56 



OLEINJE. XIV. FRAXINUS. XV. ORNUS. 



23 F. RUBICU'NDA (Bosc. 1. c.) leaves with 3 pairs of coria- 

 ceous leaflets, rather tomentose beneath ; leaflets oblong, acute, 

 a little toothed : having the veins and petioles reddish beneath ; 

 buds and branchlets grey. 1? . H. Native of North America. 



Reddish-veineA Ash-tree. Fl. May. Clt. 1824. Tree. 



24 F. LONGIFOLIA (Bosc. 1. c.) leaves with 3 pairs of leaflets, 

 shining above, but tomentose beneath and on the petioles ; leaf- 

 lets oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, a little toothed ; branches 

 hairy. f; . H. Native of North America. 



Long-leaved Ash-tree. Fl. May. Clt. 1824. Tr. 30 to 40 ft. 



25 F. VIRIDIS (Bosc. 1. c.) leaves with 3 pairs of leaflets, 

 shining above, but the veins are downy beneath ; leaflets oblong, 

 acute, sharply and unequally serrated ; branches green. T? . H. 

 Native of North America. 



Green Ash-tree. Fl. May. Clt. 1824. Tree. 



26 F. CINE'REA (Bosc. 1. c.) leaves with 3 pairs of glabrous 

 leaflets, but the veins are rather pilose beneath ; leaflets lanceo- 

 late, unequally toothed ; buds linear, grey, pilose. Jj . H. 

 Native of North America. 



Grey Ash-tree. Fl. May. Clt. 1824. Tree. 



27 F. A'LBA (Bosc. 1. c.) leaves with 3 pairs of leaflets, hairy 

 beneath, and on the petioles ; leaflets lanceolate, unequally and 

 sharply toothed, acuminated ; branches grey. I; . H. Native 

 of North America. 



White Ash-tree. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1823. Tree. 



28 F. RICHA'RDI (Bosc. 1. c.) leaves with 3 pairs of glabrous 

 leaflets : but the veins are rather pilose beneath ; leaflets oblong, 

 acute, toothed ; branches cinereous, pilose at the base. Pj . H. 

 Native of North America. 



Richard's Ash-tree. Fl. April, May. Clt. ? Tree. 



29 F. OVA'TA (Bosc. 1. c.) leaves with 3 pairs of leaflets, 

 pilose beneath ; leaflets ovate, acute, equally toothed ; buds 

 fulvous. Jj . H. Native of North America. 



Ovate-leaved Ash-tree. Fl. April, May. Clt. ? Tree. 



30 F. NIGRA (Bosc. I. c.) leaves with 3 pairs of glabrous 

 leaflets ; leaflets oblong, acuminated, somewhat sinuately toothed ; 

 branches blackish. T?.H. Native of North America. 



Black Ash- tree. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1825. Tree. 



31 F. ELiipTicA (Bosc. 1. c.) leaves with 3 pairs of leaflets, 

 pilose beneath ; leaflets oblong, mucronate, a little toothed ; 

 buds fulvous ; branches brownish black. fj . H. Native of 

 North America. 



Elliptic-leaved Ash-tree. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1824. Tree. 



32 F. FU'SCA (Bosc. 1. c.) leaves with 3 pairs of leaflets, 

 glabrous above, but the veins are villous beneath ; leaflets ob- 

 long, mucronate, unequally toothed ; branches brown. ^ H. 

 Native of North America. 



.Brown-branched Ash-tree. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1 823. Tr. 



33 F. RU'FA (Bosc. 1. c.) leaves with 2 pairs of leaflets, beset 

 with rufous pili beneath ; leaflets lanceolate, acuminated, cus- 

 pidate, unequally toothed. Jj . H. Native of North America. 



Rufous-haired Ash-tree. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1822. Tr. 



34 F. PA'LLIDA (Bosc. 1. c.) leaves with 3 pairs of glabrous 

 leaflets ; leaflets almost sessile, ovate-lanceolate, toothed ; 

 branches yellow. Jj . H. Native of North America. 



Pale-barked Ash-tree. Fl. April, May. Clt.? Tree. 



35 F. ACUMINA'TA (Lam. diet. 2. p. 542.) leaflets petiolate, 

 oblong, shining, quite entire, glaucous beneath ; flowers calycu- 

 late. Tj . H. Native from Canada to Carolina, in woods. F. 

 Americana, Willd. spec. 4. p. 1102. F. concolor, Michx. fil. 

 arb. p. 33. icon. Leaflets 7. 



Acuminated-leaved Ash. Fl. May. Clt. 1723. Tree. 



