. CCXVI. GALIUM. CCXV1I. CALLIPELTIS. 



661 



peduncles axillary, solitary, 1 -flowered, very short; flowers 

 drooping ; fruit glabrous, if. . H. Native of Carolina. Fertile 

 branches ascending. Said to be nearly allied to G. linctdrium. 

 Flowers white. G. uniflorum, Req. ined. in herb. D. C. is a 

 variety of G. triflorum. 



One-flowered Bed-straw. PI. ascending. 



154 G. PARVIFLORUM (Rafin. med. disp. 5. and in Desv. journ. 

 hot. 1. p. 227.) stems diffuse, angular, glabrous ; leaves 5-6 in 

 a whorl, linear-lanceolate, very acute, glabrous ; flowers very 

 numerous, panicled. Native of North America, about New- 

 castle and Delaware. Flowers small, white. 



Small-flowered Bed-straw. PI. diffuse. 



155 G. spiNUL6suM (Rafin. med. serm. p. 40. but not of 

 Merat.) plant diffuse ; leaves 4-6 in a whorl, cuneiform, cuspi- 

 date, spinulose, scabrous; peduncles lateral, dichotomous, many- 

 flowered ; fruit scabrous. Native of Maryland. Desv. journ. 

 bot. 4. p. 270. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 528. 



Spinulose Bed-straw. PI. diffuse. 



156 G. ? MEXICA'NUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. 

 p. 337.) stem beset with retrograde prickles; leaves 8 in a whorl, 

 linear, acuminately pungent, glabrous, with revolute edges, 

 which are, as well as the middle nerve, rough from retrograde 

 prickles, one-half shorter than the internodes ; corymbs ter- 

 minal, sub-trichotomous ; fruit hispid. 0. H. Native of Mexico, 

 near Guanaxuato. Perhaps a species of Rubia. 



Mexican Bed-straw. PI. 1-J foot. 



* * * * 



Species natives of South America. 



157 G. DENTICULA'TUM (Bartl. in herb. Haenke, ex D. C. 

 prod. 4. p. 612.) stems diffuse, branched, rather hispid from 

 bristles ; leaves 4 in a whorl, ovate, cuspidate, ciliated by dis- 

 tant bristles, rather hairy on both surfaces, 1-nerved; flowers 

 few, terminal, usually by threes ; pedicels capillary ; fruit gla- 

 brous. Native of Mexico, at Real del Monte. Perhaps a spe- 

 cies of Rubia. 



Denticulated-]eaved Bed-straw. PI. diffuse. 



158 G. HIRSU'TUM (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 59.) stems pro- 

 cumbent, tetragonal, much branched, hairy ; leaves 4 in a whorl, 

 lanceolate, reflexed, hairy ; peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered, soli- 

 tary, short; fruit scabrous. O- H. Native of Peru, in the 

 province of Canta, in shady places. Perhaps a species of 

 Rubia. 



Hairy Bed-straw. PI. procumbent. 



159 G. PILIFERUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 

 337.) stems weak, beset with retrograde prickles ; leaves 8 in a 

 whorl, linear-lanceolate, acuminated by hairs, glabrous, with re- 

 volute edges, which are, as well as the middle nerve, beset with 

 retrograde prickles, much shorter than the internodes ; flowers 

 terminal, on long peduncles ; fruit hispid. 0. H. Native of 

 New Granada, on the Andes. This plant ought probably to be 

 excluded from the genus, on account of its campanulate corolla. 

 Habit of G. uligiribsum. 



Piliferous Bed-straw. PI. procumbent. 



160 G. CANE'SCENS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 

 336.) stems almost glabrous; branches and leaves villous; 

 leaves 4 in a whorl, ovate, acuminated, triple-nerved, canes- 

 cent beneath, much shorter than the internodes ; floriferous 

 branches bifid ; flowers lateral and axillary, solitary and terminal, 

 by threes ; fruit beset with hooked bristles. . H. Native 

 about the town of Quito. Habit of G. maritima, but is said to 

 be annual. Perhaps a species of Rubia. 



Canescent Bed-straw. PI. procumbent. 



