DIPSACEjE. VI. SCABIOSA. 



693 



beria, in dry warm places. Jacq. obs. 3. t. 73. 74. fl. austr. t. 

 439. S. heterophyllos, Gmel. itin. 1. t. 28. S. tenuifolia, 

 Roth. germ. 1. p. 59. S. polymorpha S, Weig. obs. p. 24. 

 Asterocephalus ochroleucus, Wallr. sched. crit. 50. S. Colum- 

 baria ochroleuca, Coult. Rchb. pi. crit. 4. t. 355. Gerard, 

 herb. 584. f. 7. Barrel, icon. t. 770. f. 2. Stem purplish at 

 the joints. It differs from all the European species of Scabibsa 

 in the flowers being cream-coloured. 



Cream-coloured-flowered Scabious. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1597. 

 PI. 1 to 2 feet. 



36 S. SCOPOLII (Link, enum. hort. berol. 1. p. 128. but not 

 of Vis.) stem clothed with retrograde hairs above ; leaves hairy : 

 radical ones oblong, crenate : lower cauline leaves pinnatifid ; 

 superior ones bipinnatifid; lobes linear, cut ; leaves of involu- 

 crum linear, clothed with adpressed hairs. I/ . H. Native of 

 the south of Europe. Corollas cream-coloured. According to 

 Link, this species comes nearest to S. ockroleilca, but according 

 to Coulter, to S. Banatica. 



Scopoli's Scabious. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. PI. I to 2 

 feet. 



37 S. REVE'RSA (Ledeb. ined. sem. hort. dorp, suppl. 182t. 

 p. 6.) radical leaves obovate, obtuse, crenated, clothed with 

 spreading down : cauline leaves pinnate, with deeply cut seg- 

 ments ; peduncles beset with retrograde hairs ; involucrum ex- 

 ceeding the corollas, which are rather radiant and 5-cleft. TJ. . 

 H. Native country unknown. Said to be nearly allied to S. 

 grandiflbra and S. Scopolii. 



Reverse-haired Scabious. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 



38 S. PAUCISE'TA (D. C. prod. 4. p. 658.) stem branched, 

 hairy at the base ; radical leaves lyrately-pinnatifid, hairy, hav- 

 ing the terminal lobe ovate and coarsely toothed : cauline leaves 

 pinnate-parted, with narrow lobes ; flowers radiant ; heads of 

 fruit globose ; crown 20-nerved, 3 times shorter than the fruit ; 

 bristles of calyx usually only one, rarely 2-3, black, 3 times 

 longer than the crown. If. H. Native of Italy, in fields about 

 Pisa, Carrara, Sarzana, &c. S. uniseta, Savi, fl. pis. p. 167. t. 

 2. f. 6. S. Gramuntia, var. Seb. et Maur. fl. rom. p. 76. S. 

 tenuifolia, var. Savi, bot. etrus. 122. S. Columbaria, var. Poll. 

 Coult. Flowers violaceous. Perhaps the same as S. Saviana, 

 Rchb. hort. bot. 1 . t. 53. but in that plant the bristles of the 

 calyx are 5, and the heads ovate. 



Fen-bristled Scabious. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 



39 S. COLUMBA V RIA (Lin. spec. 143.) stem branched, smooth- 

 ish ; radical leaves ovate, obtuse, petiolate, crenated, membran- 

 ous, clothed with canescent down on both surfaces : cauline 

 leaves smoothish, pinnate-parted, with flat linear segments ; 

 peduncles elongated, usually trifid, downy ; corollas radiant ; 

 heads of fruit ovate-globose; crown 20-nerved, one-half shorter 

 than the tube ; bristles of calyx 5, twice longer than the crown. 

 If. . H. Native of Europe, Caucasus, and Siberia, very com- 

 mon ; in England plentiful on chalky soils. Coult. dips. p. 39. 

 var. S, Smith, engl. bot. 1311. Rchb. pi. crit. 4. t. 353. Savi, 

 fl. pis. 1. p. 165. t. 2. f. g. Fl. dan. t. 314. Asterocephalus 

 Columbaria, Wallr. sched. crit. 48. Flowers purple or viola- 

 ceous. This is a very polymorphous plant. 



Var. ft, Columnce (D. C. prod. 4. p. 659.) leaves villous ; lobes 

 of cauline leaves wedge-shaped, cut ; bristles of fruit 3-5, deci- 

 duous. I/ . H. Native about Naples, in fields. S. Columnae, 

 Ten. fl. nep. 1. p. 29. t. 7. 



Var. y, commutata (D. C. 1. c.) stem glabrous ; leaves smooth- 

 ish : radical ones on long petioles, deeply serrated or pinnatifid : 

 cauline leaves pinnate, with linear lobes. If. H. Native of 

 Siberia. S. commutata, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 65. Co- 

 rollas deep blue, radiant. 