36 F. PANNOSA (Vent, and Bosc. 1. c.) leaves with 3 pairs of 

 leaflets, villously tomentose beneath ; leaflets petiolate, ovate, 

 quite entire, attenuated at both ends ; buds fulvous ; petioles 

 glabrous, tj . H. Native of Carolina. 



Cloth-leaved Ash. Fl. May. Clt. 1820. Tree. 



37 F. TRIPTERA (Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 232.) leaflets obovate, 

 entire, tomentose beneath, oblique at the base ; samara broad, 

 elliptic-obovate, mostly 3-winged, attenuated at the base, 1 -seeded ; 

 seed 3-sided. Tj . H. Native of South Carolina, in oak forests. 



Three-ivinged-fruhed Ash-tree. Tree. 



Cult. Most of the species of Frdxinus are large forest trees, 

 and are generally raised in quantities from seed, which do not 

 vegetate till the second spring after sowing, if kept out of the 

 ground all winter ; but if sown in the autumn immediately after 

 gathering, they vegetate in the following spring. Any of the 

 kinds may be increased by budding or grafting on the common 

 ash; and the younger the stock on which they are grafted the 

 better. In grafting the species of Frdxinus, as well as other 

 trees which do not readily take, it is best to graft at the side, 

 allowing the top to remain until the scion is fixed and the wound 

 healed, as the top, when allowed to remain, draws up the sap 

 to the scion, while on the contrary, if taken off, it stagnates the 

 free circulation of the sap to the graft. 



XV. ORNUS (Oren, Hebrew ; opuvi) /i\ia, oreine melia, 

 from opoe, oros, a mountain, Greek ; Ornus, Latin ; the names for 

 the wild ash). Pers. ench. 1. p. 8. Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 6. 

 Nutt. gen. amer. l.p. 6. Frdxinus species of authors. 



LIN. SYST. Diandria, Monogynia, or Polygamia, Dioecia. 

 Flowers hermaphrodite, or of different sexes. Calyx 4-parted 

 or 4-toothed. Corolla 4-parted ; segments long, ligulate. Sta- 

 mens with long filaments. Stigma emarginate. Samara 1 -celled, 

 1 -seeded, winged. Trees with impari-pinnate leaves and termi- 

 nal or axillary panicles of flowers. 



1 O. EUROPJE'A (Pers. ench. 1. p. 9. Sav. trat. ed. 2. t. 1.) 

 leaves with 3-4 pairs of lanceolate or elliptic, attenuated, ser- 

 rated, stalked leaflets ; peduncles axillary, solitary, shorter 

 than the leaves ; flowers complete or hermaphrodite. Jj . H. 

 Native of the south of Europe. Fraxinus O'rnus, Lin. spec. 

 1510. Smith, fl. grsec. 1. t. 4. Mill. fig. t. 1. Lam. ill. 9. 

 t. 858. f. 2. Woodv. med. hot. 1. p. 104. t. 36. Church et 

 Stev. med. hot. 2. t. 53. F. O'rnus and F. paniculata, Mill. diet, 

 no. 3. and no. 4. F. florifera, Scop. earn. no. 1250. F. bo- 

 tryoides, Mor. praelud. 265. F. vulgatior, Segu. ver. 2. p. 290. 

 Duham. arb. 4. Bauh. hist. 1. p. 177. f. 1. Young branches 

 purplish or livid, with yellow dots. Buds cinereous. Leaflets 

 entire at the base, villous or downy beneath. Flowers greenish 

 white. Scopoli observed hermaphrodite flowers on one tree 

 and female ones on the other. Mr. Miller's F. paniculata has 

 chiefly male flowers. Manna is obtained from this tree, as well 

 as from O. rotundifblia. 



Manna is yielded by different trees, but principally from the 

 species of O'rnus, Fraxinus, and Jtiglans. The manna is 

 generally of two kinds ; not on account of the intrinsic quality 

 of them being different, but only because they are got in a 

 different manner. In order to obtain manna, those who have 

 the management of the woods of the Orni, in the months of 

 July and August, when the weather is very dry and warm, 

 make an oblong incision, and take off from the bark of the 

 tree about 3 inches in length and 2 in breadth ; they leave the 

 wound open, and by degrees the manna runs out, and is almost 

 suddenly thickened to its proper consistence, and is found ad- 

 hering to the bark of the trees. The manna, which is collected 

 in baskets, and goes under the name of Manna grassa, is put in 

 a dry place, because moist and wet places will soon dissolve it 

 again. This first kind of manna is often in large irregular 

 pieces of a brownish colour, and is frequently full of dust and 

 other impurities. But when the people want to have a very 

 fine manna, they apply to the incision of the bark thin straw, 

 or bits of shrubs, so that the manna, in coming out, runs upon 

 those bodies, and is collected in a sort of regular tubes, which 

 give it the name of manna-canali, or manna in tubes ; this second 



