DIPSACE/E. I. MORINA. 



681 



petalous (f. 117. f. f. 118. e.), inserted in the top of the tube, 

 rarely ringent, but usually unequal (f. 117. f. f. 118. e.}, 4-5- 

 cleft. Stamens 4 (f. 118.y.), inserted in the tube of the corolla, 

 and alternating with its lobes, nearly always distinct and free ; 

 anthers 2-celled. Style filiform (f. 1 1 8. g.) ; stigma simple, longi- 

 tudinal or subcapitate. Fruit indehiscent, membranous or sub- 

 nucumentaceous (f. 118. /(. f. 117. c.), crowned by the limb of the 

 calyx (f. 117. L f. 118. i.), 1-celled, 1-seeded, usually covered 

 by the involucel (f. 1 1 7. g.) Seed pendulous in the fruit ; albumen 

 fleshy. Embryo straight, with a superior radicle. -Herbs or 

 subshrubs. Leaves opposite, rarely verticillate, very variable in 

 form, and even so in the same individual, the radical and cauline 

 ones being very different. Flowers in dense heads, girded by 

 involucra, very rarely in whorles. Involucel calyciform, girding 

 the flower. 



This order was formerly joined with Valenanece, but is rea- 

 dily distinguished from it, by the whole habit, by the flowers 

 being in involucrated heads, and the single flowers being involu- 

 cellate; by the fruit being constantly 1-celled and 1-seeded, in 

 the stamens being always 4 in number, by the stigmas being 

 simple, and by the seeds being albuminous. In this latter respect 

 it agrees with the order Calycerece, but is distinguished from it 

 in the embryo being erect, not inverted, and in the anthers being 

 free, not combined into a tube. It agrees also with Composites, 

 from which it differs in its distinct stamens, and its pendulous 

 albuminous seeds. What is called the involucel is a curious 

 organ, resembling an external calyx, and is to each particular 

 flower in the head of Dipsacece, what the partial involucrum of 

 Composites is to each umbellule. In several species of Scabiosa 

 the ovarium is entirely united with the tube of the calyx. Mr. 

 Brown remarks, that the base of the style coheres with the nar- 

 row apex of the tube of the calyx, even in those plants of the 

 order in which the dilated part of the tube is entirely distinct from 

 the ovarium. This kind of partial cohesion between pistillum and 

 calyx is directly opposite to what usually takes place, namely, the 

 base of the ovarium being coherent, while its upper is distinct. 

 It equally, however, determines the apparent origin or insertion 

 of the corolla and stamina, producing the unexpected combina- 

 tion of flos superus with ovarium liberum. The order also 

 agrees in many respects with Nyctaginece and Globulannece. 



The plants contained in this order have almost the habit of 

 Composite ; all have the flowers growing in heads. Many of 

 them are elegant border-flowers, and are cultivated with great 

 facility. Some of the species of Scabiosa have been employed 

 as diaphoretic and anti-syphilitic, but are now neglected. 



Synopsis of the genera. 



TRIBE I. 



MORINE^E. Corolla ringent. Stamens 4, combined by tnios, 

 or didynamous. Flowers verticillate, bracteated. 



1 MOR!NA. Involucrum 1-leaved, campanulate, with spiny- 

 toothed edges. Calyx with an ovate tube, and a foliaceous bifid 

 limb. Corolla long, tubular. 



TRIBE II. 

 ScABi6sE. Corolla 4-5-cleft (f. 118. e.), not ringent. Sta- 



VOL. III. 



mens 4-5 (f. 1 18./.), free, nearly equal. Flowers aggregate upon 

 a receptacle (f. 118. c.), the heads involucrated by a general iu- 

 volucrum, and each flower girded by a calyciform involucel 

 (f. 117. fr )- 



2 DI'PSACUS. Involucrum of many leaves, much longer than 

 the paleae among the flowers, which are foliaceous. Corolla 4- 

 cleft. Stamens 4. Fruit crowned by the subtetragonal limb of 

 the calyx, inclosed within the involucel. 