161 G. CARIPE'NSE (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 

 337.) stem glabrous, beset with retrograde prickles ; leaves 8 in 

 a whorl, upper ones 6, oblong-lanceolate, mucronate, having the 



margins beset with retrograde prickles, much shorter than the 

 internodes ; flowers terminal, usually by threes, pedunculate ; 

 fruit hispid. . H. Native of Cumana, near Caripe, in shady 

 places. Said to be allied to G. tinctorium, but is annual. 



Caripe Bed-straw. PI. diffuse. 



162 G. LAPPA'CEUM (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 59.) stem ra- 

 ther scandent, much branched, tetragonal ; branches villous, 

 dichotomous ; leaves oblong or obovate, 4 in a whorl, hispid : 

 upper ones 3 in a whorl, lanceolate ; peduncles axillary, 1 - 

 flowered ; fruit hispid from bristles. Native of Peru, about 

 Huanaco, at Puelles Collem. The fruit is said to be baccate. 

 Perhaps a species of Rubia. 



Burdock -fruited Bed-straw. PI. climbing. 



known. 



Species the native habitats of which are un- 



163 G. DICHOTOMUM (Lehm. ind. sem. hort. hamb. 1823. p. 

 7.) stem dichotomous, frutescent, quadrangular ; leaves 4 in a 

 whorl, obovate-lanceolate ; fruit glabrous. }/ . H. Native 

 country unknown. Said to be allied to G. fruticbsum, but the 

 leaves are much broader and shorter, and the flowers are 

 larger. 



Dichotomous-stemmed Bed-straw. Shrub. 



164 G. RIGIDUM (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 144.) stem erect, te- 

 rete, pilose, rather scabrous ; leaves verticillate, linear, scabrous 

 above; panicles divaricate. 2. H. Native country unknown. 



Stiff Bed-straw. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1778. PI. 1 foot. 



Cult. The species of Galium are of the most easy culture 

 and propagation. They will all grow in any common soil. The 

 perennial kinds are easily increased by dividing the plants, or by 

 seeds. The seeds of annual species should be sown where the 

 plants are intended to remain. Those species natives of bogs or 

 marshes should be planted in a moist situation ; and those natives 

 of warmer climates should be protected during winter, either by 

 covering with mats or haulm of other herbs, or4jy placing them 

 in a green-house. None of them are worth cultivating, unless in 

 botanical gardens. 



CCXVII. CALLIPE'LTIS (from raXXoc, kallos, beauty, and 

 7T\rij, pelte, a buckler ; in reference to the large hollow brae- 

 teas). Stev. obs. pi. ross. p. 69. D. C. prod. 4. p. 613. 

 Cucullaria, Buxb. cent. 1. p. 13. t. 19. f. 2. but not of Schreb. 

 nor Rafin. Valantia species, Lin. Galium species, Rcem. et 

 Shultes. 



LIN. SYST. Telrdndria, Digynia. Calyx with an oblong tube, 

 and the limb not perspicuous. Corolla 4-parted, campanulate ; 

 lobes ovate, very short. Stamens 4, very short. Stigmas 2. 

 Fruit oblong, rather incurved ; one of the mericarps being abor- 

 tive, the fruit is only 1-seeded. An annual, erect, much- 

 branched, slender, glabrous herb. Leaves 2, oblong, and sti- 

 pulas 2, very like the leaves, constituting a 4-leaved whorl. 

 Flowers 3 from each axil, on short pedicels, and therefore con- 

 stituting C-flowered whorles. Bractea large, membranous, com- 

 plicate, and as if it were holding the fruit within its hollow. 

 Flowers small, all fertile. Fruit hispid at the apex. 



1 C. CUCULLA'RIA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 013.) . H. Native 

 of Cappadocia, Arabia, Persia, at Aleppo, Iberia ; and of 

 Spain, at Aranjuez. Valantia cucullaria, Lin. amcen. acad. 4. 

 p. 295. Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 438. Lam. ill. t. 843. f. 2. Buxb. 

 cent. 1. p. 13. t. 19. f. 2. Galium cucullaria, Room, et Schultes, 

 syst. 3. p. 259. Flowers whitish. 



CucaMzr-bractead Callipeltis. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1780. 

 PI. -j to 1 foot. 



Cult. Sow the seeds in a warm dry situation, where the plants 

 are intended to remain for seed. 



