866 



ERICACE-fli. LXI. CLADOTHAMNUS. LXII. HYPOPITYS. LXIII. MONOTROPA. LXIV. PIEROSPORA. 



Margins of the valves septiferous. Placenta 5-lobed; lobes 

 roundish. Seeds numerous, small, involved in membranous 

 aril. A much branched shrub. Leaves sessile, entire, elliptic 

 or oblong, glabrous, but when young finely ciliated, glauces- 

 cent beneath, l inch long and 5 lines broad. Flowers axillary, 

 solitary. 



1 C. PYROLIFLORUS (Bongard, 1. c). f? . H. Native of the 

 north-west coast of America, and of the Island of Sitcha. 



Pyrola-florvered Cladothamnus. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 



Cult. For culture and propagation see Azalea, p. 851. 



Tribe V. 



MONOTRO'PE.fE (this tribe contains plants agreeing with 

 Monolropa in many important characters). D. Don, in edinb. 

 phil. journ. 17. p. 152. Anthers 1 -celled. Ovarium free. 

 Hypogynous disk naked. Seeds peltate. Embryo undivided. 

 Leafless parasitical herb. 



LXII. HYPO'PITYS (from vm, hupo, under ; and 

 pitys, a pine-tree ; the species are parasitical on the roots of 

 pine-trees). Dill. gen. 7. Nutt. gen. amer 1. p. 270. Mo- 

 notropa species, Lin. and others. Orobanchoides, Tourn. mem; 

 acad. 170. 



LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 3 to 5-parted. 

 Corolla permanent, so deeply 4-5-cleft as to appear of 4-5 

 petals ; each segment with a cucullate nectariferous base. Sta- 

 mens 8-10. Anthers small, horizontal, with 2 obtuse horns at 

 their base, at length opening flat. Stigma orbicular, .with a 

 bearded margin. Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved. Seeds very nu- 

 merous, minute, girded by a narrow wing or membrane. 

 Parasitical upon the roots of trees destitute of proper leaves 

 and verdure. Roots composed of dense imbricating scales. 

 Stems or scapes aggregate, simple, furnished with alternate 

 scales. Flowers racemose, pedicellate. Raceme bent at first, 

 but at length erect. Scent of the whole plant musky. Habit 

 of Orobdnche. 



1 H. EUROPE' A (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 271.) scape spike- 

 flowered ; scales and flowers glabrous outside ; lateral flowers 

 octandrous. I/ . H. Native of many parts of Europe, as 

 Sweden, Denmark, France, Italy, Britain, &c., in woods, 

 where the ground is covered with rotten leaves, at the roots 

 of fir, beech, and oak. In North America, from Canada to 

 Pennsylvania, at the roots of beech and other trees, in shady 

 moist places. With us, in Oxfordshire, in Stoken Church 

 woods, and between Nettle-bed and Henley, Bedfordshire, 

 Buckinghamshire, Berkshire, frequent ; Maidstone in Kent ; 

 Tring in Hertfordshire ; in the beech woods of Sussex ; in 

 Selbourn-hanger, Hampshire ; Riley in Gloucestershire ; En- 

 ville in Staffordshire ; Shottesham and Stoke in Norfolk ; in 

 Scotland, but not common. Monotropa Hypopitys, Lin. spec. 

 555. Smith, engl. bot. t. 69. Fl. dan. t. 232. Hipopitys 

 multiflora, Scop. earn. no. 178. Dill. gies. 99. append. 134. t. 

 7. Mentz. pug. 8. f. 5. Pluk. phyt. t. 209. f. 5. Mor. hist. 

 3. sect. 12. t. 16. f. 20. The whole plant has a pale yellow or 

 brownish yellow appearance ; the American one is much smaller 

 than the European one. In Sweden it is given dry to sheep 

 that are affected with cough. 



European Yellow Bird's-nest. Fl. June, July. Britain. 

 PI. i foot. 



