682 



DIPSACEjE. I. MORINA. II. DIPSACUS. 



figure. M. orientalis, Mill. M. verticillata, Mocnch. suppl. 

 Flowers white and reddish on the same plant. Stamens joined 

 from the base to the anthers by twos. 



Persian Morina. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1740. PI. 2 to 3 ft. 



2 M. LONGIFOLIA (Wall. cat. no. 426. D. C. prod. 4. p. 644.) 

 leaves sinuately pinnatifid, and somewhat spiny-ciliated ; floral 

 leaves rather villous ; lobes of calyx emarginate. Tf.. F. Na- 

 tive of Nipaul, at Gosaingsthan. Stem terete, not furrowed. 

 Leaves of the consistence and form of those of Cirsium olera- 

 ccum, almost a foot long, and hardly an inch broad. Spikes of 

 flowers interrupted at the base. Floral leaves ovate-lanceolate. 

 Lobes of calyx as in M. Perslca, but more emarginate. Corolla 

 and genitals unknown. 



Long-leaved Morina. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 



3 M. I-OLYPIIY'LLA (Wall. cat. no. 425. D. C. prod. 4. p. 

 644.) leaves pinnatifid : lobes spinosely toothed ; floral leaves 

 rather villous, elongated, stiffly spinose ; lobes of calyx deeply 

 divided. !{.. F. Native of Nipaul, at Gosaingsthan. Inter- 

 mediate between M. Perslca and M. longifolia, but is distin- 

 guished from them in the leaves being more elongated and acu- 

 minated, and in the lobes of the calyx being bifid beyond the 

 middle. Corolla and genitals unknown. 



Many-leaved Morina. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 



SECT. II. ACANTHOCALYX (from aicavdos, acanthos, a spine, 

 and Ka\v,, kalyx, a calyx ; in reference to the limb of the calyx 

 being spiny-toothed). D. C. prod. 4. p. 645. Leaves quite 

 entire, except the floral ones, which are a little spiny-toothed. 

 Limb of calyx oblique, irregularly spiny-toothed. Stamens 4, 

 distinct, didynamous. 



4 M. NA'NA(\Vall. cat. no. 424. D. C. prod. 4. p. 645.) cau- 

 line leaves quite entire : floral ones bearing spines at the base ; 

 involucel 1 -leaved, ciliated by spines ; limb of calyx oblique, 

 irregularly spiny-toothed. I/ . F. Native of Nipaul, at Go- 

 saingsthan. M. Nipaulensis, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. prod. 161. 

 Stem vilious at top, as well as the young leaves. Flowers red. 

 Corollas villous outside, 3 times longer than the calyx. 



Dwarf Morina. PI. -j to 1 foot. 



Cult. The species of Morina thrive best in a light rich soil ; 

 and may be increased by dividing at the root, or by seed. 



Tribe II. 



SCABIO'SE-iE (this tribe contains plants agreeing with Sca- 

 bibsa in having capitate flowers). D. C. prod. 4. p. 645. 

 Dipsacece, Wallr. sched. crit. p. 41. Corolla 4-5-cleft (f. 1 17. f. 

 f. 118. /.), not ringent. Stamens 4-5, free (f. 118. /.), nearly 

 equal. Flowers crowded in heads upon receptacles, each head 

 girded by a general involucrum (f. 117. a.), with usually distinct 

 paleas on the lower side, and each flower girded by a calyciform 

 involucel (f. 117. e. f. 118. d.). 



II. DI'PSACUS (said to be from Si\^aia, dipsao, to thirst ; pro- 

 bably in consequence of the connate leaves holding water : Sufja- 

 KOC, dipsakos, is also the Greek name for the disease called dia- 

 betes, which is always accompanied by great thirst). Tourn. 

 inst. t. 265. Lin. gen. 114. Gaertn. fruct. 2. t. 86. Coult. dips, 

 p. 21. f. 2-4. Wallr. sched. crit. p. 49. 



LIN. SYST. Tetrandria, Monogynia. Involucrum of the head 

 of flowers of many leaves, longer than the paleae. Paleae on the 

 receptacle acuminated, rather foliaceous. Involucel tetrandrous, 

 8-furrowed. Limb of calyx somewhat cyathiform or discoid. 

 Corolla 4-cleft. Stamens 4. Stigma longitudinal. Fruit crowned 

 by the subtetragonal limb of the calyx, and inclosed within the 

 involucel. Erect, pilose, or prickly biennial herbs. Leaves 

 opposite, usually connate at the base, toothed or jagged. Heads 

 of flowers terminal, oblong-ovate or roundish. Corolla lilac- 

 coloured, yellow, or white. 



