OLEIN.E. XIII. LIXOCIERA. XIV. FRAXINCS. 



53 



8 L. MACROPHY'LLA (Wall. cat. 2826.) racemes compound, 

 axillarv, composed of 3-5-flowered branches or peduncles; 

 leaves elliptic, tapering to both ends, on long subalate petioles, 

 entire, glabrous. ^ . S. Native of Silhet. Leaves 8-10 inches 

 long, and 4-6 broad. Very like L. ramiflora. 



Large-leated Linociera. Tree or shrub. 



9 L. MALABA'RICA (Wall. cat. no. 2828.) peduncles com- 

 pound, axillary, aggregate, downy as well as the calyxes, with 

 3-flowered branches ; leaves elliptic, obtuse, short-acuminated, 

 sometimes tapering to the base, coriaceous, glabrous, fy . S. 

 Native of Malabar. Chionanthus Malabaricus, Herb. Heyne. 



Malabar Linociera. Tree or shrub. 



10 L. MOXTA'NA ; racemes compound, axillary, crowded, much 

 shorter than the leaves ; leaves elliptic-oblong, acuminated, en- 

 tire, glabrous, fj . S. Native of Java, in woods on the moun- 

 tains of Parang and Salak, where it is called Kiburiet. Chio- 

 nanthus montanus, Blum, bijdr. p. 681. 



Mountain Linociera. Tree. 



1 1 L. OBLONGA (Wall. cat. no. 2843.) peduncles lateral and 

 axillary, trichotomously branched ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, 

 acuminated, tapering to the base, pale beneath, glabrous. ^ . S. 

 Native of the Burmese empire, on mount Taong Dong. 



Oi/ong-leaved Linociera. Tree or shrub. 



12 L. TERXIFLORA (Wall. cat. no. 2845.) leaves oblong-lan- 

 ceolate, acuminated, glabrous : having the veins converging at 

 top : acumen obtuse ; peduncles racemose, branched, lateral, 

 and axillary : with 3 -flowered branches. Ij . S. Native of the 

 Burmese empire, on the banks of the Saluen river. 



Tern-flowered Linociera. Tree or shrub. 



13 L. COTIXIFOLIA (Vahl, enum. 1. p. 47.) racemes sub-com- 

 pound ; peduncles 3-flowered ; flowers pedicellate ; leaves vil- 

 lous beneath, fj . S. Native of Ceylon. Chionanthus coti- 

 nifolia, Willd. spec. 1. p. 47. Chionanthus Zeylanica, Lam. 

 iil. 1. p. 30. t. 9. f. 2. Houtt. syst. 1. p. 204. t. 5. f. 1. Very 

 nearly allied to L. latifblia. Flowers reddish. 



Colinus-leated Linociera. Clt. 1818. Tree. 



14 L. PURPL-'REA (Vahl, enum. 1. p. 47.) racemes axillary, 

 usually compound; peduncles 3-flowered, drooping; bracteas 

 ovate ; petals channelled ; leaves obovate-lanceolate or elliptic, 

 tapering at both ends, and are, as well as the calyxes, gla- 

 brous, f? . S. Native of Ceylon. Chionanthus purpiirea, Lam. 

 Chionanthus Zeylanica, Lin. fl. zeyl. no. 14. spec. 11. exclusive 

 of the synonymes. Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 107. Thoumia nutans, 

 Lin. suppl. 89. Pluk. aim. t. 241. f. 4. Burm. zeyl. 31. 

 Branches covered with elevated black dots. Leaves 1^-2 inches 

 long, a little attenuated at the base, with a short acute acumen. 

 Petals shorter tlian in the rest, purplish. 



Purp/e-flowered Linociera. Tree. 



15 L. ? FLA'VICASS (Willem. herb. maur. p. 3. Vahl, enum. 1. 

 p. 47.) panicles axillary ; petals ovate ; leaves obovate, retuse. 



fj . S. Native of the Mauritius. Thouinia flavicans, Willemet. 

 Pedicels thickened at top, furnished with 2 minute bracteas at 

 the forks. Calycine segments triangular. Corolla coriaceous, 

 yellow. Petals erect, concave. 



l'e//o>mA-flowered Linociera. Shrub. 



Cult. See Xotelaea for culture and propagation, p. 52. 



Tribe V. 



FRAXINIE'^E. Flowers polygamous. Calyx 4-parted, or 

 wanting. Corolla of 4 petals, 4-parted, or wanting. Stamens 

 2, short ; anthers dehiscing externally. Stigma nearly sessile, 

 bifid. Fruit a 2-celled, compressed samara, winged at the top, 

 usually 1 -seeded. 



