RUBIACE^E. CCXVI. GALIUM. 



653 



Var. y. scabrum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 601.) fruit hispid from 

 crowded bristles, which are hooked at the apex. G. boreale /3, 

 Lam. G. boreale, Lin. spec. 156. D. C. fl. no. 3385. but not 

 ofLapeyr. Oed. fl. dan. t. 1024. Smith, eng. bot. 1. 105. Svensk. 

 bot. t. 122. G. nervosum a, Lam. fl. fr. 



Northern Bed-straw. Fl. July. Britain. PI. 1 foot. 



64 G. SEPTENTRIONA" LE (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 253.) 

 stems erect, straight, tetragonal, smoothish, downy at the nodi ; 

 leaves 4 in a whorl, oblong-lanceolate, 3-nerved, ciliated at the 

 base ; peduncles axillary, much longer than the leaves, trichoto- 

 inous, disposed into a terminal panicle ; bracteas oblong, acute. 



. H. Native of North America, about lakes in Canada and 

 the State of New York. Bigel. fl. host. ed. 2. p. 54. G. boreale, 

 Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 104. Torr. fl. un. st. 1. p. 169. Hook, 

 fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 289. G. strictum, Torr. cat. new York, 23. 

 Flowers milk-coloured, very numerous. Fruit beset with hook- 

 ed bristles. Like the European G. boreale this is liable to con- 

 siderable variation, and generally passes into the usual state of 

 G. boreale. The Cree women dye red with the roots of this and 

 G. Claytbnii indiscriminately, ex Richardson. 



Northern Bed-straw. PI. 1 foot. 



65 G. CORIA'CEUM (Bunge in Ledeb. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 216.) 

 stems branched, tetragonal, scabrous at the base ; leaves coria- 

 ceous, shining, with revolute scabrous edges : lower ones 4 in a 

 whorl, obovate-oblong : upper ones opposite, oval, rather sca- 

 brous, as well as the stems ; peduncles axillary, 2-4-flowered ; 

 fruit hispid from hooked pili at the base, much shorter than the 

 pedicels. 7(. H. Native of Siberia, in the fissures of rocks at 

 the river Katunga, at a place called Boom, and at the river 

 Tschuja. Peduncles slender, bifid, trifid, rarely twice trifid, 

 rather hispid. Flowers yellowish-white. 



Coriaceous-leaved Bed-straw. PI. ^ to 1 foot. 



66 G. CIRCK'ZANS (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 30.) stems 

 erect, smooth ; leaves 4 in a whorl, oval, obtuse, smooth, 3- 

 nerved, ciliately scabrous along the nerves and margins ; pe- 

 duncles axillary and terminal, divaricate, few-flowered, longer 

 than the leaves ; fruit drooping, beset with hooked bristles. 

 I/ . H. Native of North America, from Carolina to New 

 England and Boston, in rocky mountain woods. Torr. fl. un. 

 st. 1. p. 168. Bigel. fl. bost. ed. 2. p. 55. G. boreale, Walt, 

 car. p. 87. G. brachiatum, Muhl. cat. 1. p. 15. G. circasoides, 

 Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 256. Flowers milk-coloured. 



Circcea-like Bed-straw. PI. 1 to \\ foot. 



67 G. LANCEOLA'TUM (Torr. fl. un. st. 1. p. 163.) stems erect, 

 glabrous ; leaves 4 in a whorl, ovate-lanceolate, acute, with 

 ciliately scabrous edges, 3-nerved at the base ; peduncles termi- 

 nal, dichotomous, divaricate, longer than the leaves ; flowers 

 lateral, sessile, deflexed ; corollas very acute ; fruit beset with 

 hooked bristles. I/ . H. Native of North America, in the 

 states of New York, Massachusetts, and Boston; and of Canada 

 about Quebec. G. circas'zans /3 lanceola,tum, Torr. cat. new 

 york, p. 23. G. Torreyi, Bigel. fl. bost. ed. 2. p. 56. G. cir- 

 caj'zans var. Nutt. Flowers milk-coloured. 



Lanceolate-leaved Bed-straw. PI. 1 to 1^ foot. 



68 G. BRACHIA'TUH (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 103.) stems 

 flaccid, elongated, brachiately branched, hispid ; branches short ; 

 leaves 6 in a whorl, oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous, 

 having the margins and keel ciliated by bristles ; floriferous 

 branches verticillate, longer than the leaves, divaricately dicho- 

 tomous ; pedicels 2-flowered ; fruit beset with hooked bristles. 

 I/. H. Native of North America, from New England to Vir- 

 ginia, in meadows, and on the margins of woods, frequent. G. 

 longicaule, Rafin. fl. lud. p. 75. ? Flowers white. 



Brachiate Bed-straw. PI. 1 to 1| foot. 



