834 



ERICACEAE. XXI1II. ENKIANTHUS. XXXIV. ARBUTUS. 



FIG. 138. 



1 E. QUINQUEFLORUS (LoUf. 



coch. p. 276.) stem shrubby ; 

 flowers 5-6 together at the tops 

 the branches. Tj . G. Native of 

 the south of China. Andr. rep. 

 102. Ker. bot. reg. 201. Sims, 

 bot. mag. 1649. Lodd. bot. 

 cab. 1101. E.reticulatus.Lindl. 

 bot. reg. 883. Flowers pink, 

 or the calyx is red and the co- 

 rolla nearly white. 



Five - flowered Enkianthus. 

 Fl. Feb. Sept. Clt. 1812. 

 Shrub 3 to 10 feet. 



2 E. BIFLORUS (Lour. coch. 

 p. 276.) stem shrubby ; flowers 

 twin, terminal. Tj . G. Native of 

 the south of China. Flowers red. 



Two-jlomered Enkianthus. Shrub. 



Cult. Elegant green-house plants while in blossom, but rather 

 difficult of culture. The best soil for them is said to be an 

 equal mixture of sandy loam and peat, but care must be taken 

 not to over-water them when not growing freely. Cuttings 

 taken from ripened wood are found to strike root freely, if 

 planted in sand, with a hand-glass placed over them. When 

 they grow to a considerable size, they are the greatest orna- 

 ments for a green-house or conservatory. 



XXXIV. A'RBUTUS (Ar boise, Celt., austere bush ; rough 

 fruit). Camer. epit. p. 168. Gaertn. fruct. 59. Tourn. inst. 368. 

 Juss. gen. L60. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 279. 

 Adans. fara. Andrachne, Clus. A'rbutus species, Lin. gen. 

 no. 750. Schred. gen. 750. 



LIN. SYST. Decandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5 -parted. Corolla 

 globose, or ovately campanulate : limb 5-cleft, reflexed. Sta- 

 mens 10, inclosed; anthers compressed on the sides, dehiscing 

 by 2 pores at the apex, fixed by the back beneath the apex, 

 where they are furnished with 2 reflexed awns. Ovarium seated 

 on a hypogynous disk, or half immersed in it, 5-celled ; cells 

 many-seeded. Style 1 ; stigma obtuse. Berry nearly globose, 

 granular. Trees and shrubs, with alternate laurel-like leaves. 

 Racemes terminal, panicled. Flowers pedicellate, bracteate. 

 Corollas white or flesh-coloured. 



1 A. U'NEDO (Lin. spec. 366.) arboreous ; branchlets clothed 

 with glandular hairs ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, glabrous, serru- 

 lated ; peduncles smooth, nodding. Pj . H. Native of the south 

 of Europe, as of Spain, Italy, Greece ; Palestine, and many other 

 parts of Asia. It is also found in the west of Ireland, in the 

 County of Kerry, near the Lake of Killarney, on barren lime- 

 stone rocks, where the country people eat the fruit. Mill. 

 fig.t.48. Cam. epit. 1681. Barrel. icon. t. 674. Smith, engl. bot. 

 2377. The common A'rbutus, or Strawberry-tree, rises to the 

 height of 20 or 30 feet, but rarely with an upright stem. It is 

 one of the greatest ornaments in the month of October and No- 

 vember, that being the season when it is in flower ; and the fruit of 

 the former year is ripe. When there is plenty both of fruit and 

 flowers upon the trees, they make a handsome appearance at a 

 season when most others are past their beauty. The fruit is 

 said to have constituted part of the food of mankind in early 

 ages. That it was not in any esteem among the ancients, we 

 may suppose from the name frnedo, if Pliny's reason for that 

 name be the true one, " cui nomen ex argumento fit unum 

 tantum edendi." Virgil recommends the twigs as good for goats 

 in winter : " Jubeo frondentia capris Arbuta sufficere ;" and for 

 baskets, " Arbuteae crates et mystica vannus lacchi." Horace 



celebrates the shade of it : " Nunc viridi membra sub Arbuto 

 stratus." The tree is named, in Greek, Ko/japoc, and the fruit 

 M. /ji/icm-vXov ; in Latin, A'rbutus, and the fruit U^nedo ; in 

 Italian, Arbuto, Albato, Albatro, Corbezzolo ; in French, L'Ar- 

 bousier commun. The Greek name is almost preserved at Con- 

 stantinople, in Komaria. 



