(>72 



VALERIANE^E. VIII. CENTRANTHUS. IX. VALERIANA. 



VIII. CENTRA'NTHUS (from Kevrpov, kentron, a spur, and 

 aydog, anthos, a flower ; in reference to the corolla being fur- 

 nished with a spur at the base). D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 238. Dufr. 

 val. p. 38. D. C. prod. 4. p. 631. Kentranthus, Neck. elem. 

 l.p. 123. 



LIN. SYST. Mondndria, Monogynia. Limb of calyx involute 

 (f. 1 14. b.) when the flower is in blossom, but afterwards it un- 

 folds into a deciduous pappus, composed of many plumose bris- 

 tles (f. 114. A.). Corolla with an obconical tube, which is 

 spurred at the base (f. ll4. c.), and a regular 5-lobed limb (f. 

 114. </.). Stamen 1 (f. 114. e.). Fruit indehiscent, 1-celled, 

 and 1-seeded at maturity. Quite glabrous European herbs. 

 Leaves undivided or pinnate. Flowers red or white, unilateral 

 along the branches of the panicle, which is corymbose. 



Spur of flower elongated. Flowers red, very rarely white. 



1 C. LONGIFLORUS (Stev. obs. pi. ross. p. 76.) leaves lanceo- 

 late-linear, quite entire ; spur of corolla about equal in length to 

 the tube, and about twice the length of the ovarium ; genitals 

 twice the length of the limb of the corolla. I/ . H. Native of 

 Armenia, about Tiflis, among rocks. C. angustifolius, Bieb. fl. 

 taur. 1. p. 67. but not of D. C. The leaves are intermediate in 

 breadth between the two following, and are probably glaucous 

 like them. Corollas red, an inch long. 



Long-flowered Spurred- Valerian. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1817. 

 PI. 1 to 2 feet. 



2 C. ANGUSTIFOLIUS (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 239.) leaves linear-lan- 

 ceolate, quite entire; spur one-half shorter than the tube of the 

 corolla, and about equal in length to the ovarium ; genitals much 

 exserted. %. H. Native of Spain, south of France, Switzer- 

 land, Italy, Greece, on the mountains in stony open places. 

 Dufr. val. p. 39. Val. rubra, /3, Lin. spec. p. 44. Valeriana 

 angustifolia, Cav. icon. 4. t. 353. Sibth. and Smith, fl. graec. t. 

 29. but not of Host. Val. monandra, Vill. delph. 2. p. 280. 

 Flowers red, half an inch long. This plant does not change under 

 cultivation. 



Narrow-leaved Spurred- Valerian. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1759. 

 PI. 1 to 2 feet. 



3 C. RU V BER (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 632.) leaves ovate or lanceo- 

 late : upper ones unequal at the base, toothed a little ; spur one- 

 half shorter than the tube, and much longer than the ovarium ; 

 genitals exceeding the corolla but a very little. 1. H. Native 

 of the south of Europe, the Levant, north of Africa, and on 

 Mount Vesuvius, and now cultivated in almost every garden. It 

 is to be found in some parts of Britain, on chalk cliffs, on walls, 

 and among rubbish, but is probably an escape from gardens. 

 Stev. obs. pi. ross. p. 67. C. maritimus, Gray, brit. arr. 2. p. 

 479. C. latifolius, Dufr. val. p. 38. H. B. et Kunth, nov. 3. 

 p. 323. Valeriana rubra, All. ped. 1. p. 1. Valeriana rubra, 

 a, Lin. spec. p. 44. engl. bot. t. 1531. Berg. phyt. t. 141. Do- 

 don, pempt. 351. f. 1. Riv. mon. t. 3. f. 2. Plant of a glau- 

 cous hue. Flowers red. There is a variety of this with narrow 

 leaves, and another with white flowers. In this and the preced- 

 ing the root is sweet-scented, and the stem sufFruticose at the 

 base. 



Aerf-flowered Spurred- Valerian. Fl. May, July. Britain. PI. 

 2 to 3 feet. 



* * Spur of flower very short (f. 114. c.). Flowers white. 



4 C. NERVOSUM (Moris, clench, sard. 2. p. 4.) leaves all ellip- 

 tic or oblong-lanceolate, attenuated into the petioles, 3-7-nerved, 

 quite entire ; flowers cymosely corymbose ; spur very short. %. . 

 H. Native of Corsica, at a place called Alle Trinita, and of Sar- 

 dinia, on the mountains. Valeriana trinervis, Viv. fl. cors. p. 3. 

 add. fl. ital. p. 67. Flowers white. 



