DIPSACE.E. IV. KNAUTIA. 



687 



Trichera hybrids, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 58. Scabiosa 

 lyrata, Lam. ill. no. 1310. Trichera mutabilis, Schrad. 1. c. 

 Scabiosa bidens, Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. t. 104. Cephalaria 

 bidens, Roem. et Schultes, syst. et Coult. 1. c. Scabiosa inte- 

 grifolia var. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 227. Scabiosa annua integrifolia, 

 Tourn. herb. Scabiosa integrifolia and S. Moldavica, Hortul. 

 Stem villous. Leaves rather scabrous. Stigmas blunt. Corollas 

 pale purple. 



Hybrid Knautia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. PI. 2 to 3 ft. 



SECT. III. TRICHE'RA (from rpt^c, triches, hairs ; in reference 

 to the limb of the calyx). Schrad. 1. c. D. C. prod. 4. p. 051. 

 Scabiosa species, Lin. Involucrum spreading, of many leaves. 

 Flowers numerous. Receptacle dilated. Involucels rather 

 truncate at the top. Limb of calyx divided into 8-10 awns. 

 Corollas almost regular Perennial herbs. Flowers purplish- 

 blue. According to Coulter all the species contained in this 

 section might be with propriety combined. 



5 K. ARVE'NSIS (Coult. dips. p. 29. var. a, ft, y, t. 1. f. 13.) 

 stems hispid ; leaves sessile, villous ; radical ones unequally 

 pinnatilid, with lanceolate lobes : cauline leaves pinnatifid, with 

 linear lobes ; uppermost leaves linear-lanceolate ; leaves of in- 

 volucra bluntish. I/. H. Native of Europe, in meadows, pas- 

 tures, and cultivated fields ; plentiful in Britain. Duby, bot. 

 gal. 1. p. 257. Scabiosa arvensis, Lin. spec. p. 142. Gaud. fl. 

 helv. 1. p. 389. Scabiosa polymorpha, Schmidt, boh. 3. p. 77. 

 Trichera arvensis, Schrad. Flowers bluish purple, and verging 

 to white or purple. Perhaps Scabiosa dubia, Mcench. hass. no. 

 116. t. 3. which is said to have a 5-cleft corolla, is only a variety 

 of this species. This plant may rather be considered a trouble- 

 some weed in corn-fields, but in grass-fields it may be considered 

 rather useful, as it produces a large quantity of foliage, which is 

 not refused by kine, sheep, or horses. The plant varies much 

 in the divisions of the leaves, and in its hairiness. It sometimes 

 occurs with white flowers. The flowers held over the smoke of 

 tobacco in a few minutes become a beautiful green. The plant 

 is slightly astringent, bitter, and saponaceous. The root creeps 

 deep in the ground. 



Var. a, vulgaris (D. C. prod. 4. p. 651.) leaves downy: 

 radical ones pinnatifid or entire ; cauline ones always pinnatifid. 

 1{.. H. Native of Europe, in corn-fields and meadows. Sower- 

 by, engl. bot. t. 659. Curt. lond. 4. t. 13. Fl. dan. t. 447. 

 Blackw. t. 185. Flowers bluish, and varying from purple to 

 white, outer ones more or less radiant. 



Var. ft, colllna (Duby, bot. gall. 1. p. 257.) leaves nearly all 

 radical and pinnatifid ; stems nearly naked. l^.Tl. Native of 

 Europe, on dry hills. Scabiosa colllna, Req. in Guer. vaucl. ed. 

 2. p. 248. D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 487. Scabiosa hirsiita, Lapeyr. 

 Plant canescent. Flowers bluish. 



Var. y, canescens (Coult. 1. c. var. ft.) leaves canescent from 

 hairs ; lower ones ovate, acuminated, toothed : upper ones pin- 

 natifid ; outer flowers of the heads hardly radiant. If. . H. Native 

 country unknown. Scabiosa canescens, Hort. taur. 



Corn-field Knautia. Fl. July, Oct. Britain. PI. 2 to 4 feet. 



6 K. SYLVA'TICA (Duby, bot. gall. 1. p. 257.) stems hispid ; 

 leaves tapering into the dilated winged connate bases of the pe- 

 tioles, all undivided, oblong or lanceolate ; radical ones entire, 

 cauline ones crenated or toothed ; leaves of involucrum acutish. 

 I/. H. Native of Europe, in mountain woods, and sometimes 

 in fields. Kn. arvensis y, Coulter, dips. p. 29. Scabiosa sylva- 

 tica, Lin. spec. p. 142. Jacq. obs. ). p. 28. 3. p. 20. t. 72. fl. 

 austr. t. 362. Gaud. fl. helv. 1. p. 387. Scabiosa Pannonica, 

 Jacq. vind. p. 22. Trichera sylvatica, Schrad. Scabiosa integri- 

 folia, Savi, fl. pis. 1. p. 162. t. 2. f. 1. Scabiosa ovatifolia, Lag. 

 gen. et spec. p. 9. Flowers red : outer flowers radiant. There 



is a variety of this with smooth sterns, and another with white 

 flowers. 