Var. a, alba (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 71.) flowers white. 



Var. ft, rubra (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 71.) flowers reddish. 



Var. y, plena (Ait. 1. c.) flowers semi-double. 



Var. S, schizopetala ; petals cut. 



Var. e, integri/olia ; leaves entire. Sims, bot. mag. 2319. 



Var. 4, cm-pa ; leaves curled and cut. 



Var. 77, salicifblia ; leaves narrow. 



Unedo or Common Strawberry-tree. Fl. Sept. Dec. Ireland. 

 Tree 10 to 20 feet. 



2 A. CAN ARIE'NSIS (Lam. diet. vol. 1 .) leaves oblong-lanceolate, 

 serrated, glaucous beneath ; panicles erect, clothed with hispid 

 hairs. 1? . G. Native of the Canary Islands. Sims, bot. mag. 

 1577. Flowers greenish white. 



Canary-Island Strawberry-tree. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1796. 

 Shrub 8 to 10 feet. 



3 A. Hr'sRiDA (Ker. bot. reg. 619.) leaves oblong, acute, 

 serrated, glabrous ; branchlets pilose ; panicle terminal, pen- 

 dulous, downy ; calyx glabrous. T? . H. Native country un- 

 known. A. andrachnoides, Link. enum. 1. p. 395. Flowers 

 white. 



Hybrid Strawberry-tree. Fl. Feb. May. Clt. ? Shrub 8 to 

 12 feet. 



4 A. SERRATIFOLIA (Nois. ex Lodd. bot. cab. t. 580.) leaves 

 serrated, narrower than those of A. Andr&chne ; flowers dis- 

 posed in terminal clusters. T? . H. Native country unknown. 

 Flowers yellowish. Perhaps only a variety of the following. 



Serrated-leaved Strawberry-tree. Fl. Feb. March. Shrub 6 

 to 10 feet. 



5 A. ANDRA'CHNE (Lin. spec. 566.) leaves oblong, bluntish, 

 quite entire, and a little serrated, glabrous ; panicles terminal, 

 erect, clothed with viscid down. Pj . H. Native of Greece, 

 Asia Minor, Tauria. Belon says it is common in Crete, and 

 between Aleppo and Antioch. Wheeler observed it near Athens, 

 and saw the fruit in the market of Smyrna. About Magnesia it 

 is so plentiful, that it is used as the principal fuel by the in- 

 habitants. Ehret. act. angl. vol. 57. p. 114. t. 6. Ker. bot. reg. 

 113. Sims, bot. mag. t. 2024. A. integrifolia, Lam. Andrachne 

 Theophrasti, Clus. hist. 1. p. 48. Andrachne, Park, theatr. 

 1490. f. 2. Flowers greenish-white. Fruit like that of the 

 common sort. This is the 'ASpa-^yri of Theophrastus, and is 

 called 'A(5paK\a in modern Greek. It is a fine ornamental 

 tree ; the largest of the kind in Britain is growing in the botanic 

 garden at Edinburgh. Tournefort enumerates three varieties of 

 it which he observed in the Levant ; one with serrated leaves ; 

 a second with a large oblong fruit ; and a third with large com- 

 pressed fruit. 



Andrachne Strawberry-tree. Fl. March, April. Clt. 1724. 

 Tree 10 to 14 feet. 



6 A. LAURIFOLIA (Lin. syst. 407. suppl. 238.) leaves oblong, 

 acuminated at both ends, acutely serrated, glabrous ; racemes 

 axillary, secund, sessile, solitary. T?. H. Native of North 

 America, but what part is unknown, as nothing can be found 

 respecting it in the Linnsean herbarium. 



Laurel-leaved Strawberry-tree. Tree. 



7 A. MENZIE'SII (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 282.) arbores- 

 cent; leaves broad-oval, quite entire, glabrous, on long petioles; 

 racemes axillary and terminal, panicled, dense- flowered, Tj . H. 

 Native of the north-west coast of America, where it was col- 

 lected by Mr. Menzies. Hook, et Arn. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. 

 p. 143. 