1 D. SYLVE'STRIS (Mill. diet. no. 2.) stem prickly; leaves 

 connate at the base, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, toothed ; 

 leaves of involucrum inflexed, weak, longer than the heads of 

 flowers ; palese of heads straight, linear-lanceolate, setaceous, 

 bent ; involucel not drawn out beyond the furrows. $ . H. 

 Native of Europe and Siberia, frequent ; plentiful in some parts 

 of Britain, about hedges and by road sides. Jacq. fl. austr. t. 



402. Oed. fl. dan. t. 965. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1032. Curt. lond. 

 3. t. 9. D. sylvestris a, Coult. dips. p. 22. D. vulgaris, Gmel. 

 fl. bad. 1. p. 312. D. fullonum, Thor. chlor. land. p. 36. Poll, 

 pal. no. 137. D. purpdreus, Fuschs. hist. 225. Flowers bluish- 

 purple, first breaking forth about the middle of the head. Heads 

 of flowers ovate-oblong. The water contained in the basin 

 formed by the leaves is said to cure warts on the hands, and to 

 serve as a beauty-wash for the face ; hence Ray conjectures it 

 had its name, Labrum Veneris. 



Var. ft, pdllidus (Bess, in Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 41.) 

 leaves of involucrum shorter, hardly ascending. $ . H. Na- 

 tive of Galicia, &c. 



Wild Teazle. Fl. July. Britain. PI. 6 feet. 



2 D. LACINIA^TUS (Lin. spec. p. 141.) stem prickly; leaves 

 connate at the base, sinuately jagged, and the lobes sinuately 

 toothed ; leaves of involucrum erectish, stiffish, usually shorter 

 than the head, which is ovate; paleae straight, linear-subulate; 

 involucel not drawn out beyond the furrows. $ . H. Native 

 of Europe and Siberia, in hedges and ditches, as of Germanv, 

 France, Alsace, Austria, Caucasus, &c. Jacq. fl. austr. 5. t. 



403. D. sylvestris, var. y, Coult. dips. p. 22. Leaves downy 

 beneath. Corollas whitish ; anthers reddish. 



Var. ft, comosus (D. C. prod. 4. p. 645.) leaves ofinvolucra 

 very narrow, longer than the heads. $ . H. Native of the 

 south of Europe. D. comosus, Hoffm. et Link. fl. port. 2. p. 

 81. D. laciniatus, Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 147. D. sylvestris S, 

 Coult. 1. c. 



Jagged-leaved Teazle. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1683. PI. 3 to 5 ft. 



3 D. DIVARICA'TUS (Presl. fl. sic. p. 57. del. prag. 117.) stem 

 prickly ; radical leaves oblong, rather lyrate, ciliated : cauline 

 ones interruptedly pinnatifid : lobes divaricate, pinnatifid at the 

 base ; leaves of involucrum shorter than the head, which is 

 ovate, ; paleae spinescent, arched ; involucels unknown. $ . 

 H. Native of Sicily, on the edges of fields. Guss. prod. 1 . p. 

 157. D. laciniatus, Ucria, hort. pan. p. 66. ? 



Divaricate Teazle. PI. 3 to 5 feet. 



4 D. FULLONUM (Mill. diet. no. 1.) stem prickly; leaves 

 connate at the base, oblong-lanceolate, serrated : upper ones 

 entire ; leaves ofinvolucra spreadingly reflexed, shorter than the 

 heads, which are cylindrical ; palese stiff, recurved ; involucel 

 not drawn out beyond the furrows. $ . H. Native of the 

 south of Europe, where it is said to grow spontaneously in fields. 

 It is said to be a native of England ; but scarcely wild. Plenck. 

 off. t. 50. Sowerb. engl. bot. 2080. Hayn. term. bot. t. 41. f. 8. 

 Coult. dips. p. 22. D. sativus, Gmel. fl. bad. 1 . p. 314. D. ful- 

 lonum />, Lin. spec. p. 140. D. sylvestris e, Coult. in litt. 1824. 

 Lob. icon. 2. p. 17. with a figure. Flowers whitish, with pale 

 purple anthers. This and the three preceding have been com- 

 bined by Coulter. 



Fullers' Thistle or Teazle is called Chardon afoullon in French, 

 Kardendistcl in German, and Cardencha in Spanish ; Dipsaco 

 in Italian: is a biennial plant from 4 to 6 feet high, prickly and 

 rough in the stem and leaves, and terminated by rough bur-like 

 heads of flowers. It is cultivated in Essex and the West of 

 England, for raising the nap upon woollen cloths, by means of 

 the crooked paleae upon the heads. For this purpose they are 

 fixed round the circumference of a cylinder, which is made to 

 turn round, and the cloth is held against them. There are no 

 varieties of the cultivated Teazle, but the wild species is not 



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