CAMPANULACE^E. IV. CAMPANUM^EA. V. CODONOPSIS. VI. CANARINA. 



736 



LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Flowers involucrated. 

 Involucrum 5-parted. Calyx hemispherical, combined with the 

 involucrum at the base, truncate at the apex, bearing the co- 

 rolla. Corolla 5-parted? (5-petalled, ex Blum.). Stamens 5, 

 free, opposite the lobes of the involucrum, inserted at the base 

 of the corolla or top of the calyx, and in the ovarium ; filaments 

 broadest at the base ; anthers 2-celled. Style inclosed, divided 

 into 3 ovate thick stigmas at the apex, which are pilose before 

 the expansion of the flower. Ovarium combined with the tube of 

 the calyx, 3-celled. Capsule globose, terminated by a broad flat 

 5 angled umbilicus, which is girded by the cicatrices occasioned by 

 the falling of the corollas and stamens, many-valved, ex Blum. 

 Seeds very numerous, ovoid-cylindrical, dotted, inserted on the 

 thick placentas, which are inflexed on both sides, and situated at 

 the inner angle of the cells. Quite glabrous lactescent herbs, 

 with tuberous roots, ex Blum. Stems and branches terete. 

 Leaves opposite, glaucescent beneath. Peduncles axillary and 

 terminal. 



1 C. JAVA'NICA (Blum, bijdr. p. 727.) stem climbing ; leaves 

 on long petioles, ovate-cordate ; flowers solitary, scattered. %.. 



. S. Native of Java, in humid woods on the mountains of 

 Salak and Cede. Leaves 1-2 inches long, and 6-12 lines 

 broad. Flowers green, axillary, and terminal. Peduncles 1- 

 flowered. 



Java Campanumaea. PI. cl. 



2 C. CELE'BICA (Blum, bijdr. p. 727.) stem erect ; leaves on 

 short petioles, oblong-lanceolate; flowers subcorymbose, ter- 

 minal, y.. S. Native of Celebes. Leaves ovate, acute : su- 

 perior ones lanceolate, nearly entire, or serrulated. 



Celebes Campanumaea. PI. 1 foot. 



Cult. A mixture of sand, loam, and peat will be a good soil 

 for the species of Campanumcea ; and they are to be increased 

 by cuttings or seeds. 



V. CODONO'PSIS (from icwiW, kodon, a bell, and oi^tc, opsis, 

 resemblance ; in reference to the shape of the flowers). Wall, 

 in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 103. Alph. D. C. mon. p. 120. 



LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-lobed or trun- 

 cate. Corolla inserted in the top of the calyx, 5-lobed ; lobes 

 alternating with the calycine segments when there are 5. Sta- 

 mens 5, free, alternating with the lobes of the corolla ; filaments 

 broadest at the base ; anthers 2-celled, length of filaments. 

 Style inclosed ; stigmas 3, thick. Ovarium 3-celled, almost 

 combined with the whole of the tube of the calyx. Capsule 

 dehiscing by 3 acute valves at the apex, which are septiferous in 

 the middle. Seeds inserted in the inner angle of the cells to 

 a thick placenta, furnished with albumen and a straight em- 

 bryo. Usually quite glabrous herbs, inhabitants of the north of 

 India on the mountains. Stems erect or scandent, and even 

 twining, branched, terete, rising from a woody root, probably 

 always. Leaves usually strictly opposite, ovate, acuminated, 

 not entire, on short petioles, glaucous, rarely hoary beneath. 

 Branches usually opposite, more or less articulated at their 

 origin. Flowers terminal and axillary, pedunculate, sometimes 

 involucrated. Corollas whitish, yellowish or deep purple. The 

 habit of the species is variable. 



SECT. I. MEGASA'NTHES (from jueyac, megas, large, and avOoe, 

 anthos, a flowor ; in reference to the size of the flowers). In- 

 volucrum. none. Flowers large. Corolla firm, rather fleshy. 

 Calyx 5-cleft. Seeds ovoid-cylindrical. 



1 C. VI'RIDIS (Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 10S.) stem ascending, twin- 

 ing ; leaves alternate and opposite, downy, hoary beneath, a 

 little crenulated; corollas large, yellowish-green. 7J.. l "\ G. 

 Native of Nipaul, about Gosaingsthan, Kamaon, and in an ob- 

 scure wood on the top of Sheopore. Plant scandent, much 



branched, with the habit of Convolvulus. Leaves ovate-oblong. 

