656 



RUBIACE^E. CCXVI. GALIUM. 



to G. hirtum, but differs in the angles of the stem being gla- 

 brous. 



field Bed-straw. PI. 1 foot. 



95 G. HUMILE (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 3. p. 226.) 

 stems diffuse, tetragonal, filiform, beset with stiff hairs or gla- 

 brous ; leaves 4 in a whorl, petiolulate, elliptic, acute at both 

 ends, flat, cuspidate, ciliated ; flowers axillary, solitary, oppo- 

 site, on short pedicels, bibracteate ; lobes of corolla acute, rather 

 pilose at the apex ; fruit globose, didymous, downy. Native of 

 the south of Brazil. 



Humble Bed-straw. PI. procumbent. 



8. Maschaligalia (from paxaipa, mac/iaira, sword-grass, 

 and galwm). D. C. prod. 4. p. 605. Perennial plants. Leaves 

 4 in a whorl. Inflorescence axillary. Flowers polygamous, 

 cream-coloured. 



96 G, CORONA'TUM (Sibth et Smith, fl. graac. t. 125.) stems 

 ascending, branched from the base, smooth ; leaves 4 in a whorl, 

 elliptic, obtuse, nearly veinless, with the margins and base cili- 

 ated ; peduncles quinquefid, glabrous, bibracteate; flowers poly- 

 gamous; fruit glabrous. l/.H. Native of Bithynia, on Mount 

 Olympus ; and of Tauria and Caucasus. Valantia Taurica, 

 Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 437. Buxb. cent. 5. p. 47. f. 39. There is a 

 variety of this with rather hispid stems. Flowers pale yellow. 



Var. ft, glaberimum (D. C. prod. 4. p. 605.) stems and lower 

 leaves quite glabrous on the nerve and margins. Tf. . H. Native 

 of Armenia and Cappadocia, on the mountains. Valantia humi- 

 fusa, Willd. spec. 4. p. 949. Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 436. Cruciata 

 orientalis glabra htimifusa, Tourn. cor. p. 4. 



Crowned Bed-straw. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. PI. pro- 

 cumbent. 



97 G. TAU'RICUM (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p'. 250.) stems 

 decumbent, branched, hispid ; leaves 4 in a whorl, elliptic, reti- 

 culated, hispid ; peduncles branched, ciliated, bracteated, de- 

 flexed ; bracteas oblong ; flowers polygamous ; fruit hispid from 

 short down. I/. H. Native of Tauria, in rough places. Va- 

 lantia Taurica, Pall, in Willd. spec. 4. p. 951. act. petr. nov. 10. 

 p. 315. Bieb. suppl. p. 640. D'Urv. cat. no. 138. Valantia 

 redeviva, Hoffm. ex Sieb. Flowers yellow. 



Taurian Bed-straw. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1819. PL dec. 



98 G. VE'RNUM (Scop. earn. ed. 2. no. 144. t. 2.) stems erect, 

 simple or branched from the base ; leaves 4 in a whorl, 3-nerved, 

 ciliated ; peduncles dichotomous, bractless, shorter than the 

 leaves; flowers polygamous ; fruit glabrous. 1. H. Native 

 of France and Switzerland, Upper Italy, Germany, Hungary, 

 Gallicia, Siberia, &c. in grassy places. Stems and leaves glabrous 

 or hispid, with the exception of the cilise. Flowers yellow or 

 cream-coloured. D. C. fl. fr. ed. 3. no. 3353. Very like G. 

 cruciatum. Valdntia verna, G. Don, in Loud. hort. brit. p. 411. 



Var. a, Bauhmii (D. C. prod. 4. p. 605.) leaves oval or 

 elliptic. 2/.H. Valantia glabra, Lin. spec. 1491. Valantia 

 glabra, Waldst. et Kit. hung. t. 32. Valantia crebrifolia, St. 

 Am. fl. agr. p. 424. G. Bauhinii, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 

 218 J. Bauh. hist. 3. p. 717. Flowers yellow. 



Var. ft, Halleri (D. C. prod. 4. p. 605.) leaves oblong ; flowers 

 paler and smaller, if.. H. Valantia glabra, Vill. dauph. 2. p. 

 354. G. Scopolii, Vill. dauph. 1. p. 304. G. rubioides, Sut. fl. 

 helv. 1. p. 88. G. Halleri, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 218. 

 Hall. nom. no. 720. Flowers cream-coloured. 



Spring Bed-straw. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1371. PI. trailing, 

 1 foot. 



99 G. PE'RSICUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 605.) plant quite gla- 

 brous, smooth, erect, of many stems ; leaves 4 in a whorl, ob- 

 long, not ciliated ; peduncles axillary, many-flowered, 3 times 

 shorter than the leaves, bracteate ; fruit 'glabrous. If . H. 

