DIPSACE^E. V. PTEROCEPHALUS. VI. SCABIOSA. 



689 



FIG. 118. 



8 P. PERE'NNIS (Vaill. act. 

 acad. par. 1722. p. 184.) stems 

 procumbent, suffruticose ; leaves 

 lyrate, cut, tomentose; involucels 

 downy; corollas 5-cleft; stigmas 

 longitudinal ; pappus plumose. 

 If . H. Native of Mount Parnas- 

 sus, on rocks. Scabiosa ptero- 

 cephala, Lin. spec. p. 146. Sibth. 

 et Smith, fl . graec. t. 1 1 3. Ptero- 

 cephalus Parnassii, Spreng. syst. 

 1 . p. 384. Flowers pale purple. 

 Perhaps belonging to a different 

 section. 



Perennial Pterocephalus. PI. 

 procumbent. 



3. Perennial orfrutescent species, with entire leaves. 



9 P. NI'VEUS (Coult. dips. p. 32.) lower leaves orbicular : 

 cauline ones obovate-spatulate, all quite entire, and are as well 

 as the stems clothed with white tomentum ; bristles of calyx 10- 

 12, plumose, 3 times longer than the seed. If.. H. Native of 

 Spain, on the top of Sierra Toxada. Scabiosa nivea, Agardh, in 

 Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 81. A very small plant. Ac- 

 cording to Sprengel, it is the same as the following. 



Snowy Pterocephalus. PI. 1 to 2 inches. 



10 P. SPATULA'TUS (Coult. dips. p. 32.) leaves quite entire, 

 roundish-spatulate, tomentose ; corollas 5-cleft, radiant ; pappus 

 coloured, of 14 rays. If.. H. Native of Spain, in Granada, 

 and near Ellin in Murcia. Knautia spatulata, Lag. gen. et spec, 

 p. 9. Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 88. Stems tomentose. In- 

 volucra 8-12-leaved. Heads containing about 16 flowers. 



Spatulate-leaved Pterocephalus. PI. j- to -| foot. 



11 P. CA'NUS (Coult. in litt. 1824. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 653.) 

 leaves quite entire, obovate-oblong, hoary ; peduncles scape- 

 formed, bearing each one head of flowers ; corollas 5-cleft ; 

 involucel lagenaeform, downy, without furrows ; rays of calyx 

 20-25, plumose, linear, twice longer than the imolucel ; stigma 

 emarginate. 1(. H. Native of the Levant, between Amadan 

 and Kermancha, where it was collected by Olivier and Bru- 

 guiere. Scabiosa dumetorum var. from the Levant, Coult. dips, 

 p. 32. 



Hoary Pterocephalus. PI. ^ foot. 



12 P. LASIOSPE'RMUS (Link, in Buch. can. p. 150.) stem suf- 

 fruticose, with many branches ; leaves on very short petioles, 

 oblong-lanceolate, quite entire, crowded, white from short dense 

 tomentum; involucels densely plumose. ^ . G. Native of the 

 Grand Canary island, near Trente, and among rocks on the top 

 of Pico Tedi. Pter. dumetorum var. pusilla, Coult. dips. p. 

 32. Scabiosa fruticosa, Smith, mss. 



Woolly-seeded Pterocephalus. Shrub small. 



13 P. DUMETO'RUM (Coult. dips. p. 32. var. a,) stem suffruti- 

 cose, erect, bearing many heads of flowers ; leaves petiolate, 

 quite entire, oval, acuminated, attenuated at the base, smoothish 

 on both surfaces ; peduncles and involucels downy ; rays of 

 calyx 20-24, plumose, linear, hardly twice the length of the in- 

 volucel. lj . G. Native of Teneriffe. Scabiosa dumetorum, 

 Brouss. in Willd. enum. 1. p. 146. Trichera dumetorum, Roem. 

 et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 56. Leaves crowded at the tops of the 

 branches. 



Thicket Pterocephalus. Shrub small. 



Cult. For culture and propagation see Cephalaria, p. 686. 



VI. SCABIO'SA (from scabies, the itch ; which disorder the 

 common sort is said to cure). Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 2. 

 Coult. dips. p. 33. D. C. prod. 4. p. 654. Asterocephalus, 



VOL. III. 



Vaill. 



act. acad. par. 1722. Lag. gen. et spec. p. 8. Wallr. 

 sched. crit. p. 46. Spreng. syst. 1. p. 379. exclusive of some 

 species. Scabiosa spec. Lin. &c. Sclerostemma, Schott. 



LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogy'nia. Involucra of heads 

 many-leaved. Receptacle chaffy. Involucels with 8 foveolae, 

 usually somewhat cylindrical. Limb of calyx tapering into a 

 neck at the base, and ending in 5 awned bristles, rarely only 1-4 

 from abortion. Corollas 4-5 cleft. Stamens 4. Perennial or 

 suffruticose herbs. Leaves variable. Heads of flowers depres- 

 sed. Outer flowers of heads usually radiant. 



SECT. I. ASTEROCE'PHALUS (from oon/p, aster, a star, and 

 Ki<f>a\ri, kephale, a head ; in reference to the star-like crown on 

 the top of the seeds). Coult. dips. p. 33. D. C. prod. 4. p. 654. 

 Base of the involucels terete, not plicate, furnished with 5-8 

 foveolae. Crown of seed large, membranous, spreading or erect, 

 Calyx sessile or stipitate, ending in 5 exserted bristles. Corollas 

 5-cleft. 



1 S. CAUCA'SICA (Bieb. fl. tatir. 1. p. 98.) herbaceous ; radical 

 leaves lanceolate, acuminated, quite entire, glaucous ; involucrum 

 very villous ; corollas 5-cleft, radiant ; base of involucels elon- 

 gated, longer than the ovate foveolse ; crown of seeds short, 

 25-nerved ; limb of calyx sessile, with exserted bristles. Tf.. H. 

 Native of Caucasus and Armenia, in arid places. Coult. dips, 

 p. 33. t. 2. f. 1. Asterocephalus Caucasicus, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 

 381. Leaves like those of a species of Scorzonera. Heads of 

 flowers large, radiant, pale blue. This is an elegant plant while 

 in flower. 



Var. a, heterophylla (D. C. prod. 4. p. 654.) leaves green; 

 cauline ones pinnatifid. If. H. Scabiosa Caucasica, Roem. et 

 Schultes, syst. 3. p. 84. Willd. enum. p. 148. Sims, bot. 

 mag. 886. 



Var. ft, elegans (D. C. prod. 4. p. 654.) leaves whitish ; can- 

 line ones undivided, quite entire or nearly so. If. . H. Scabiosa 

 elegans, Spreng. pug. 2. p. 24. Sclerostemma connatum, Schott. 

 Asterocephalus elegans, Lag. gen. et spec. p. 8. Scabiosa 

 conniUa, Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 128. Scabiosa Caucasea, Sims, 

 bot. mag. t. 886. 



Caucasian Scabious. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1803. PI. 1 foot. 



2 S. CRE'TICA (Lin. spec. p. 145.) stem shrubby ; leaves lan- 

 ceolate, quite entire, and are as well as the involucra clothed 

 with hoary down; corollas 5 -cleft, radiant; base of involu- 

 cels elongated, equal in length to the foveolae, which are linear ; 

 crown of seed spreading, obliquely truncate, 20-28-nerved, 

 hardly twice longer than the base ; limb of calyx sessile, 

 with 4-6 inclosed bristles. If. . H. Native of Sicily and 

 Candia, among calcareous rocks. Coult. dips. p. 33. t. 2. f. 2. 

 Guss. prod. 1. p. 165. Asterocephalus Creticus, Spreng. Sca- 

 biosa arborea, P. Alp. exot. t. 34. Morr. oxon. sect. 6. t. 15. 

 f. 31. Stem white from down. Flowers pale blue, rarely 

 white. There is a variety of this having the involucrum longer 

 than the flowers. 



Cretan Scabious. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1596. Shrub 1 foot. 



3 S. CANDOLLIA'NA (Wall. cat. no. 430.) stem suffruticose at 

 the base, branched ; leaves linear, quite entire, nearly glabrous ; 

 corollas 5-cleft, radiant ; involucels clothed with short villi at 

 the base, the foveolae hidden by the villi ; crown of seed 20- 

 nerved ? toothed a little ; bristles of calyx 5, black, rather sca-- 

 brous, 3 times longer than the crown, fy. G. Native of Nipaul, 

 at Kamaon. Stems sparingly leafy, tufted at the apex ; pedun- 

 cles elongated, naked. Heads small, purplish. Perhaps refer- 

 rible to sect. iii. Sticcisa. 



De Candolle's Scabious. Shrub 1 foot. 



4 S. GRAMINIFO'LIA (Lin. spec. 145.) stems herbaceous, suf- 

 fruticose at the base; leaves linear, lanceolate, quite entire, of a 

 silvery white colour; corollas 5-cleft, radiant; base of involu- 



4T 