2 H. HYPOPHE'GEA ; raceme few-flowered; petals glabrous, 

 jagged, about equal in length to the style, which is quite gla- 

 brous. T^.'H. Native of Europe, in beech woods. Mono- 

 tropa hypophegea, Wallr. sched. Monotropa hypoxya, Spreng. 

 syst. 2. p. 317. 



Beech Yellow Bird's-nest. PI. foot. 



3 H. LANUGINOSA (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 271.) scapes spike- 

 flowered; bracteas and flowers woolly. If.. H. Native of 

 North America, from Pennsylvania to Carolina, in similar places 

 to the preceding. Monotropa lanugiiiosa, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 

 2. p. 266. The whole plant is of a light tan colour, downy in 

 every part. Segments of calyx inconstant in number. 



Woolly Yellow Bird'-nest. PI. | foot. 



Cult. The species are not cultivatable. 



LXIII. MONO'TROPA (from HOVOQ, monos, one ; and 

 tropeo, to turn ; flowers turned one way). Nutt. gen. 

 amer. 271. Monotropa species, Lin. gen. no. 536, Juss. 

 gen. 430. 



LIN. SYST. Decdndria Monogynia. Calyx none. Corolla 

 permanent, so deeply 5-parted as to appear 5-petalled ; each 

 segment with a cucullate nectariferous base. Stamens 10 ; an- 

 thers reniform, horizontal, with 2 obtuse horns at their base, 

 emitting the pollen near the middle by 2 transverse chinks. 

 Stigma orbicular, naked. Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved. Seeds 

 numerous, minute, surrounded by a wing. Parasitical plants, 

 mostly upon the roots of trees, destitute of proper leaves and 

 verdure. Root roundish, composed of an agglomeration of 

 intricate succulent fibres, producing many 1-flowered scaly 

 scapes or stems. Flowers at first nutant. Plants white and 

 smooth, destitute of the musky odour of Hypopitys, but 

 having a nauseous lileaceous scent when bruised. Habit of 

 Orobdnche. 



1 M. MORISONIA'NA (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 266.) scapes 

 elongated, very straight, 1-flowered, furnished with distant 

 scales ; flower erect. I/ . H. Native of Virginia and Caro- 

 lina, in shady woods, parasitical on the roots of trees. Mor. 

 hist. 3. sect. 12. t. 16. f. 5. Flowers larger than in the follow- 

 ing species, frequently with 12 stamens. 



Morison's White Bird's-nest. PI. ^ foot. 



2 M. UNIFLORA (Lin. spec. 555.) scape short, thick, 1-flow- 

 ered, furnished with approximate scales ; flowers drooping. 

 Tf.. H. Native from New York to Carolina, parasitical on the 

 roots of trees, in shady moist places. Hook. exot. fl. t. 85. 

 Pluk. aim. t. 209. f. 2. Catesb. car. 1. t. 36. 



One-flowered White Bird's-nest. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1 824. 

 PI. | foot. 



Cult. The species are not cultivatable. 



LXIV. PTERO'SPORA (from vrtnov, pteron, a wing, 

 and <rm>pa, spora, a seed ; the seeds are surrounded by a mem- 

 branous margin or wing). Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 269. Lindl. 

 coll. with a figure. 



LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Co- 

 rolla ovate, with a 5-toothed reflexed border. Stamens 10. 

 Anthers excentrically peltate, 2-celled, adnate to the filaments 

 by the margin, bisetose at the base. Capsule 5-celled, imper- 

 fectly 5-valved ; dissepiments and valves united towards the 

 base, and joined with the central axis. Placenta 5-lobed. 

 Seeds very numerous and minute, each furnished with a termi- 

 nal wing.^-An evanescent annual plant, destitute of verdure, 

 with the habit of Monotropa, to which it is nearly allied. Leaves 

 none. Stem simple, racemose. Flowers numerous, scattered, 

 reddish, resembling those of some species of Andromeda. Pe- 

 duncles rather long, 1-flowered, drooping. 



1 P. ANDROMEDA (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 27.) O- H. Na- 

 tive of Upper Canada, near the Falls of Niagara, in clay soils ; 

 banks of Seneca lake ; and near Albany, in the state of New 



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