 Native of Persia, near Amadan, where it was collected by Olivier 



and Bruguiere. Flowers yellow in the dried state. Nearly 

 allied to G. vernum, but differs in the plant being perfectly 

 glabrous. 



Persian Bed-straw. PI. - to 1 foot. 



100 G. CRUCIA'TUM (Scop. earn. 1. p. 100.) stems erect; 

 branched from the base, simple at the apex, pilose ; leaves 4 in 

 a whorl, elliptic-oblong or ovate, hairy, 3-nerved ; peduncles 

 hispid, branched ; bracteas 2, oblong, ciliated ; flowers polyga- 

 mous ; fruit glabrous. If. . H. Native of Europe, in hedges, 

 road-sides, and shady places frequent ; plentiful in Britain ; and 

 of Siberia. D. C. fl. fr. no. 3351. Req. diss. mss. G. cruci- 

 atum, Smith, engl. bot. 143. G. Vaillantia, fl. Wett. G. Va- 

 lantia, Baumg. trans. Valantia cruciata, Lin. spec. 1491. Lam. 

 ill. t. 843. f. T. Aparlne latifolia, Mcench. meth. 640. Va- 

 lantia ciliata, Presl. fl. cech. p. 34. but not of Russ. Root 

 creeping. Flowers yellow, and some are 3-cleft. 



Var. ft, angustifolium (D. C. prod. 4. p. 606.) leaves linear- 

 oblong, very scabrous along the edges. If . H. Cultivated in 

 gardens, according to Req. diss. mss. ex D. C. 



Crossmort Bed-straw. Fl. May, June. Britain. PI. 1 foot. 



10 L G. CHERSONE'NSE (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 250.) 

 stems branched, ascending, with hispid angles ; leaves 4 in a 

 whorl, oblong, ciliated, somewhat 3-nerved : nerves hispid be- 

 neath ; peduncles branched, hispid, deflexed, bracteated ; brac- 

 teas oblong, ciliated ; fruit glabrous. I/ . H. Native of Tauria 

 and Caucasus. Valantia Chersonensis, Willd. spec. 4. p. 951. 

 Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. 1977. G. cruciatum, ft, Chersonense, D. 

 C. prod. 4. p. 606. Root creeping. Flowers yellow. Very like 

 G. cruciatum. 



Cherson Bed-straw. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1817. PI. 1 ft. 



SECT. II. ANNUAL SPECIES. APARINE. 



9. Cruciatee (from crux, a cross ; in reference to the dis- 

 position of the 4 leaves in each whorl). D. C. prod 4. p. 605. 

 Cruciata, Tourn. inst. p. 115. Valantia species, Lin. Plants 

 annual. Flowers polygamous ; some male, and some hermaphro- 

 dite, intermixed, yellow. Leaves 4 in a mhorl. Fruit glabrous 

 or pilose. 



102 G. RETRO' RSUM (D. C. prod. 4. p. 605.) stem erect, sim- 

 ple, beset with retrograde prickles along the angles ; leaves 4 in 

 a whorl, oblong, villously ciliated ; peduncles axillary, pilose, 

 nearly simple, reflexed while in fruit ; flowers polygamous, 3-4- 

 cleft ; fruit glabrous. () H. Native of Sicily, Pannonia, and 

 Caucasus, on hills, and in woods on the mountains. G. Pede- 

 montanum, Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 436. Guss. prod. 1. p. 170. but 

 not of All. Vaillantia Pedemontana, Waldst. et Kit. pi. rar. 

 hung. 1. t. 33. but not of Bellardi. Flowers yellow. 



Retrograde-prickled Bed-straw. PI. -J- to 1 foot. 



103 G. PEDEMONTA'NA (All. auct. p. 2.) stem erect, simple, 

 slender, loosely villous ; leaves 4 in a whorl, oval-oblong, hispid; 

 peduncles bractless, 3-4-flowered, shorter than the leaves, de- 

 flexed after flowering ; flowers polygamous ; fruit glabrous, 

 globose, didymous. O- H. Native of the south of Europe, 

 as of Portugal, Spain, Vallais, Piedmont, &c. in sterile dry 

 places. D. C. fl. fr. ed. 3. no. 3352. Req. diss. mss. Valantia 

 Pedemontana, Bell, append. 46. t. 5. act. taur. 5. t. 7. but not 

 of Kit. G. chloranthum, Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 149. Fruit some- 

 times truly globose, from one of the cells being abortive. Flowers 

 yellow, very like those of G. cruciatum. 



Var. ft, rejlexum (Presl. fl. sic. prod. p. 123.) fruit rough from 

 stiff pili. O. H. Native of Sicily, among grass on the moun- 

 tains and in groves. Perhaps a proper species. 



Piedmont Bed-straw. Fl. July. Clt. 1799. PI. | to 1 foot. 



104 G. GIBRALTA'RICUM (Schott, in isis. 1828. p. 821.) stems 