69 G. CUSPIDA'TUM (Muhl, cat. ex Ell. sketch, carol 1. p. 

 197.) stems prostrate, glabrous; leaves usually 6 in a whorl, 



lanceolate, acuminated, a little ciliated ; peduncles trifid ; lobes 

 of corolla acuminated ; fruit pilose. 1.H. Native of Carolina 

 and Georgia. Flowers white. Fruit beset with long white pili. 

 Cuspidate-Rowered Bed-straw. PI. prostrate. " 



70 G. HISPI'DULUM (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 79.) stems 

 procumbent, much branched, hispid ; leaves 4 in a whorl, oval- 

 lanceolate, acuminated, with revolute edges, wrinkled, hispid on 

 both surfaces ; flowers nearly solitary, terminal ; fruit hispid. 

 2/ . H. Native of Lower Carolina. Perhaps the same as G. 

 lappaceum, fl. per. 1. p. 59. ? ex Pursh, fl. sept. amer. 1. p. 104. 

 Flowers white. 



Small-hispid Bed-straw. PI. procumbent. 



71 G. DENSIFLORUM (Led. fl. alt. ill. t. 194. fl. alt. 1. p. 137.) 

 stems many from the same root, erect or ascending, glabrous ; 

 leaves 8 in a whorl, oblong-linear, cuspidate, glabrous with sca- 

 brous margins ; panicles coarctate ; segments of corolla mucro- 

 nulate; ovarium villous. Tf.. H. Native of Siberia, near 

 Smejow. Rameal leaves sometimes 6-7 in a whorl, pale green. 

 Panicles from the tops of the stem and branches. Corollas 

 greenish-yellow. 



Dense-flomered Bed-straw. PI. 1 foot. 



72 G. PUNCTICULOSUM (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 80.) stems 

 erect, branched, smoothish ; leaves 4 in a whorl, ovate, obtuse, 

 glabrous, but rather downy on the margins and nerves, full of 

 pellucid dots ; floriferous branches elongated, trifid at the apex ; 

 flowers pedicellate; fruit beset with hooked bristles. T. H. 

 Native of South Carolina, in humid places. Req. diss. ined. ex 

 herb. D. C. G. punctatum, Pers. ench. 1. p. 128. G. Ber- 

 mudianum, Pursh, fl. sept. amer. 1. p. 104. and probably of Lin. 

 spec. 153. G. purpureurn, Walt, carol. Pluk. aim. t. 248. f. 

 6. Flowers purple. Fruit purple. 



Var. ft, pilosum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 601.) stems hispid ; leaves 

 villous on both surfaces, and full of pellucid dots. If. H. Na- 

 tive of the states of New York and Boston, in dry pastures and 

 woods. G. pilosum, Ait. hort. kew. p. 145. Torr. fl. un. st. 1. 

 p. 167. The dots on the leaves less pellucid, and villi more 

 conspicuous than in var. a, but very like it. 



Small-dotted-leaved Bed-straw. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1778. 

 PI. 1 foot. 



73 G. TRIFLORUM (Michx. fl. amer. bor. 1. p. 80.) stems 

 procumbent, tetragonal, hispid or smoothish ; leaves 6 in a 

 whorl, oblong, cuspidate, glabrous, scabrous along the nerves and 

 edges, 1 -nerved ; peduncles axillary and terminal, 3-flowered, 

 longer than the whorles of leaves ; flowers pedicellate ; fruit be- 

 set with bristles, which are hooked at the apex. I/. H. Native 

 of Carolina, Pennsylvania, New York, Canada, Unalaschka, 

 Sitcha, and Norland, in rather humid shady places. It is com- 

 mon from Quebec to the Rocky Mountains, and as far north as 

 lat. 55, and from the west side of the Rocky Mountains to the 

 Pacific. Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 222. Torrey, fl. 

 un. stat. 1. p. 167. Willd. hort. berol. t. 66. G. cuspidatum, 

 Muhl. cat. p. 15. G. suaveolens, Wahl. fl. lapp. p. 48. Req. 

 diss. mss. ex herb. D. C. There are varieties of this with either 

 rough stems, as in G. aparine, or glabrous stems. Flowers 

 small, white. Habit and scent of Asperula odorata. 



Var. ft, viridiflbrum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 602.) stems smooth ; 

 corollas green. Tf.. H. Native about Moscow, in mossy woods. 

 G. hyssopifolium, Goldb. in litt. 1821. Req. diss. mss. in herb. 

 D. C. 



Three-jlorvered Bed-straw. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1821. PI. 

 procumbent. 



74 G. MARI'TIMUM (Lin. mant. p. 38. but not of Thunb. prod. 

 3.) plant villous all over; stems much branched, tetragonal; 

 leaves 4-6 in a whorl, but the ultimate ones are opposite, all 

 lanceolate-linear, acute ; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered ; corollas 

 and fruit villous or hispid outside. 2/ . H. Native of Nice and 



