G81 



DIPSACEjE. II. DIPSACUS. III. CEPHALARIA. 



H. Native of Persia, in the province of Ghilan. Coult. dips. 

 p. 23. Said to be allied to the following. 

 Strigose Teazle. PI. 3 to 4 feet. 



9 D. FIIOSUS (Lin. hort. ups. p. 25.) stem prickly, glabrous; 

 prickles hair-formed under the head ; leaves glabrous, petiolate, 

 ovate, toothed, auricled at the top of the petioles ; leaves of in- 

 volucra deflexed, shorter than the heads, which are globose, but 

 hardly exceeding the paleae, which are linear-subulate and pilose ; 

 involucel not drawn out beyond the furrows. $ . H. Native 

 nearly throughout the whole of Europe, in woods and hedges ; 

 Caucasus, in Alpine places. In England, in moist shady places 

 on a chalky or lime-stone soil. Oed. fl. dan. t. 1448. Jacq. fl. 

 austr. t. 248. Smith, engl. bot. t. 877. Coult. dips. 23. Curt, 

 lond. t. 10. Cephalaria appendiculata, Schrad. cat. sem. gcett. 

 1814. Paleae ciliated. Corollas white. Anthers dark purple 

 or brown. 



Pilose Teazle. Fl. Aug. Britain. PI. 2 to 4 feet. 



10 D. STRICTUS (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 160.) stem unarmed, 

 but beset with short retrograde hairs ; leaves petiolate, lanceo- 

 late, acute, dentately serrated, beset with villi on both sur- 

 faces ; leaves of involucra spreadingly deflexed, shorter than 

 the heads, but hardly exceeding the palese, which are oblong- 

 cuneated, straight at the apex, ciliated, canescent ; involucels 

 hardly furrowed, crowned. $ . H. Native of Nipaul. D. 

 inermis, var. a, Wall, in fl. ind. 1. p. 367. Stem erect, 

 branched, hexagonal. Flowers cream-coloured. According to 

 D. Don, in fl. nep. the leaves are connate at the base. Heads of 

 flowers spherical. 



Straight Teazle. Fl. July. Clt. 1823. PI. 4 to 5 feet. 



1 1 D. INE'RMIS (Coult. dips. p. 23.) stem unarmed, downy, 

 but having the branches hispid under the heads ; leaves petio- 

 late, ternate or somewhat pinnatifid, clothed with adpressed pili 

 on both surfaces : lobes lanceolate, acuminated, serrated ; leaves 

 of involucra deflexed, shorter than the heads, which are globose, 

 but exceeding the palese a little ; palese ovate, mucronate, cili- 

 ated at the apex ; involucels hardly furrowed, crowned. $ . H. 

 Native of Nipaul, in alpine places. D. inermis, var. ft, Wall, in 

 fl. ind. 1. p. 367. D. mitis, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 161. 

 Stem hexagonal, pilose, unarmed. Paleae about equal in length 

 to the flowers. Corollas yellow. 



Unarmed Teazle. Fl. July. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 



12 D. A'spE R (Wall. cat. no. 428. D. C. prod. 4. p. 646.) 

 stem prickly ; leaves undivided or pinnatifid, oblong-lanceolate, 

 acuminated, serrated, scabrous on both surfaces from bristly 

 hairs ; leaves of involucra deflexed, shorter than the heads, which 

 are globose, but exceeding the paleae, which are ovate, ciliated, 

 and mucronate ; involucels hardly furrowed. $ . H. Native of 

 the East Indies, on the Pundua Mountains. Stem and branches 

 angular; angles beset with stiff prickles. 



Rough Teazle. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 



13 1). LESCHENAU'LTII (Coult. in litt. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 

 647.) stem smooth, rather hairy; leaves lyrately pinnatifid, very 

 villous on both surfaces, acuminated, coarsely serrated at the 

 apex : lower ones petiolate : lobes of leaves 3-nerved at the 

 base; leaves of involucra spreading, shorter than the heads, 

 which are globose, and hardly exceeding the palese, which are 

 oblong, acuminated and pilose ; involucel drawn out a little into 

 a membranous crown beyond the furrows. $ . H. Native of 

 the East Indies, on the Nellighery Mountains, where it was col- 

 lected by Leschenault and Noton. Scabiosa Brunoniana, Wall, 

 cat. no. 42<). The plant is called Donde Gueda by the natives. 

 Stem 3 feet high, rather hairy, not prickly. Habit of Cephalaria 

 alpina. 



Leschenault' s Teazle. PI. 3 feet. 



Cult. None of the species are worth growing, except in bo- 



tanic gardens. They will grow in any soil in which the seeds 

 may be sown. 