Var. ft, longifolia (Duby, bot. gall. 1. c.) leaves oblong, en- 

 tire, quite glabrous ; heads of flowers nearly equal, lilac-coloured. 

 2. H. Native of Hungary and the alps of Jura. Scabiosa 

 longifolia, Waldst. et Kit. hung. 1. p. 4. t. 5. Scabiosa integri- 

 folia, Sut. fl. helv. 1. p. 387. Scabiosa sylvatica ft, Gaud. fl. 

 helv. 1. p. 387. Scabiosa Carpatica, Wahl. Stem glabrous be- 

 low, and hairy above. 



Var. y, integrifolia (Coult. under K. arvensis, 1. c. var. y,) 

 leaves undivided, toothed or quite entire. 7/ . H. Native of 

 Europe. Scabiosa integrifolia, Lin. spec. 142. Scabiosa dip- 

 sacifolia, Schott. Host, fl. austr. 1. p. 191. Scabiosa pubes- 

 cens, Willd. enum. 1. p. 146. Trichera pubescens, Schrad. 

 Corollas cream-coloured. Anthers fulvous. Perhaps Scabiosa 

 hybrida, Bouch. fl. abb. Perhaps Scabiosa Uralensis, Rchb. pi. 

 crit. 4. t. 332. The plant is more or less downy, and the up- 

 per leaves are sometimes jagged at the base. 



Wood Knautia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1633. PI. 1 to 3 feet. 



7 K. MONTA'NA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 651.) stems hispid, 

 brachiate ; leaves oblong, serrated : lower ones entire and jagged ; 

 heads of flowers radiant ; leaves of involucrum acute, narrow. 

 ^. H. Native of Caucasus, in mountain meadows. Scabiosa 

 montana, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 95. Jacq. fil. eclog. 1. t. 60. Kn. 

 arvensis var. Coult. dips. p. 29. and in litt, 1824. Leaves hairy. 

 Flowers white. 



Mountain Knautia. Fl. July. Clt. 1820. PI. 3 to 6 feet, 



8 K. CILIA'TA (Coult. dips. p. 50.) stems very hispid ; leaves 

 ovate, hispid, lower ones petiolate, entire, auricled or pinnati- 

 fid : cauline ones deeply toothed, cordately stem-clasping or per- 

 foliate ; leaves of involucrum ciliated. If.. H. Native of 

 Moravia, in meadows. Trichera ciliata, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 

 3. p. 37. Scabiosa ciliata, Spreng. in Schrad. journ. 1800.2. 

 p. 199. Rchb. pi. crit. 3. t. 273. Scabiosa Kitaibelii, Schultes, 

 obs. p. 18. Scabiosa pubescens, Wahl. fl. carp. p. 38. Trichera 

 leucantha, Schrad. S. hispida, Porter's mss. Perhaps Scabiosa 

 ciliata, Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 125. is the same, although said 

 to be annual. Flowers dirty white ; outer ones radiant. Anthers 

 violaceous. 



Ciliated Knautia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1802. PI. 2 feet. 



9 K. DIVERSIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 652.) stems branched, 

 hispid ; radical leaves pinnatifid : lobes rather falcate, quite en- 

 tire ; lower cauline leaves petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, bluntly 

 toothed ; superior leaves lyrate ; uppermost leaves stem-clasp- 

 ing, quite entire; leaves of involucra ovate-cordate, y.. H. 

 Native of Transylvania, in mountain meadows. Scabiosa diver- 

 sifolia, Spreng. neu. entd. 1. p. 279. Corolla 4-cleft, radiant, 

 of a lilac-colour, ex Spreng., violaceous and blue, ex Baumg. 



Divers-leaved Knautia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1826. PI. 2 ft. 



10 K. LEOIONE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 4. p. 652.) stems hispid from 

 retrograde hairs ; leaves lanceolate, long-acuminated, remotely 

 toothed: lower ones entire ; leaves of involucrum 18, exceeding 

 the flowers. Tf..1 H. Native of Spain, on the mountains of 

 Leone. Scabiosa Legionensis, Lag. nov. gen. et spec. p. 9. 

 Asterocephalus Legionensis, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 379. Flowers 

 red. There is a variety of this with pinnutifid leaves and white 

 flowers. Said to be nearly allied to K. sylvatica. 



Leone Knautia. Fl. June, July. PI. 2 feet. 



11 K. SALCE'DI ; stem scabrous from hairs; leaves all undi- 

 vided, lanceolate : lower ones entire : upper ones sharply tooth- 

 ed in the middle. 1. H. Native of Spain, on the mountains of 

 Leone. Scabiosa Salcedi, Lagasca. Leaves downy on both sur- 

 faces, hoary beneath. Peduncles long, beset with rufous villi 

 under the head of flowers. Involucrum of many lanceolate 

 pilose leaves, the length of the flowers, which are of a lilac 

 colour. 



