696 



CALYCERE.E. I. CALYCERA. II. Boons. III. ACICARPHA. 



in the open ground. The shrubby species are increased by cut- 

 tines under a hand-glass, or by seed. The species most worthy 

 of cultivation are S. Caucasica, S. gramnifolia, S. atropurpurea, 

 S. grandifora, and many others. 



ORDER CXXXIII. CALYCE'RE^E (this order contains plants 

 agreeing with Calycera in important characters). R. Br. in 

 Lin. trans. 12. p. 132. (1816). Rich, in mem. mus. 6. p. 76. 

 (1820). Lindl. introd. bot. p. 201. Bhoodpideae, Cassim in 

 diet. des. sc. 5. p. 26. suppl. 1817. 



Calyx of 5 unequal segments. Corolla regular, funnel- 

 shaped, with a long slender tube, and 5-3-nerved segments ; 

 glandular spaces or areolae below the stamens, and alternate 

 with them. Stamens 5, monadelphous ; anthers combined by 

 their lower half. Ovarium inferior, 1-celled. Style smooth, 

 clavate in the upper part ; stigma capitate, undivided. Fruit or 

 acheniffi indehiscent, crowned by the rigid spiny segments of the 

 calyx. Seed solitary, inverted, sessile. Embryo in the axis of 

 fleshy albumen, slender. Herbaceous plants, with alternate 

 leaves without stipulas. Flowers collected into heads, which are 

 either terminal or opposite the leaves, surrounded by an invo- 

 lucrum, and bearing bracteas among the flowers. Flowers ses- 

 sile, hermaphrodite or neuter. This is a very small tribe of 

 plants, differing from Composites in their albuminous pendulous 

 ovulum, and half distinct anthers; and from Dipsacece in their 

 filaments being monadelphous, and their combined anthers. 

 Synopsis of the genera. 



1 CALYCE'RA. Crown of fruit in some long' horned, and in 

 others short and scaly. 



2 BOOPIS. Limb of corolla not contracted, campanulate. 

 Fruit crowned by the segments of the calyx, which are stiff and 

 membranous, but acute and spinescent at the apex. 



3 ACICA'RPHA. Lower flowers of the heads fertile : superior 

 ones numerous and sterile. Tube of anthers undivided. Fruit 

 combined into a globose echinated head. 



I. CALYCE'RA (from icaXv, a calyx, and ncpac, keras, a 

 horn ; the crown of the fruit is a long horn). Cav. icon. 4. p. 

 34. t. 358. Juss. ann. mus. 2. p. 350. Pers. ench. 2. p. 500. 

 Cassini, diet. 5. suppl. p. 28. 



LIN. SYST. Syngenesia, Necessaria. Involucrum 5-parted. 

 Flowers fertile, dissimilar, and promiscuous. Segments of the 

 calyx in some long and horn-formed, and in others short and 

 scale-formed. Limb of calyx contracted a little below the lobes. 

 Tube of stamens inserted a little below the contraction of the 

 corolla, divided at the top. Herbaceous plants with sub-pinna- 

 tifid leaves and terminal heads of flowers. 



1 C. CAVANIIIE'SII (Richard, in ann. mus. 6. p. 77.) gla- 

 brous ; leaves semi-pinnatifid ; fructiferous heads almost 2 

 inches long, globose ; bracteoles narrow and subulate at the 

 apex. I/ . F. Native of Chili. C. herbacea, Cav. icon. 4. p. 

 34. t. 358. Pers. ench. 2. p. 500. Flowers green. 



Cavanilles's Calycera. PI. 1 foot. 



2 C. BALSAMnvEFOLiA (Rich. ann. mus. 6. p. 86. t. 10.) stem 

 pilose ; leaves deeply toothed or subpinnatifid, downy on the 

 margins ; bracteoles linear, subulate at the apex. Tj . F. Na- 

 tive of Chili, where it was collected by Dombey. Boopis 

 balsamitaefolia, Juss. ann. mus. 2. p. 350. Pers. 2. p. 500. 

 Scabiosa sympagamhera, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 49. t. 76. 

 f. a. Flowers green ? Root woody. 



Cosmary-leaved Calycera. Shrub 2 feet. 



Cult. The species of Calycera should be grown in pots, in 

 a mixture of loam, sand, and peat ; and they will be readily in- 

 creased by seed. 