Pigeon Scabious. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. PI. 1 foot. 



40 S. BANA'TICA (Waldst. et Kit. hung. 1. t. 12.) stem 



branched, beset with reflexed white hairs at the base and at the 

 joints ; radical leaves lyrate, hairy : cauline ones somewhat bi- 

 pinnate, with linear ciliated segments, which are each terminated 

 by a white hair ; involucrum equal in length to the corollas ; 

 seeds furnished with 8 pilose ribs ; bristles of calyx 5, long, 

 black. If. H. Native of Hungary, on rocks. S. diversi- 

 folia, Baumg. enum. hisp. trans. 1. p. 75. S. Columbaria y? 

 Banatica, D. C. prod. 4. p. 659. Asterocephalus Banaticus, 

 Spreng. Receptacles of heads columnar. Corollas pale red or 

 cream-coloured, with red rays. Anthers pale red. 



Banatic Scabious. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1800. PI. 2 to 3 

 feet. 



41 S. AGRF/STIS (Waldst. et Kit. pi. rar. hung. 3. t. 204.) 

 stem terete, purplish at the joints, glaucous, hairy at the base ; 

 radical leaves entire and somewhat lyrate : cauline ones tripin- 

 nate and pinnate, with linear segments ; peduncles hairy at top ; 

 corollas radiant ; leaves of involucrum linear, downy ; seeds 

 crowned by a membrane, which at length ends in 5 teeth ; angles 

 of seeds downy. If. H. Native of Hungary and Croatia, in 

 dry fields. S. columbaria, var. Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 96. S. Co- 

 lumnar, Tenor, prod. fl. neap. p. 12. fl. neap. 1. p. 29. t. 7. S. 

 columbaria 3? agrestis, D. C. prod. 4. p. 659. Asterocephalus 

 agrestis, Spreng. Corollas pale lilac. Heads on long pedun- 

 cles ; hence the plant is sometimes to be found in gardens under 

 the name of S. longipedunculata. 



Field Scabious. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. PI. l to 3 ft. 



42 S. GRAMU'NTIA (Lin. spec. 145.) stem rather hairy; pe- 

 duncles beset with retrograde hairs under the heads ; radical 

 leaves pinnatifid, with obtuse distant segments ; cauline ones 

 bipinnate, with linear segments ; leaves of involucrum linear, 

 acute, short ; bristles of calyx 5, dark brown ; corollas radiant, 

 sometimes 4-cleft. 2f . H. Native of the middle and west of 

 France, the north of Africa, and the Pyrenees. S. triandra, 

 Lin spec. p. 99. S. columbaria e, Gramuntia, D. C. fl. fr. no. 

 3305. Asterocephalus Gramuntius, Spreng. S. gracilis, Roam, 

 et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 104. Gerard, herb. 584. f. 2. Leaves 

 cinereous from villi. Corollas lilac or red. 



Gramont Scabious. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1597. PI. 1 to 2 

 feet. 



43 S. CERATOPHY'LLA (Tenor, prod. fl. neap. p. 12. fl. neap. 

 1. p. 31. t. 8.) stem fistular, villous; radical leaves lyrate, cre- 

 nated : cauline ones bipinnatifid, with linear falcate segments ; 

 leaves of involucrum equal in length to the flowers ; bristles of 

 calyx 5. 7/ . H. Native of Abruzzo, in forests. S. pilosa, 

 Lag. Flowers red or lilac. 



Horn-leaved Scabious. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 2 ft. 



44 S. HISPA'NICA (Willd. in Room, et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 

 521.) leaves pinnate-parted : the terminal lobe lanceolate, and a 

 little toothed ; corollas 5-cleft, radiant, longer than the involu- 

 crum. I/ . H. Native of Spain. According to Coulter, this is 

 hardly distinct from S. columbaria. 



Spanish Scabious. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 



45 S. CORONOPIFOJ.IA (Willd. herb, but not of fl. graec.) radi- 

 cal leaves lanceolate-spatulate, sharply toothed, or pinnately 

 jagged : cauline ones pinnate-parted, with divaricate linear 

 lobes ; corollas 5-cleft, radiant. If. . H. Native of Siberia. 

 S. ceratophylla, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 521. but not of 

 Tenore. The rest unknown. 



Coronopus-leaved Scabious. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 



46 S. HERACLE'A (Willd. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 521.) 

 lower leaves bipinnatifid : superior ones pinnate-lobed ; corollas 

 5-cleft, radiant. Native at the Straits of Gaudilava. The rest 

 unknown. 



Hercules' Scabious. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 



47 S. INCA'NA (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 521. and 67.) 

 stem villous ; leaves hoary, pinnate-parted, with linear ciliated 



