VALERIANEiE. IV. VALERIANELLA. 



rust. t. 24. Flowers pale blue. There is a variety of this 

 species having the upper leaves toothed or jagged according 

 to Vahl. Lamb's lettuce is also called corn-salad; Acker- 

 salat in German, and Valerianella in Italian. It is a dimi- 

 nutive annual plant, common in corn-fields or sandy soils. 

 The leaves are of a pale glaucous hue, and rather succulent. 

 When cultivated it rises almost a foot high, and flowers in 

 March. Gerarde tells us that foreigners using it while in 

 England led to its being cultivated in our gardens. It is used 

 in salads through the winter and early in spring, both as a substi- 

 tute for common lettuce in those seasons, and to increase the 

 variety of small salads. For these purposes it has long been a 

 favourite plant in France under the denominations ofmache, dou- 

 cette, salade de chanolne, and poule grass. It is raised from 

 seed, of which a quarter of an ounce is sufficient for a bed 4 feet 

 by 5. To answer the common demand 2 or at most 3 sowings 

 will be sufficient, viz. a principal sowing at the beginning or 

 towards the middle of August, a secondary sowing early in Sep- 

 tember, to furnish together crops in winter and early spring ; 

 and a smaller sowing in spring, at the close of February or in 

 the course of March, if the plants are required in continuation 

 throughout that season, though they are apt to get rank tasted 

 in warm dry weather. If wanted throughout summer, sow 

 once a month, and cut the crop quite young. Sow the seeds in 

 any bed of common mellow earth, broad cast, and rake in the 

 seed. When the plants are up, thin them to 2 or 3 inches 

 asunder, that they may have room to acquire some small stocky 

 growth for gathering. For seed leave some plants in spring. 



Var. /3, lasiocdrpa (Rchb. 1. c. f. E.) fruit downy. 



Salad Lamb's-lettuce. Fl. April, May. Britain. PI. \ to 1 ft. 



2 V. RADIA'TA (Dufr. val. p. 57.) fruit oblong, rather tetra- 

 gonal, glabrous, smooth ; limb of calyx obliquely truncate, 

 almost wanting ; sterile cells of fruit combined in one, from the 

 dissepiment being incomplete, equal in size to the fertile one ; 

 bracteas linear-oblong, spreading, ciliated a little ; leaves ob- 

 long-spatulate, attenuated at the base, subdentate. Q. H. Na- 

 tive from Pennsylvania to Carolina, in corn-fields. Valeriana 

 radiata, Willd. spec. 1. p. 185. Fedia radiata, Michx. fl. bor. 

 amer. 1. p. 18. Bart. comp. 1. p. 20. Fruit downy, according 

 to Michx. but in the specimen it is obviously glabrous. Flowers 

 pink. Perhaps only a variety of V. olitoria. The young leaves 

 are used as a salad. 



Rayed Lamb's-lettuce. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1821. PI. | 

 to 1 foot. 



3V.? EXSCA'PA (Stev. mem. soc. mosc. 3. p. 251.) fruit 2- 

 celled, one of which is sterile, obovate, ribbed, glabrous, sessile 

 at the neck, and protruded at the apex, and 5-6-toothed : teeth 

 oblong, straight, thick : leaves ligulate, glabrous ; stem none. 

 () H. Native of Caucasus, near Gandsha. Fedia exscapa, 

 Stev. mem. mosc. 5. p. 354. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 1. p. 366. 

 Fedia acaulis, Bieb. suppl. p. 35. Flowers pink. The fruit is 

 said to be 2-celled, with both the cells fertile, but it is probably 

 like the other species, having only one of the cells fertile, and 

 the 2 sterile combined ones. 



Sea/ eless Lamb's-lettuce. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820. PI. 

 \ to ^ foot. 



* * Mature fruit 3-celled. 



4 V. TU'RGIDA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 626.) fruit nearly globose, 

 compressed on one side and concave- convex, almost awnless, gla- 

 brous ; fertile cell turgid, convex and cellular on the back, and 

 the 2 sterile cells about equal in size to the fertile one ; bracteas 

 oblong, spreading, ciliated ; flowers subcapitate ; leaves ob- 

 ovate : upper ones oblong-linear, quite entire. Q. H. Native 

 of Tauria, in corn-fields. Fedia turgida, Stev. mem, mosc. 2. 

 p. 1 78. but not of others. A very distinct species. 



Turgid Lamb's-lettuce. PI. | to 1 foot. 



