CAMPANULACEjE. XIII. PETROMARCLA. XIV. MICHAUXIA. XV. CAMPANULA. 



750 



I, t. 224. Phyteuma pinn&tum, Lin. spec. 1. p. 242. Lam. ill. 

 no. 2591. Vent. eels. t. 52. Sibth. et Smith, fl. grsec. t. 226. 

 Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 86. Petromarula Rapunculum 

 Creticum &c. Barrel, icon. 1154. Moris, oxon. 2. p. 454. 

 Park, theatr. 649. f. 5. Moris, ox. sect. 5. t. 1. f. 8. 

 Ponae. bald. p. 38. with a figure. Bauh. hist. 2. p. 81 1 . Plant 

 "labrous, 3-6 feet. Root fusiform. Leaves large, pmnatifid. Ra- 

 cemes long, forming terminal panicles. Corollas blue or white. 



Var. ftpubescens (D. C. prod. 4. p. 209.) panicle and calyxes 

 downy, y. or $. H. Native ofCandia. Phyteuma pinna- 

 turn. Rchb. hort. bot. t. 137. 



Pinnate-leaved Petromarula. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1640. PI. 3 to 

 6 feet. 



Cull. A light rich soil, and a warm sheltered situation, are 

 the best for this plant. It is increased slowly by division, but 

 plentifully by seed. The plant requires shelter in severe wea- 

 ther in winter. 



XIV. MICHAU'XIA (named in honour of Andrew Michaux, 

 botanist to the King of France, who travelled into Syria, Persia, 

 and North America, and discovered this his genus). Lher. diss. 

 Lam. ill. 2. t. 295. Gaertn. fil. suppl. p. 162. t. 211. Alph. D. 

 C. mon. p. 211. Mindium rhazes, Adans. fam. 2. p. 134. Juss. 

 gen. p. 164. 



LIN. SYST. Octdndria, Monogy'nia. Calyx 8-1 0-cleft, having 

 the recesses covered by appendages. Corolla 8-10-parted, rotate. 

 Stamens 8-10, free; filaments very broad, membranous, approxi- 

 mate at the base ; anthers yellow, cuspidate at the apex. Style 

 covered by hairs, which are disposed in 16 rows; stigmas 8, 

 filiform. Ovarium wholly inferior, 8-celled : cells opposite the 

 calycine lobes. Capsule drooping, 8-10-valved, dehiscing at the 

 base. Seeds numerous, ovate, rusty, inserted in fleshy recep- 

 tacles, which are situated at the inner angles of the cells 

 Handsome biennial herbs, natives of the Levant, with the habit 

 of Campanula, but the recesses or sinuses of the calyx are 

 covered, and the leaves are lyrate. 



1 M. cAMPANULoh>Es (Lher. diss. mon. with a figure) stem 

 pilose ; radical leaves lanceolate, irregularly lobed ; petioles 

 marginated and lobed ; appendages of the sinuses of the calyx 

 shorter than the lobes. $ . H. Native of the Levant, about 

 Aleppo, and on Mount Lebanon. Lam. ill. 2. t. 295. Curt. bot. 

 mag. 219. Alph. D. C. mon. p. 211. Campanula lyrsefolia, 

 Salisb. prod. p. 127. Michauxia strigosa, Pers. syn. 1. p. 418. 

 Moris, oxon. 2. p. 460. sect. 5. t. 31. Mindium Rhazes, 

 Adans. fam. 2. p. 134. Medium Dioscoridis, or Mindium 

 Rhazis, Rauw. hodoep. part. 2. chapt. 12. p. 284. and part. 4. 

 t. 35. Root fusiform. Stem branched at top. Leaves stri- 

 gose as well as the stem, 3-4 inches long. Flowers drooping, 

 scattered along the stem and branches, from the axils of brae- 

 teas, on short pedicels, purple or pale red, octandrous. Corolla, 

 calyx, and stigma, S-parted. 



Campanula- like Michauxia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1787. PI. 

 feet. 



2 M. UEVIGA'TA (Vent. eels. t. 81.) stem glabrous; leaves 

 hispid, doubly toothed ; radical ones ovate, on long petioles : 

 cauline ones sessile, oblong, lower ones attenuated at the base, 

 upper ones cordate ; appendages of the sinuses of the calyx 

 longer than the lobes. $ . H. Native of Persia. Gaertn. 

 fruct. suppl. p. 162. t. 211. f. 6. Hook. bot. mag. 3128. 

 M. decandra, Fisch. Root branched. Stem and leaves glau- 

 cescent, the latter strigose. Flowers on short pedicels, horizon- 

 tal, solitary, and scattered along the top of the stem and branches, 

 decandrous, whitish. Calyx, corolla, and stigma, 10-parted. 