III. CEPHALA'RIA (from 0aXij, Itephale, a. head; the 

 flowers are disposed in round heads). Schrad. cat. sem. hort. 

 gcett. 1814. Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 406. Coult. dips. p. 

 24. et emend, mss. 1824. D. C. prod. 4. p. 647. Lepicephalus, 

 Lag. gen. et spec. 1816. p. 7. Cerionanthus, Schott, mss. ex 

 Rcem. et Schultes, syst. Succisa, Vaill. Wallr. 1. 1. c. c. Spreng. 

 syst. no. 376. exclusive of some species. Picnocomon, Wallr. 

 mss. Scabiosa species, Lin. and others. 



LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogy'nia, Involucra surrounding 

 the heads of many imbricated leaves (f. 116. a.), shorter than 

 the paleae. Involucel tetrandrous, rarely compressed, 8-fur- 

 rowed, terminated by a 4-8-toothed crown. Limb of calyx 

 rather cup-shaped or discoid. Corolla 4-cleft. Stamens 4 (f. 

 116. d.). Stigma longitudinal. Fruit tetragonal, crowned by 

 the limb of the calyx, inclosed within the involucel. Perennial 

 herbs. Leaves toothed or pinnatifid. Heads of flowers ter- 

 minal, globose (f. 116. e.) ; paleae imbricated: outer ones ste- 

 rile. Corollas white, cream-coloured, or lilac. This genus is 

 hardly distinct from Dipsacus, unless in the involucra being very 

 short. 



* Perennial plants. Paleae acuminated, downy. 



1 C. ALPINA (Schrad. 1. c.) stem striated, rather velvety; leaves 

 pinnate ; leaflets lanceolate, decurrent, unequally serrated ; pa- 

 leae acuminated, downy ; teeth of involucel 8, awned, nearly 

 equal in length to the corolla ; anthers green and striated at the 

 time of dehiscence. 1. H. Native of Europe, on the alps ; 

 and of Greece, on Mount Athos. Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. 

 p. 43. Coult. dips. 24. Scabiosa alpina, Lin. spec. 141. D. C. 

 fl. fr. no. 3296. Succisa alpina, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 378. Besl. 

 syst. cest. 9. t. 98. f. 1. Corollas yellow. Heads of flowers 

 drooping a little before expansion. Leaves large, downy. 



Alpine Cephalaria. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1570. PI. 3 to 

 4 feet. 



2 C. TATA'RICA (Schrad. 1. c.) stems striated, clothed with 

 retrograde villi at the base and on the petioles ; leaves pinnate ; 

 leaflets decurrent, oval-lanceolate, serrated ; bracteas acumi- 

 nated, downy ; teeth of involucel 8, awned, nearly equal ; outer 

 corollas radiant ; anthers green, and striated at the time of 

 bursting. Tf. . H. Native of Siberia and Caucasus, in alpine 

 meadows. Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 51. Coult. dips. p. 24. 

 Scabiosa Tatarica, Gmel. sib. 1. p. 159. Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 92. 

 but not of Lin. Scabiosa elata, Horn. hort. ham. 1. p. 126. 

 Rchb. pi. crit. 4. t. 301. but not of Lin. Cephalaria elata, 

 Schrad. 1. c. Scabiosa atrata, hort. mad. 1805. Lepicephalus 

 atratus, Lag. 1. c. Succisa Tatarica, Spreng. 1. c. Plant gla- 

 brous. Peduncles angular, downy. Heads large. Paleae deep 

 green, white inside, ciliated. Corollas yellow. 



Var. ft, gigantea (Coult. 1. c.) plant 12 feet high. ?/. H. 

 Scabiosa ahissima, Mill. diet. no. 6. Scabiosa gigantea, Ledeb. 

 cat. hort. dorp. 1811. Plant glabrous. 



Tartarian Cephalaria. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1759. PI. 5 to 

 6 feet. 



* * Annual plants. Paleae membranous, awned at the apex. 



3 C. TRANSYLVA'NICA (Schrad. 1. c.) stems terete, rather 

 pilose at the base ; leaves pinnatifid : lower ones lyrate ; lobes 

 of the cauline leaves linear-oblong toothed : terminal lobes 

 lanceolate, serrated a little ; paleae glabrous, membranous, 

 oblong, ending in a dark purple awn each ; teeth of invo- 

 lucel 8, short, equal. O- H. Native of the south of Eu- 

 rope, from Vascony to Constantinople, in fields ; and of Cau- 

 casus, on mountains near Grosnaja. Coult. dips. p. 24. t. 1. 