 Flowers axillary and terminal, solitary, often opposite the leaves, 

 with an ungrateful scent. 



Green-flowered Codonopsis. PI. twining. 



2 C. PURPU'REA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 105.) stems 

 ascending, twining a little, manifestly articulated ; leaves strictly 

 opposite, glabrous, glaucescent beneath, a little crenulated; 

 corollas deep purple, y. . ? ^. G. Native of Nipaul, on the 

 mountains, towards the Himalaya. Leaves obovate-oblong. 

 Flowers solitary, usually terminal, and terminating axillary 

 branchlets. 



Codonopsis. PI. twining. 



SECT. II. MICROSA'NTHES (from fiucpof, micros, small, and 

 avdoc, anthos, a flower ; in reference to the small flowers). 

 Flowers small, white, involucrated. Calyx probably always 

 truncate. Seeds rather lenticular, small. Leaves strictly op- 

 posite, glabrous, glaucescent beneath. 



3 C. TRUNCA'TA (Wall, cat. no. 1 301 .) stem erect; leaves sharply 

 serrated ; involucrum combined with the base of the calyx. 

 7/ .? S. Native of the Burman Empire, at Pingue on the banks 

 of the Irrawaddi. Stem branched ; branches stiffish. Leaves 

 ovate, acuminated. Flowers 2-6 on the top of each branch ; 

 pedicels terminal and axillary, 1 -flowered. 



TYuncate-calyxed Codonopsis. PL 1 to 2 feet ? 



4 C. PARVIFLORA (Wall. cat. no. 1300. Alph. D. C. mon. p. 

 123.) stem erect; leaves remotely and setaceously denticulated ; 

 involucrum distinct from the calyx. TJ..1 G. Native on the 

 Pundua mountains, on the north-east of Bengal. Stem branch- 

 ed ; branches opposite. Leaves ovate-acuminated. Flowers 

 small, numerous, and as if they were panicled ; peduncles tri- 

 chotomous or dichotomous. 



Small-flowered Codonopsis. PI. 2 feet. 



Cult. For culture and propagation see Campanumeea above. 



VI. CANARPNA (so named from the first species being a 

 native of the Canary Islands). Juss. gen. p. 164. Lam. ill. gen. 

 t. 259. Gaertn. fruct. suppl. p. 163. t. 211. Vent. tabl. 2. p. 

 470. Alph. D. C. mon. p. 123. Canaria, Lin. mant. p. 148. 

 and p. 225. Pernetya, Scop, introd. p. 150. Neck. elem. 1. p. 

 233. Campanula species, Pluk. phyt. t. 276. f. 1. Tourn. inst. 

 1. p. 109. Lin. spec. 1. p. 168. 



LIN. SYST. Hex&ndria, Monogynia. Calyx 6-cleft. Corolla 

 6-lobed at the apex, large, campanulate. Stamens 6, free ; fila- 

 ments thickest at the base, glabrous. Style inclosed, hispid 

 above, the hairs disposed in 12 rows. Stigmas 6. Capsule 6- 

 celled, dehiscing at the apex ; cells opposite the calycine lobes 

 and stamens. Seeds small, angular. Large herbs, with thick 

 perennial roots : having the stem, leaves, and calyxes glaucescent, 

 and quite glabrous. Leaves opposite. Flowers terminal, soli- 

 tary. 



1 C. CAMPANULA'! A (Lam. diet. 1. p. 598. ill. t. 259.) plant 

 glaucescent ; root tuberous, fusiform ; stems ascending ; leaves 

 hastately subcordate, irregularly toothed ; flowers solitary, ter- 

 minating axillary branchlets. "H.. G. Native of the Canary 

 Islands. Curt. bot. mag. 444. Gaertn. fruct. suppl. p. 63. t. 

 211. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 376. Herb. amat. t. 142. C. lasvigata, 

 G. Don, in Loud. hort. brit. p. 139. Canaria campanulata, Lin. 

 mant. p. 225. Campanula Canariensis, Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 166, 

 Hill. veg. syst. 8. t. 8. Lin. hort. cliff, p. 65. t. 8. Pluk. 

 phyt. t. 276. f. 1. aim. p. 76. Flowers drooping, of a yellowish 

 purple or orange colour, having the nerves red. 



Campanulate-fiovieTeA Canarina. Fl. Jan. March. Clt. 1696. 

 PI 3 to 4 feet. 



2 C.? ZANQUEBA'RICA (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 125.) stem 

 shrubby, scandent, branched; leaves hastately cordate, quite en- 



