150 



ASCLEPIADE^E. LXII. CYNANCHUM. 



LXII. CYNA'NCHUM (from KVUIV KWOC, kyon kynos, a dog; 

 and ay\<i>, ancho, to strangle ; poisonous effects of some species.) 

 R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 43. Wight, and Arnott, contrib. 

 ind. hot. p. 55. Cynanchum species, Lin. and others. 



LIN. SYST. Penldndria, Digynia. Corolla sub-rotate, 5- 

 parted. Stamineous corona, 5-20-lobed; when only 5-lobed, 

 the lobes are opposite the anthers. Anthers terminated by a 

 membrane. Pollen masses ventricose, pendulous. Stigma usu- 

 ally apiculated, but sometimes mutic, rarely rostrate. Follicles 

 smooth. Seeds eomose. Herbs or sub-shrubs, for the most 

 part twining. Leaves opposite. Umbels interpetiolar. 



$ 1. Stamineous corona tubular, with a 5-10 cleft border, in- 

 closing the gynostegium ; the 5 inner segments opposite, and 

 parallel nith the anthers and exterior lobes. Pollen masses 

 inserted beneath their apexes. Follicles cylindrical, much 

 divaricate. Stems twining. Leaves cordate. 



1 C. DALHOUSI* (Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 55.) twining, 

 smoothish ; leaves linear-lanceolate, attenuated, broadest at the 

 base, cordate, pale beneath, and marked with brown veins ; 

 umbels few-flowered ; pedicels longer than the peduncles ; seg- 

 ments of corolla oval, obtuse ; corona equal in length to the co- 

 rolla, 10-lobed : alternate lobes the smallest : the inner seg- 

 ments small, obtuse, tooth-formed ; stigma sub-apiculated, un- 

 divided, fj . . H. Native at Simla, Countess of Dalhousie ; 

 Mussorie, Royle. Leaves 4-6 inches long, and 4-12 lines broad 

 at the base. 



Countess of Dalhousie's Cynanchum. Shrub tw. 



2 C. ACU'TUM (Lin. spec. p. 310., exclusive of the synonymes. 

 R. Br. mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 44.) herbaceous twining, glabrous ; 

 leaves oblong, ovate-cordate, acute ; segments of corolla oblong, 

 obtuse ; stigma apiculated, semi-bifid ; follicles cylindrical, diva- 

 ricate. "H.. H. Native of Italy, Spain, Tauria, Astrachan, &c. 

 Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 177. Jacq. misc. 1. p. 16. t. 1. Schkuhr. 

 handb. 1. p. 166. t. 54. C. Monspeliacum, Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 

 411. C. Monspeliacum, /3, Lam. diet. 1. p. 235. C. Sibiricum, 

 Willd. act. nov. am. N. C. berol. 1799. t. 6. f. 2. Pers. 1. p. 

 273. Tourn. inst. 93. Clus. hist. 125. Trevv. ehrh. 44. t. 

 82. Flowers white. 



^cu/e-leaved Cynanchum. Fl. July. Clt. 1596. PI. tw. 



3 C. PUBE'SCENS (Bunge, in mem. acad. petersb. 2. p. 118.) 

 corona double ; outer one 10-cleft, having the alternate segments 

 acute, ovate ; the rest filiform and elongated; inner corona 5- 

 cleft, with shorter, filiform segments ; segments of corolla linear, 

 obtuse ; leaves cordate, acute, downy ; stems herbaceous, twin- 

 ing. If.. / "\ F. Native of China, in hedges. Flowers minute, 

 white. Nearly allied to C. acutum. 



Downy Cynanchum. PI. twining. 



4 C. EXCE'LSUM (Desf. fl. all. 1. p. 212.) herbaceous, twining, 

 glabrous ; leaves cordate-lanceolate, acute, glabrous ; follicles 

 long, narrow, flatfish, very acute, "if. . ^. H. Native of Barbary, 

 on the shore about Tozzer. Leaves like those of C. acutum, 1-2 

 inches long. 



Tall Cynanchum. Fl. July. Clt. 1816. PI. tw. 



5 C. MONSPELIACUM (Lin. spec. p. 31 1., exclusive of the sy- 

 nonymes. R. Br. 1. c.) herbaceous, twining, glabrous ; leaves 

 reniform, coarctate at top, and semi-lanceolate ; segments of 

 corolla lanceolate, bluntish ; stigma apiculated, semi-bifid ; folli- 

 cles cylindrical. If.. . H. Native of Italy, south of France, 

 Spain, and Greece, by the sea side. Cav. icon. 1. p. 44. t. 