Nen-ed-\ea\eA Spurred-Valerian. PI. 1 foot. 



5 C. CALCITRA'PA (Dufr. val. p. 39.) radical leaves ovate, 



8 



FIG. 114. 



entire, or lyrate : upper ones pinnatifid ; flowers rather pani- 

 cled ; spur very short. O- H. Native of Europe, in the 

 region of the Mediterranean, and the temperate parts of France. 

 Hoffm. et Link, fl. port. 2. p. 72. Valeriana calcitr&pa, Lin. 

 spec. p. 44. Sibth. et Smith, fl. 

 graec. t. 30. Val. annua, Gray, 

 brit. arr. 2. p. 478. Clus. hist. 

 2. p. 54. with a figure. Mor. 

 hist. sect. 7. t. 14. I! 7. Flowers 

 white, tinged with red. 



Var. jj, orbiculata (D. C. 

 prod. 4. p. 632.) lower leaves 

 cordate-orbicular, denticulated : 

 upper ones pinnatifid at the base. 



0. H. Native of the Island of 

 Cyprus and Balearic Islands, &c. 



C. orbiculatus, Dufr. Valeri- 

 ana orbiculata, Sibth. et Smith, 

 fl. graec. 1. p. 21. 



C'aZ/rop-leaved Spurred-Va- 

 lerian. Fl. May, July. Clt. 

 1683. PI. | to H foot. 



Cult. All the species are elegant border-flowers. They will 

 grow in any common soil, or on walls or rock-work, and are all 

 readily increased by seed. 



IX. VALERIA'NA (said by some to be named after one 

 Valerius, who is said to have used this plant first in medicine ; 

 and by others to be from valere, to be in health, on account of 

 the medicinal qualities of V.offic'malis). Neck. elem. 1. p. 123. 



D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 238. Rcem. et Schultes, syst. no. 119. D. C. 

 prod. 4. p. 632. Valeriana, Phyllactis, and Astrephia, Dufr. 

 Valeriana species and Oligacoce species, Willd. 



LIN. SYST. Tridndria, Monogynia. Limb of calyx involute 

 in the time of blossom, but it unfolds itself at last into a deci- 

 duous pappus, which is composed of many plumose bristles (f. 

 1 15. rf.). Corolla with an obconical or cylindrical tube (f. 115. 

 b.), which is equal at the base or gibbous, but not spurred, with 

 a bluntly 5-cleft limb (f. 115. 6.), rarely 3-cleft. Stamens 3 (f. 

 115. b.). Fruit indehiscent, 1-celled and 1-seeded at maturity. 

 Herbs or subshrubs. Leaves variable even in the same plant. 

 Flowers corymbose, capitate or panicled, nearly all white, rarely 

 blue, rose-coloured, or yellow. 



SECT. I. PHYLLA'CTIS (from <bv\\ov, phyllon, a leaf, and ami', 

 actin, a ray; in reference to the heads of flowers being involu- 

 crated). D. C. prod. 4. p. 632.- Phyllactis, Pers. ench. 1 p. 

 39. Corolla 3-cleft. Flowers densely aggregate, involucrated. 

 Stems none. Leaves all radical, entire. Perhaps a proper 

 genus. 



1 V. RIGIDA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 39. t. 65. f. c.) stem- 

 less ; leaves crowded in a stellate manner, linear-lanceolate, pun- 

 gent, quite entire, glabrous, coriaceous ; corymbs sessile, crowded, 

 head-formed ; corolla 3-cleft ; genitals exserted. I/. . F. Na- 

 tive of Quito and Peru, on the tops of the Alps. H. B. et 

 Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 324. Phyllactis rigida, Pers. ench. 



1. p. 39. Dufr. val. p. 52. Flowers white. 

 Stiff Valerian. PI. tufted. 



2 V. TENUiFOLiA(RuizetPav. fl.per. l.p. 39.t.65. f.d.) plant 

 stemless ; leaves crowded in a stellate manner, linear-subulate, 

 ciliated at the base, very unequal, outer ones very long ; corymbs 

 sessile, crowded, head-formed ; corollas 3-cleft ; genitals ex- 

 serted. 1{. F. Native of Peru, on the tops of the Alps. 

 Phyllactis tenuifblia, Pers. ench, 1. p. 39. Dufr. val. p. 53. 

 Flowers white. 



Fine-leaved Valerian. PI. tufted. 