3 CEPHALA V RIA. Involucrum of many imbricated leaves, 

 which are shorter than the paleae (f. 116, a). Involucel ter- 

 minated by a 4-8-toothed crown. Corolla 4-cleft (f. 116. c.). 

 Stamens 4. Fruit tetragonal, crowned by the limb of the calyx, 

 and inclosed within the involucel. 



4 KNAU'TIA. Involucrum of many leaves. Paleae none. 

 Receptacles hairy. Involucel girding the fruit, denticulated at 

 the apex. Limb of calyx cup-shaped. Corolla 4-5-cleft. Sta- 

 mens 4. 



5 PTEROCE'PHALUS. Involucrum double, each series of 4-6 

 leaves. Receptacle villous or chaffy. Involucel toothed (f. 117. 

 h.) or awned. Limb of calyx ending in feathery bristles (f. 117. i. 

 f. 118. i.). Corolla 5-cleft. Stamens 4, rarely 2-3. 



6 SCABIOSA. Involucrum of many leaves. Receptacle chaffy. 

 Involucels usually subcylindrical. Limb of calyx attenuated into 

 a neck at the base, and ending in 5 awned bristles. Corolla 

 4-5-cleft. Stamens 4. 



Tribe I. 



MORTNEjE (this tribe only contains the genus Marina}. 

 D. C. prod. 4. p. 644. Corolla ringent. Stamens 4, didyna- 

 mous, or combined by twos. Flowers verticillate, bracteate. 



I. MORI V NA (so named by Tournefort after Louis Morin, 

 M. D. member of the Academy of Sciences at Paris, who first 

 raised it from seed in his garden at the Abbey of St. Victor. 

 He gave lectures on botany in the Jardin du Roi, Paris, in place 

 of Tournefort, while he was in the Levant). Tourn. cor. p. 48. 

 Lin. gen. no. 41. Lam. ill. 21. Coult.dips p. 21. D.C. prod. 4. 

 p. 644. Diototheca,Vaill. mem. acad. par. 1722. but not of Rafin. 



LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Involucel 1-leaved, tubu- 

 larly campanulate, destitute of foveolae, with spinosely-toothed 

 margins. Tube of calyx ovate : limb foliaceous, bifid : lobes 

 oblong, entire or bifid. Corolla long, tubular, ringent. Sta- 

 mens 4, sometimes free, didynamous, and sometimes joined 

 together by pairs, diadelphous. Stigma peltately capitate. 

 Fruit crowned by the lobes of the calyx, and girded by the in- 

 volucel. Perennial, simple, erect herbs, with the habit of C'dr- 

 duus. Leaves oblong, sinuated, dentately spinose, rarely quite; 

 entire. Flowers crowded in whorles in the axils of the superior 

 leaves. Floral leaves shorter, almost palmately spiny-toothed. 



SECT. I. DIOTOCA'LYX (from &c, dis, twice, and ovc WT-OC, ous 

 otos, an ear, and k-aXv, kalyx, a calyx ; in reference to the limb 

 of the calyx being of 2 lobes). D. C. prod. 4. p. 644. Leaves 

 sinuated and spinosely toothed. Lobes of calyx 2, oblong, more 

 or less emarginate at the apex, unarmed. Stamens combined 

 by twos, perhaps in all the species. 



1 M. PE'RSICA (Lin. spec. p. 39.) leaves pinnate-parted : 

 lobes ending in long hard spines ; floral leaves and corollas vil- 

 lous : lobes of calyx retuse, slightly emarginate. Tf. . F. Na- 

 tive of Persia about Ispahan, Syria, Asia Minor, and on Mount 

 Parnassus, Sibth. et Smith, fl. grsec. t. 28. Coult. dips. 21. t. 1. 

 f. 1. M. orientulis carlinsefolia, Tourn. voy. 2. p. 282. with a 

 4S 



