686 



DIPSACEjE. III. CEPHALARIA. IV. KNAUTIA. 



rigidus, Lag. Succisa rigida, Spreng. 1. c. Comn. hort. amst. 

 t. 93. Shrubby. Flowers white. Said to be allied to C. leu- 

 cAntha. There are varieties of this with either glabrous or sca- 

 brous leaves. The upper leaves are cut, with revolute edges. 



Sir/ Cephalaria. Fl. July. Clt. 1731. Shrub 2 feet. 



10 C. ATTENUATA (Roera. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 44.) stem 

 terete, rather villous ; leaves linear, glabrous, entire and trifid ; 

 heads of flowers nearly globose ; palese obtuse ; teeth of invo- 

 lucel 5, scabrous ; corollas equal. fj.G. Native of the Cape 

 of Good Hope. Coult. dips. p. 27. and in litt. 1824. Scabi6sa 

 attenuata, Lin. fil. suppl. 118. Succisa trifida, Spreng. 1. c. 

 Succisa trifida, Spreng. Scabiosa trifida, Thunb. fl. cap. 1. p. 

 520. Lepicephalus attenuata, Lag. Flowers white. 



Var. ft, verbenacea (Rcem. et Schultes, 1. c. Coult. 1. c.) leaves 

 oblong, toothed, and somewhat pinnatifid at the base. If. G. 

 Scabiosa verbenacea, Lam. ill. no. 1314. 



Attenuated-leaved Cephalaria. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1774. 

 Shrub 1 foot. 



t Species not sufficiently known. 



\ \ C. GE X CA (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 43.) leaves pin- 

 nate ; leaflets decurrent, deeply serrated, glabrous ; paleae of the 

 heads imbricated, equal to the corollas. %. H. Native of 

 Greece, on Mount Athos. Coult. dips. p. 26. Scabiosa decur- 

 rens, Sibth. et Smith, prod. 1. p. 80. but not of Thunb. Scabiosa 

 flava, Sibth. et Smith, prod. 2. p. 356. Scabiosa orientals foliis 

 teucrii, &c. Tourn. cor. p. 34. Flowers yellow. Perhaps suf- 

 ficiently distinct from C. centaurioldes. 



Grecian Cephalaria. PI. 2 feet. 



12 C. HU V MII.IS (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 50.) glabrous; 

 leaves linear, dentately pinnatifid ; paleae obtuse, downy ; co- 

 rollas unequal. If. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. 

 Coult. dips. p. 27. Scabiosa humilis, Thunb. fl. cap. 1. p. 526. 

 but not of Host. Lepicephalus humilis, Lag. gen. et spec. p. 8. 

 Succisa humilis, Spreng. 1. c. Flowers white. Stem nearly 

 leafless, filiform. Scales of calyx ovate, purplisb at the apex. 



Humble Cephalaria. PI. \ to 1 foot. 



13 C. USTULA V TA (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 43.) glabrous; 

 leaves lyrate : lobes ovate, toothed ; palese imbricated, ovate, 

 acute, villous, purplish at the apex ; corollas equal.. Native of 

 the Cape of Good Hope, in rock lands. Coult. dips. p. 27. 

 Succisa ustulata, Spreng. 1. c. Scabiosa ustulata, Thunb. fl. cap. 

 1. p. 528. Lepicephalus ustulatus, Lag. 1. c. Stems striately 

 singular. Palese and flowers white. 



I/s<M/a<e-bractead Cephalaria. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 



14 C. SCA'BRA (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 44.) plant sca- 

 brous from hairs; leaves stiff, pinnatifid; lobes dentately cut ; 

 palese ovate, obtuse, purplish at the apex ; corollas equal. Jj . 

 G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, on hills. Coult. dips. p. 

 28. Scabiosa scabra, Thunb. fl. cap. 1. p. 529. Lepicephalus 

 scaber, Lag. Succisa scabra, Spreng. 1. c. Heads about the 

 size of filberts. Flowers white. 



Scabrous Cephalaria. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1825. Shrub 

 1| foot. 



N. B. Scabiosa marina, Lin. mant. p. 329. is distinct from 

 Scabiosa mavitima, Lin., and are probably referrible to the pre- 

 sent genus, but are hardly known. 



Cult. The hardy herbaceous kinds of Cephalaria are of 

 the most easy culture, and will grow in any kind of soil, and 

 are readily increased by dividing at the root, or by seed. The 

 seeds of the annual species only require to be sown in the open 

 border. The green-house shrubby kinds should be grown in a 

 mixture of loam, peat, and sand, and may be increased either by 

 young cuttings under a hand-glass, or by seed. 