XIV. FRA'XINUS (from Qpatrau, phraifo, to hedge or en- 

 close; the ash was formerly used for forming hedges). Tourn. inst. 



343. Lin. gen. no. 1160. Mich. gen. 107. Juss. gen. 105. 

 Schkuhr, handb. t. 375. Lam. ill. t. 858. Gaertn. fruct. 1. 1. 49. 

 LIN. SYST. Polygamia, Dioecia. Flowers polygamous. Calyx 

 none, or 4-parted or 4-toothed. Corolla none. Stamens 2, in 

 the male flowers. Anthers sessile or on short filaments, dehiscing 

 outwardly. Female flowers the same, except that they have 

 no stamens. Stigma bifid. Fruit or samara 2-celled, com- 

 pressed, winged at top; cells 1 -seeded. Trees with opposite, 

 unequally pinnate, rarely simple leaves ; and lateral racemes of 

 greenish-yellow flowers. 



* Flonert naked. 



1 F. EXCE'LSIOR (Lin. spec. p. 1509.) leaflets almost sessile, 

 lanceolate-oblong, acuminate, serrated, cuneated at the base ; 

 flowers naked ; samara obliquely emarginate at the apex. >r . 

 H. Native of Europe. Willd. spec. 4. p. 1099. Fl. dan. 

 969. Smith, engl. bot. 1692. Svensk, bot. 175. F. apetala, 

 Lam. fl. fr. Lam. ill. 858. f. 1. F. rostrata, Guss. pi. rar. p. 

 374. Blackw. t. 328. Dodon, penph. 771. Lob. icon. 2. t. 

 107. f. 2. F. ornus, Scop. earn. no. 1249. F. apetala, Lam. fl. 

 fr. F. erosa, Pers. F. crispa, Bosc. The leaves have generally 

 5 pairs of leaflets, from 4 to 6. The flowers are produced in 

 loose spikes, from the sides of the branches. There are not only 

 female flowers, and hermaphrodite ones, but also male ones. 



The Ash, in German and Dutch, is called Esche or Asclte ; in 

 Danish and Swedish, Ask; in French, Le Frene ; in Italian, 

 Fratsino; in Spanish, Fretno ; in Portuguese, Freuco ; in Rus- 

 sian, Jos, Jasen, or Jassen. The English name is from the 

 Saxon JEsa. Ray says it has its name from the colour of the 

 bark. Its usual time of flowering is March and April ; of leafing, 

 from April 22d to May 15th. The timber of the ash is next in 

 value to the oak, and in some places equal to it : it is hard and 

 tough, and of excellent use to the coachmaker, wheelwright, 

 and cartwright, for ploughs, axle-trees, fellies, harrows, and 

 many other implements of husbandry ; for ladders, oars, 

 blocks for pulleys, &c. Anciently it was in great request for 

 spears. Being not apt to split and scale, it is excellent 

 for tenons and mortises ; also for the cooper, turner, and 

 thatcher. Nothing is like it for palisade-hedges, hop-yards, 

 poles and spars, handles and stocks for tools, &c. When 

 curiously veined, the cabinet-makers use it, and call it green 

 Ebony. Of all timber it is the sweetest fuel. If a wood 

 of ash-trees be managed well, it will turn greatly to the ad- 

 vantage of its owner ; the underwood will be fit to cut every 

 seven or eight years for hoops, or every 14 years for hop- 

 poles, &c. and still there will be a stock preserved for tim- 

 ber. The best season for felling the ash is from November to 

 February ; but, for lopping pollards, the spring is preferable for 

 all soft woods. The ashes of the wood afford a very good potash. 

 The bark is used for tanning cat-skin and nets. In the north of 

 Lancashire they lop the ash, to feed the cattle, in autumn, when 

 the grass is upon the decline. The leaves have been gathered to 

 mix with tea. An infusion of them is an aperient ; and a decoc- 

 tion of 2 drachms of the bark, or 6 of the leaves, has been used 

 in the cure of agues. If cows eat the leaves or shoots, the 

 butter from their milk is said to be rank ; but this is doubtful, 

 for there is no taste in ash-leaves to countenance the assertion, 

 and this is the next tree, after the elm, which the Romans 

 recommended for fodder. The ash is, however, a very im- 

 proper tree for hedge rows, and the borders of arable land ; the 

 drip of it is very unfavourable to all other vegetable productions; 

 it exhausts the soil much, and the roots spread widely near the 

 surface, so that it injures the hedge, and impoverishes the 

 crop sown near it. 



Though the ash be a handsome tree, it should not by any 

 means be planted for protection or ornament, because the leaves 