5 V. GIBBOSA (D. C. coll. mem. t. 3. f. 3.) fruit globose, 

 somewhat compressed, glabrous, crownless, coarctate and flat on 

 one side, and gibbous on the other, and furnished with 2 stripes 

 on both sides ; fertile cell turgid, cellular, and furnished with a 

 furrow ; and the 2 sterile ones smaller, and furrowed on the 

 back ; bracteas linear-oblong, spreading, quite entire ; flowers 

 subcapitate ; leaves oblong-linear, entire. H. Native of 

 Sicily, on the mountains in exposed places. Fedia gibbosa, 

 Guss. 1. p. 28. Herb smoothish, 2-3 inches high. Nearly 

 allied to V. turgida. 



Gibbous- fruited Lamb's-lettuce. PI. -j foot. 



6 V. COSTA'TA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 626.) fruit roundish, a little 

 compressed, glabrous, not crowned ; fertile cell turgidly cellular 

 and convex on the back, and the two sterile ones profoundly 

 furrowed on the back ; bracteas oblong, spreading, with glabrous 

 edges ; flowers subcapitate ; leaves linear-oblong, quite entire. 

 O- H. Native of the south of Tauria, in vineyards. Fedia 

 costata, Stev. mem mosc. 5. p. 344. Bieb. suppl. p. 28. Herb 

 1-2 inches long, simple, slender, smoothish. Fruit nearly allied 

 to V. turgida and V. gibbosa, but much smaller. 



Ribbed-fruited Lamb's-lettuce. PI. 1 to 2 inches. 



2. Psilocce'lce (from \JJI\OQ, psilos, slender, and ratXoc, koi- 

 los, a hollow ; in reference to the oarrow sterile cells of the fruit). 

 D. C. prod. 4. p. 626. Fruit 3-celled, fiatlish in front; fertile 

 cell not cellularly turgid on the back ; and the 2 sterile ones fili- 

 form, and much narrower than the fertile one, usually close and 

 nerve-formed. 



* Limb of calyx parted into recurved stiffish teeth. 



7 V. UNCINA'TA (Dufr. val. p. 60.) fruit oblong, pyramidal, 

 rather downy while young, glabrous in the adult state ; sterile 

 cells 2, very narrow; limb of calyx tubular, 7-9-toothed; teeth 

 acute, stiff, recurved ; bracteas linear, spreading, glabrous ; cau- 

 line leaves pinnatifid ; radical leaves spatulate. Q. H. Native 

 of Tauria and Eastern Caucasus, in dry places of mountains ; 

 and at the Bosphorus. D'Urv. enum. no. 30. D. C. coll. mem. 

 t. 3. f. 4. Fedia uncinata, Stev. mem. mosc. 5. p. 352. Bieb. 

 fl. taur. 1. p. 26. Rchb. pi. crit. t. 69. Valeriana pubescens, 

 Hopp. hot. zeit. 1825. p. 359. ex Schultes. Flowers lilac. 



Hooked-ca\yxed Lamb's-lettuce. Fl. May, June. JClt. 1822. 

 PI. | to 1 foot. 



8 V. ECHINA'TA (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 242.) fruit oblong, some- 

 what tetragonal, trisulcate, glabrous; sterile cells of fruit very 

 narrow ; calyx with 3 conically subulate, stiff and recurved 

 teeth ; bracteas oblong, obtuse, glabrous, spreading ; leaves 

 entire .or toothed, and are as well as the stem glabrous. Q. H. 

 Native in the region of the Mediterranean, from Madrid to 

 Tauria, in corn-fields. Dufr. val. 61. t. 30. f. 10. Fedia echi- 

 nata, Vahl, enum. 2. p. 19. Stev. et Bieb. 1. c. Rchb. pi. crit. 

 p. 68. Valeriana echinata, Lin. spec. p. 47. C. Bauh. pin. 

 p. 165. Garid. aix. t. 94. Col. ecphr. t. 206. Moris, ox. sect. 

 7. t. 16. f. 28. Flowers pink. 



Echinated- fruited Lamb's-lettuce. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1 807. 

 PI. 1 foot. 



9 V. CORNICULA'TA (Meyer, verz. pfl. p. 49.) fruit oblong, 

 with the 2 sterile cells filiform, and the fertile one convex on the 

 back ; crown of fruit tubular, tridentate : teeth elongated, linear, 

 usually denticulated, straight or hooked at the apex. . H. 

 Native of Caucasus, in corn-fields near Baku. Habit of plant 

 nearer to V. uncinata than to V. echinala. 



Horned-fruited Lamb's-lettuce. PI. ^ to 1 foot. 



* Limb of calyx erect, toothed or entire, never recurved. 



10 V. ERIOCA'RPA (Desv. journ. hot. 2. p. 314. t. 11. f. 2.) 

 fruit ovate, obsoletely ribbed, hispid ; the 2 sterile cells of fruit 