IV. KNAU'TIA (in honour of C. Knaut, physician at 

 Halle, in Saxony, who died in 1694; author of a catalogue of 

 plants growing in the neighbourhood of Halle). Coult. dips, 

 p. 28. D. C. prod. 4. p. 650. Trichera, Schrad. cat. sem. 

 gcett. 1814. Scabiosa, Vaill. 1. c. Lag. gen. et spec. p. 8. 

 Knautia and Scabiosa species, Lin. Scabiosa and Knautia, 

 Spreng. Wallr. 1. 1. c. c. 



LIN. SYST. Tetrandria, Monogynia. Involucra of heads of 

 many leaves. Paleae none. Receptacle hairy. Involucel com- 

 pressed, with 4 hollows closely girding the fruit, denticulated at 

 the apex, having 2 of the teeth larger than the other 2, furnished 

 with a short stipe. Limb of calyx cup-shaped, neither pappose 

 nor awned at the apex. Corolla 4-5-cleft. Stamens 4. Erect 

 branched, usually villous herbs. 



SECT. I. LYCHNOIDES (this section contains plants resembling 

 species of Lychnis). D. C. prod. 4. p. 650. Lychni-scabiosa, 

 Boerh. Knautia, Lin. gen. no. 116. Involucrum erect, cylin- 

 drical, of 6-10 leaves. Flowers few within the involucrum, 5- 

 10. Receptacle narrow. Corollas very irregular. Annual 

 herbs. Flowers pale red. 



1 K. ORIENTA'LIS (Lin. spec. p. 146.) leaves oblong, cut or 

 entire; involucrum cylindrical, of 5-10 erect leaves; corollas 

 5-10 in each head: outer ones radiating, longer than the invo- 

 lucrum; teeth of involucel 12-15, very short; ciliae of calyx 

 obsolete. O- H. Native of the Levant. Lam. ill. t. 58. 

 Schkuhr, handb. 1. t. 22. Coult. dips. p. 28. t. 1. f. 9. Houtt. 

 pfl. syst. v. p. 250. t. 39. Scabiosa orientalis, Lag. gen. etspec. 

 p. 9. Kn. trichotoma, Mcench. meth. p. 487. Till. pis. 153. 

 t. 48. Plant villous. Seeds pilose, hairy at the apex. Flowers 

 pale red. Lobes of stigma acute. 



Eastern Knautia. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1713. PI. 1 to 1 ft. 



2 K. PROPONTICA (Lin. spec. ed. 2. p. 1666. exclusive of 

 Till, syn.) leaves serrated : superior ones lanceolate, quite entire ; 

 corollas 10, equal to the involucrum; ciliae of calyx 15 in num- 

 ber. Q. H. Native of the Levant. Willd. spec. 1. p. 561. 

 exclusive of the syn. of Tourn. Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 

 87. exclusive of the Lam. syst. Coult. dips. p. 28. Scabiosa 

 propontica, Lag. gen. et spec. p. 9. Plant villous. Corollas 

 purple. Pistilla white ; the corolla is said to be 4-cleft by 

 Linnaeus. This is a doubtful plant, and is perfectly unknown 

 at the present day, as the plant known in our gardens under this 

 name is K. orientalis. 



Propontic Knautia. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1768. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 



SECT. II. TRICHEROIDES (this section contains plants having 

 the habit of those of the next section). D. C. prod. 4. p. 650. 

 Involucrum spreading, 10-12-leaved. Flowers few or many. 

 Involucel bidentate at the apex. Corollas rather irregular. 

 Limb of calyx ciliated. Annual herbs. Flowers bluish or rose- 

 coloured. 



3 K. URVILUE'I (Coult. dips. p. 29. t. 1. f. 10.) lower leaves 

 pinnatifid: superior ones linear, quite entire ; corollas 10-12 in 

 each head, nearly equal, hardly longer than the involucrum, 

 which is spreading; teeth of crown of the involucel 8, a little 

 awned. Q. H. Native of the island of Leri, in arid fields, 

 where it was collected by D'Urville; and also of Bulgaria. 

 K. orientalis, D'Urv. enum. p. 14. Plant villous? Stems 

 branched, divaricate. Heads of flowers small. Corollas pale 

 blue. 



D' Urville's Knautia. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 



4 K. HY'BRIDA (Coult. dips. p. 30. and in litt. 1824.) lower 

 leaves petiolate, lyrate : lobes obovate, toothed : terminal lobe 

 the largest, ovate or roundish; cauline leaves oblong, simple, 

 serrated ; heads many-flowered ; the 2 teeth of the involucel of 

 many bristles ; cilise of calyx 20-24, obsolete. O- H. Native 

 of the south of Europe. Scabiosa hybrida, All. auct. p. 9. 