Smooth- stemmed Michauxia. Fl. Sept. Oct. Clt. 1820. PI. 

 8 to 10 feet. 



Cult. The seeds only require to be sown in the open ground, 



and the plants treated like other biennials. They require some 

 protection in severe weather in winter. 



XV. CAMPA'NULA (a dim. of campana, a bell; referring 

 to the shape of the flowers). Fuchs. hist. p. 43. Tourn. elem. 

 2. p. 90. t. 37-38. Alph. D. C. mon. p. 213. Campanula spe- 

 cies, Lin. gen. no. 290. Adans. fam. nat. 2. p. 134. Juss. gen. 

 p. 164. Gsertn. fruct. 1. p. 153. t. 31. Neck. elem. 1. p. 234. 

 Schk. ench. no. 117. t. 39. Lam. ill. no. 345. t. 123. Vent, 

 tabl. 2. p. 470. R. Br. prod. p. 560. Roucela, Dumontier, 

 comm. bot. p. 14. Medium, Fisch. mss. Erineon, Pliny, 23. 

 ch. 17. Cervicaria species, Cord. Dod. pempt. 164. Rapum 

 species, Ruell. p. 458. Trachelium, Lob. hist. 176. 



LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft, having the 

 sinuses usually covered by appendages. Corolla 5-lobed or 5- 

 cleft at the apex, usually bell-shaped. Stamens 5, free ; fila- 

 ments broad at the base and membranous. Style covered by 

 fascicles of hairs, except at the base ; stigmas 3-5, filiform. 

 Ovarium wholly inferior, 3-5-celled. Capsule 3-5-valved, de- 

 hiscing laterally. Seeds usually ovate, flattened, sometimes 

 ovoid, and small. Herbs usually perennial, rarely annual or 

 biennial. Radical leaves usually different in form from the cau- 

 line ones, especially in size. Flowers for the most part pedun- 

 culate, usually racemose, rarely spicate or glomerate, blue or 

 white. All the species are inhabitants of the northern hemis- 

 phere. The names Trachelium and Cervicaria are the oldest 

 names used for this genus, which were given to it on account of 

 its supposed efficacy in the cure of disorders of the neck and 

 trachea ; hence it has the name of Halskraut or Halsmort in 

 German, Halsurt in Danish, and Throatnort in English ; and 

 some European species have the name of Rapunculus, from the 

 resemblance of the root to that of a turnip ; hence they have the 

 names Rapum, Rapuntum, Rapunculus, &c., from whence spring 

 the Frencli name Raiponce, the German Rapunzel, the Spanish 

 one of Rapiunchigo, and the English one of Rampion. 



SECT. I. ME'DIUM (a name employed by Dioscorides for some 

 species of Bell-flower). Alph. D. C. mon. p. 216. M;<W, 

 Diosc. Medium, Fisch. mss. Marianthemum, Schrank, hort. 

 monac. Rapuntia, Cheval. fl. par. 2. p. 526. Sinuses of calyx 

 covered by reflexed appendages. Capsule 3-5-celled, dehiscing 

 by valves at the base. 



1. Capsule 5-celled. Stigmas 5. Stems many-flowered. 

 Radical leaves on long petioles. Inhabitants of Greece and the 

 adjacent regions. 



* Loner leaves irregularly lyrate or jagged ; petioles mar- 

 ginaled and lobed. 



1 C. CRISPA (Lam. diet. 1. p. 581.) glabrous ; stems simple ; 

 leaves smooth, coarsely and crenately toothed : radical ones bi- 

 dentate, jagged : cauline leaves sessile, ovate, acute ; flowers 

 pyramidally racemose ; calyx scabrous, with the appendages of 

 the sinuses small and tooth-formed ; corolla broad, campanulate, 

 roughish on the outside, y.. H. Native of Armenia, about 

 the city of Kars and Erzeroum. Alph. D. C. mon. p. 216. 

 Tourn. cor. 3. voy. 2. p. 370. Flowers disposed as in C. pyra- 

 midalis, rising from the lower or middle part of the stem to the 

 apex from the axils of the leaves. Corolla very open, white or 

 blue. 



Curled Bell-flower. PI. 1 to 1| foot. 



2 C. CE'LSII (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 217.) plant velvety ; stem 

 ascending ; lower leaves irregularly lobed : terminal lobe cre- 

 nated, ovate, acute : superior leaves sessile, obovate crenated : 

 flowers disposed in long panicles ; appendages of the sinuses of 