 60. Jacq. coll. 4. p. 106. icon. 2. t. 340. St. Hil. 35. t. 6. 

 Tourn. inst. 93. Clus. hist. 1. p. 126. Flowers white, but 

 flesh-coloured, according to Jacquin. 



Montpelier Cynanchum. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1596. Shrub 

 twining. 



6 C. LONGirbnuM (Martens, ex Spreng, syst. add. p. 110.) 



herbaceous, twining ; leaves cordate, acuminated, nerved ; seg- 

 ments of corolla acute; exterior corona 10-leaved: the 5 alter- 

 nate lobes lanceolate, acute, and the other 5 sub-crenated and 

 obtuse. If.. H. Native about Venice. 

 Long-leaved Cynanchum. PI. twining. 



7 C. CHINB'NSE (R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 44.) herba- 

 ceous, twining, glabrous ? ; leaves ovate-cordate, with a short 

 acumen ; segments of the corolla linear, acute, compressedly 

 filiform, entire, l/.^.H. Native of China, in the province of 

 Peckley, Sir G. Staunton. Stigma ending in semi-bifid point. 

 Follicles cylindrical. 



Chinese Cynanchum. PI. twining. 



8 C. BIROSTRA'TUM (Hook, and Arn. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. 

 p. 35.) leaves narrow, cordately-sagittate, with oblong-obtuse 

 lobes, sub-coriaceous, glabrous ; umbels many-flowered ; pedi- 

 cels and calyxes downy ; tube of corolla urceolate ; segments of 

 the limb lanceolate, downy outside ; Stamineous corona simple, 

 of 5 bifid segments ; stigma long-beaked, deeply bifid. fj . / "\ 

 F. Native of Chili, about Conception. Flowers white. Leaves 

 resembling those of C. acutum. 



Birostrate Cynanchum. Shrub twining. 



2. Stamineous corona tubular, with a 5-10-cleft border, inclosing 

 the gynostegium ; the 5 inner keels simple, or drann out into 

 segments. Pollen masses fixed beneath their apexes. Follicles 

 ventricose, angular, spreading. Stems twining. Leaves cor- 

 date, rounded or acute at the base. 



9 C. CORYMBOSUM (Wight, 1. c. p. 56.) twining, glabrous; 

 leaves cordate-ovate, acuminated, glaucous beneath ; corymbs 

 longer than the petioles, many-flowered ; corona equal in length 

 to the corolla, 10-cleft, with the alternate lobes smaller, and the 

 inner carinse simple ; pollen masses fixed beneath their apexes ; 

 stigma apiculated, bifid. fj . ^. S. Native of Silhet. Cynan- 

 chum, Wall. ascl. no. 81. 



Cor^rnfcose-flowered Cynanchum. Shrub tw. 



1 C. PEDUNCULA'TUM (R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1 . p. 97. prod, 

 p. 463.) twining ; common peduncles longer than the leaves ; 

 leaves cordate, smoothish ; axils 2-leaved ; inner carinse of the 

 corona drawn out into segments ; stigma apiculated, emarginate. 

 \l . ^. G. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. C. 

 Brownianum, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 97. 



Pedunculate Cynanchum. Shrub twining. 



1 1 C. FLORIBI/NDUM (R. Br. 1. c.) twining ; common peduncles 

 shorter than the leaves ; leaves cordate, acuminated, quite gla- 

 brous ; axils without leaves ; inner keels of the corona drawn out 

 into segments ; stigma apiculated, emarginate. ^ . / "\ G. Na- 

 tive of New Holland, without the tropic. 



Bundle-flowered Cynanchum. Shrub twining. 



12 C. ERUBE'SCENS (R. Br. 1. c.) twining ; common peduncles 

 about equal in length to the petioles ; leaves cordate, acute ; 

 axils usually 2-leaved ; branchlets and flowers clothed with fine 

 down outside; inner carinae of the 10-cleft corona shorter than 

 the corolla, simple. I? . /0> . G. Native of New Holland, within 

 the tropic. 



Reddish Cynanchum. Shrub twining. 



13 C. BONPLANDIA'NUM (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 98.) 

 twining ; branches marked by a downy line ; leaves lanceolate, 

 acuminated, glabrous, membranous ; umbels almost sessile ; ca- 

 lyxes downy; corona 10-lobed: the alternate lobes the longest, 

 and alternating with the segments of the corolla : stigma conical, 

 convex, emarginate. I; . / " > . S. Native of New Andalusia. C. 

 lanceolatum, H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 203. 

 Flowers minute, white. Corolla rotate, with ovate-acute seg- 

 ments. 



Bonpland's Cynanchum. Shrub twining. 



14 C. MONTEVIDE'NSE (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 851.) herbaceous, 

 twining ; leaves cordate-oblong and lanceolate, acute, and are, as 