II. BOOTIS (from /3ove, bous, an ox, and w^, ops, an appear- 

 ance ; the flowers have some resemblance to the eye of an ox). 

 Juss. ann. mus. 2. p. 350. t. 58. f. 2. Pers. syn. 2. p. 500. C. 

 Cassini, diet. 5. suppl. p. 28. Richard, mem. mus. 6. p. 87. 



LIN. SYST. Syngenesia, Necessaria. Involucrum 7-8-cleft. 

 Flowers fertile, nearly alike. Segments of calyx shorter than 

 the ovaria, membranous, some entire, and some deeply toothed. 

 Limb of corolla without any contraction,- campanulate, half 

 divided. Column of stamens inserted at the base of the limb of 

 the corolla ; tops of filaments distinct. Many stemmed branched 

 herbs, with pectinately pinnatifid leaves, and terminal heads of 

 flowers. 



1 B. ANTHEMolDES (Juss. 1. c.) leaves pectinately pinnatifid ; 

 segments of leaves linear. O- H. Native of Buenos Ayres, 

 where it was first detected by Commerson. Pers. ench. 2. p. 

 500. Rich. 1. c. p. 87. pi. ii. 



Anthemis-like Boopis. PI. \ to f foot. 



2 B. ALPI'NA (Poepp. mss. coll. 2. no. 823. ex Cham, et 

 Schlecht. in Linnaea. 6. p. 258.) leaves oblong-obovate, fleshy, 

 entire, or furnished with a tooth on one or on both sides, quite 

 glabrous. l/.G. Native of Chili. Root woody. Stem erect, 

 simple, only leafy at the base. Corolla yellowish. Involucrum 

 12-toothed. 



Alpine Boopis. PI. 2 to 3 inches. 



3 B. LEUCA'NTHEMA (Poepp. mss. 1. c.) leaves petiolate, 

 fleshy, glabrous, profoundly pinnatifid, with linear acute seg- 

 ments. O- H. Native of Chili. Involucrum many parted. 

 Root slender, branched. Corolla white. 



Leucanthema-\eaveA Boopis. PI. 1 to 2 inches. 

 Cult. The seeds only require to be sown in a warm sheltered 

 situation in the open ground. 



III. ACICA'RPHA (from awe, akis, a point, and 

 carphos, chaff; in reference to the segments of the calyx being 

 spiny). Juss. ann. mus. 2. p. 347. t. 58. f. 1. Pers. ench. 2 

 p. 488. Cassini, diet. 1. supp. 32. Rich. ann. mus. 6. p. 77. 

 pi. 11-12. Cryptocarpha, Cassini, diet. 12. p. 85. 



LIN. SYST. Syngenesia, Necessaria. Involucrum 4-5-parted : 

 outer ones adnate to the ovaria. Lower flowers of heads fertile, 

 superior ones much more numerous and sterile, with the ovaria 

 of all combined. Segments of the calyx for the most part end- 

 ing in acicular spines. Limb of corolla funnel-shaped. Column 

 of stamens inserted beneath the attenuated part of the limb of 

 the corolla, undivided to the top of the anthers. Bases of con- 

 nectives knot-formed. Herbaceous plants, with toothed or en- 

 tire leaves, and terminal and lateral heads of flowers. 



1 A. TRIBULOIDES (Juss. 1. c.) plant erect, glabrous ; leaves 

 oblong, cuneate-oboval, obtuse, with broad teeth ; style much 

 exserted. O. H. Native of Buenos Ayres, where it was col- 

 lected by Commerson. Cryptocarpha tribuloides, Cassini, diet. 

 12. p. 85. 



Caltrop-like Acicarpha. PI. ^ to f foot. 



2 A. SPATULA'TA (R. Br. comp. p. 29. Richard, mem. mus. 

 6. p. 78. pi. 12.) procumbent, glabrous ; leaves spatulate, taper- 

 ing a long way at the base, denticulated and entire at the apex, 

 and mucronate ; style a little exserted. Q. H. Native of Bra- 

 zil, where it was collected by Sello. Cryptocarpha spatulata, 

 Cassini, diet. 12. p. 85. 



Spatulate-\ea\ed Acicarpha. Clt. 1824. PI. proc. 



3 A. ? LANA'TA (Lag. in Pers. ench. 2. p. 488.) stem woolly ; 

 leaves linear, glabrous, having a tooth on one side, and some- 



