers and rivulets. Corollas white. 



Blunt-leaved Bed-straw. PI. procumbent. 



34 G. ASPRE'LLUM (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 178.) stems 

 diffuse, much branched, tetragonal, rough from retrograde 

 prickles along the angles ; cauline leaves 6 in a whorl, rameal 

 ones 4, lanceolate, acuminated, prickly on the nerve and mar- 

 gins ; floriferous branches divaricate, many-flowered ; pedicels 

 short; lobes of corolla awnless ; fruit glabrous. l/.H. Native 

 of North America, from Canada to Virginia. Pursh. fl. amer. 

 sept. 1. p. 103. Flowers white. Perhaps the same as G. Clay- 

 toni or G. trifidum. 



Hough Bed-straw. PI. decumbent. 



35 G. HELVE'TICUM (Weig. obs. p. 24.) stems weak, tufted, 

 glabrous ; leaves 4-6 in a whorl, oblong-linear, mucronate, at- 

 tenuated at the base, with scabrous margins ; peduncles shorter 

 than the leaves, nearly terminal, few-flowered ; fruit glabrous, 

 smooth ; lobes of corolla obtuse. I/. H. Native of Dauphiny, 

 Piedmont, Spain, Pyrenees, Switzerland, on rocks. Gaud. fl. 

 helv. 1. p. 434. &c. Lam. diet. 2. p. 584. Req. diss. mss. G. 

 Baldense, Spreng. pug. 1. p. 10. ex Jan. et Gaud. Plant be- 

 coming black on drying. Flowers white. Juss. mem. de 1'acad. 

 de Par. 1714. t. 15. f. 1. 



Swiss Bed-straw. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. PI. foot. 



36 G. SAXA'TILE (Lin. spec. 154. Smith, engl. bot. 1815.) 

 stems procumbent or straggling, glabrous ; leaves 6 in a whorl, 

 obovate, obtuse, mucronate, roughish on the edges ; flowers in 

 forked lateral and terminal panicles ; fruit didymous, granulated. 

 7f . H. Native of Sweden, Germany, France; plentiful in Bri- 

 tain, on heaths and hilly ground. G. Hercynicum, Weig. obs. p. 

 25. D. C. icon. rar. t. 25. G. montanum, Huds. angl. p. 67. 

 G. procximbens, With. 187. Petiv. herb. brit. t. 30. f. 8. G. 

 multicaule, var. Wallr. in litt. Root creeping. Plant becoming 

 blackish on drying. Flowers white, copious. 



Hercynian Bed-straw. Fl. Ju. Aug. Britain. PI. procumb. 



37 G. ASPERiFor.iuM (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 381.) stems 

 branched, weak, tetragonal, scabrous from recurved hairs along 

 the angles ; leaves 6 in a whorl, oblong-linear, somewhat cu- 

 neated, mucronate, rather scabrous above, but beset with re- 

 curved hairs on the nerve beneath and margins ; peduncles axil- 

 lary, many-flowered, disposed in a kind of leafy panicle ; fruit 

 glabrous. Native of Nipaul. Req. diss. mss. G. parviflorum, 

 D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 133. Flowers white, but blackish when 

 dried. Lower leaves 8 in a whorl. The stem and branches are 

 soft, while the leaves are harsh. 



Rough-leaved Bed-straw. PI. diffuse. 



88 G. JE'THNICUM (Biv. man. 4. p. 21.) root creeping; stems 

 tetragonal, smooth ; leaves 6 in a whorl, mucronate, with prickly 

 serrated margins : lower ones spatulate, upper ones linear ; pe- 

 duncles trichotomous, disposed in a short panicle ; lobes of corolla 

 awned. If. H. Native of Mount Etna, above the woody 

 region. Guss. prod. 1. p. 174. fl. sic. ined. t. 63. f. 1. G. trina- 

 crium, Room, et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 238. G. jEthnense, Presl. 

 fl. sic. p. 60. Flowers white. Very nearly allied to G. cinereum. 

 Root long, red. Leaves 8-9 in a whorl, ex Rcem. et Schultes. 



Etna Bed-straw. PI. tufted. 



39 G. FRUTICE'SCENS (Cav. icon. 3. p. 3. t. 206. f. 1.) stems 

 suffrutescent at the base, erect ; branches tetragonal, glabrous ; 

 leaves 6 in a whorl, linear, mucronate, subrevolute ; peduncles 



