836 



ERICACEAE. XXXV. ARCTOSTAPHYLOS. XXXVI. PERNETTYA. 



Portuguese, Uva de urso ; and by most old botanists, Uva- 

 ursi. Leaves like those of box. Flowers pale red, or white 

 with a red mouth, growing in small clusters at the extremi- 

 ties of the branches. The leaves have been much celebrated in 

 calculous and nephritic complaints, and other disorders of the 

 urinary passages ; the dose is half a drachm of the powder of 

 the leaves every morning, or 2 or 3 times a day. The trials, 

 however, made in this country by no means answered expecta- 

 tion. Perhaps, upon the whole, it will be found no better than 

 other vegetable astringents ; some of which have long been used 

 by the country people in gravelly complaints, and with very 

 great advantage. On the plains of the Mississippi, the Indians 

 smoke the leaves under the name of Sacacommis, and consider 

 them of great medicinal virtue. But whatever may be its medi- 

 cinal qualities, the whole plant is certainly very serviceable in 

 dying an ash-colour, but particularly in tanning leather. In this 

 view, it may deserve attention in those countries where whole 

 mountains are covered with it. The berries are red when ripe, 

 filled with an austere mealy pulp; they serve as food for grouse 

 and other game. 



Bear-berries. Fl. May, June. Britain. Shrub trailing. 



2 A. ALPINA (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 287.) stems procumbent ; 

 leaves obovate, acute, wrinkled, serrated, deciduous ; racemes 

 terminal. ^ . H. Native of Denmark, Switzerland, Dauphiny, 

 Savoy, Siberia, &c. In many places of the Highlands of Scot- 

 land, in dry barren moors. Nothing is more common, says 

 Linnseus, in all the Lapland alps, in Dalekarlia, from their tops 

 to their bases, round the White Sea, especially in very sandy 

 places. It is also found in Canada, and the more northern parts 

 of America, Aleutian Islands, &c. A'rbutus alpina, Lin. spec. 

 566. Oed. fl. dan. 73. Smith, engl. bot. 2030. Lightf. fl. scot. 

 215. t. 11. f. a. b. Pedicels rather hairy. The flowers grow 

 in reflexed racemes, and are pure white. The berries are black 

 when ripe, and of the size of a sloe, with a taste somewhat 

 resembling that of black currants, but more mawkish, insomuch 

 that Linnaeus says the Laplanders will scarcely eat them. Haller, 

 on the contrary, thinks the flavour not unpleasant. Mr. Miller 

 describes them as of a pleasant taste, so as frequently to be 

 eaten by the inhabitants of those countries where the plant grows 

 wild. 



Alpine Bear-berry. Fl. April, June. Scotland. Shb. trailing. 



3 A. POLIFOLIA (H. B. et 

 Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 

 277. t. 25.) erect ; leaves linear- 

 lanceolate, acute, with quite en- 

 tire and revolute margins, cori- 

 aceous, glabrous above, but 

 downy and glaucescent beneath. 

 Tj . F. Native of the temperate 

 parts of Mexico, near Villalpan- 

 do. Andromeda ledif olia, Humb. 

 prol. p. 41. A much branched 

 shrub. Racemes terminal, erect, 

 an inch long, downy. Flowers 

 nodding. Corolla scarlet (f. 139.) 



Folium - leaved Bear-berry. 

 Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 



4 A. GLAUCE'SCENS (H. B. et 

 Kunth, 1. c. p. 278.) erect ; 



leaves lanceolate-oblong, obtuse, submucronate, quite entire, 

 coriaceous, glabrous and shining above, but downy and glauces- 

 cent beneath ; racemes terminal, solitary, erect ; flowers secund. 

 fj . F. Native of Mexico, between Guanaxuato and Valen- 

 ciana. Racemes 3 inches long, beset with glandular villi. Co- 

 rollas scarlet. ? 



Glaucescent Bear-berry. Shrub. 



FIG. 139. 



5 A. PU'NGENS (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 278. t. 259.) leaves 

 ovate-oblong, acute, mucronate, rather pungent, quite entire, 

 coriaceous, clothed with fine down on both surfaces ; racemes 

 short, at first terminal, but at length lateral. T? . F. Native of 

 Mexico, in high places near Moran and Villalpando. A dwarf, 

 much branched shrub. Branchlets angular, downy. Pedicels 

 approximate, fastlgiate. Corollas white. 



Pungent-leaved Bear-berry. Shrub 1 foot. 



6 A. ? HOOKE'RI ; branches prostrate, rather downy ; leaves 

 petiolate, permanent, oval or obovate, coriaceous, shining, mi- 

 nutely reticulated, mucronately pungent, smoothish, finely mar- 

 gined, almost quite entire ; racemes terminal, short ; flowers 

 bracteate. Tj . F. Native of Chili. A'rbutus pungens, Hook, 

 et Arn. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. 144. Habit of A. uva ursi, and 

 with the leaves of the same size. Flowers small, urceolate ; 

 young leaves white from down beneath, more or less ser- 

 rated. 



Hooker's Bear-berry. Shrub prostrate. 



Cult. The hardy species of this genus grow well in a mix- 

 ture of sand, loam, and peat, or in a peat border. They are 

 increased by layers, put down in the spring. The green- 

 house kinds require the treatment of other hardy green-house 

 shrubs. 



XXXVI. PERNETTYA (named after M. Pernetty, author 

 of a history of his voyage to the Falkland Islands). Gaud, in 

 Freyc. voy. p. 454. t. 67. 



LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx inferior, 5-parted. 

 Corolla globose : limb 5-parted, revolute. Stamens 10, almost 

 hypogynous, inclosed ; filaments thickened at the base ; cells of 

 anthers bifid, and dehiscing at the apex. Ovarium free, de- 

 pressed, globose, 5-celled ; cells many-seeded. Hypogynous 

 scales or glands 10, 3-lobed, forming a ring round the ovarium, 

 and alternating with the stamens. Style terminal, short. Stigma 

 convex, obsoletely 5-lobed. Berry propped by the rather fleshy 

 calyx. Seeds minute, oblong-ovate. Small, much branched 

 shrubs, with small alternate approximate leaves ; axillary, soli- 

 tary, pedunculate, drooping white flowers, and bracteate pedun- 

 cles. This genus agrees with Epacridese in the presence of 

 hypogynous scales. 



1 P. EMPETRIFO V LIA (Gaud. 1. c. t. 67.) much branched, dif- 

 fuse ; leaves alternate, distich, oblong, quite entire ; flowers 

 lateral, solitary, drooping. J? . F. Native of the Falkland 

 Islands. A'rbutus empetrifolia, Lin. suppl. p. 239. Pers. 

 syn. 1. p. 483. A. pumila? Willd. spec. 3. p. 619. Pers. 

 ench. 1. p. 483. Andromeda empetrifolia, Lam. diet. 1. p. 

 155. Bruyere a feuilles poinstues, Pernetty, voy. 2. p. 64. 

 Flowers white. Leaves like those of E'mpetrum. 



Crow-berry-leaved Pernettya. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 



2 P. MUCRONA'TA (Gaud, in ann. sc. 5. p. 102.) leaves ovate, 

 cuspidate, denticulately serrulate, stiff", shining on both surfaces ; 

 pedicels axillary, bracteate, about equal in length to the leaves. 

 17 . H. Native of Terra del Fuego, Cape Horn, and Straits of 

 Magellan. Lindl. bot. reg. 1675. A'rbutus mucronata, Lin. 

 fil. suppl. p. 239. Forst. in comm. goet. 9. p. 31. Graham in 

 bot. mag. t. 3093. Lam. ill. t. 366. f. a. Lodd. bot. cab. 

 1848. Flowers white, drooping. 



Mucronate-le&ved Pernettya. Fl. May. Clt. 828. Shrub 

 2 to 3 feet. 



3 P. MICROPHY'LLA (Gaud. 1. c.) leaves ovate, acute, serrated ; 

 pedicels short, axillary. ^ H. Native of the Straits of Ma- 

 gellan. A'rbutus microphylla, Forst. in comm. goet. 9. p. 32. 

 Willd. spec. 2. p. 619. A'rbutus serpyllifolia, Lam. Flowers 

 white, drooping. 



Small-leaved Pernettya. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 



4 P. MYRSINITIS ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, serrated, scat- 



