180 



GENTIANE^E. VI. FRASERA. VII. GENTIANA. 



amer. 1. p. 96. Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 94. Spreng. gen. 

 1. p. 85. 



LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogy'nia. Calyx 4-parted or 4- 

 cleft. Corolla 4-parted, spreading ; segments oval, each furnished 

 with an orbicular bearded gland in the middle. Stamens 4, 

 inclosed ; filaments filiform. Anthers ovate, oblong ; somewhat 

 bifid at the base, at length reflexed. Stigmas 2, thick, glandular, 

 capsule compressed, submarginated, 1 -celled. Seeds few, imbri- 

 cated, winged, fixed to the margins of the valves. A tall herb, 

 having the stem and branches tetragonal. Leaves opposite and 

 subverticillate, oblong. Flowers verticillate, on short, 1 -flowered 

 pedicels. Corollas greenish yellow, sometimes mixed with purple. 



1 F. WALTE V RI (Michx. 1. c. t. 97.). $ . F. Native in 

 swamps of Lower Carolina; and on the borders of lakes in 

 Pennsylvania and New York ; and at the sources of the Arkan- 

 sas. F. Caroliniensis, Walt. fl. car. p. 88. Flowers in aggre- 

 gate clusters. The whole of the plant has a very stately appear- 

 ance ; its generic character approaches so near to Smertia that 

 without seeing the fruit it might be considered a species of that 

 genus. 



Walter's Frasera. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1795. PL 3 to 6 ft. 



Cult. This plant requires to be grown in a peat soil, in a 

 moist situation ; it will also require protection the winter after 

 being raised from seed, or that preceding its flowering. 



VII. GENTIA'NA (so named from Gentius, king of Illyria, 

 who first experienced the virtues of some species or other). 

 Borkh. in Rct>m arch. 1. p 28. R. Br. prod. p. 450. Gen- 

 tiana species of authors Hippion species of Schmidt. 



LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-5-cleft, Co- 

 rolla funnel-shaped, rarely salver-shaped, with a naked throat ; 

 limb 5-cleft, without any accessory segments. Stamens 5 ; 

 anthers free, incumbent ; filaments flattened. Stigma 2-lobed, 

 usually sessile. Capsule 1 -celled. Seeds roundish or oblong. 

 Glabrous herbs. Leaves opposite, decussate, petiolate or sessile. 

 Flowers terminal. This genus is easily distinguished from 

 others broken off from Gentiana by the throat of the corolla 

 being naked, in the anthers being free, in the limb of the co- 

 rolla being without any accessory segments, &c. 



SECT. I. Perennial herbaceous plants. Corollas more or 

 less campanulalely funnel-shaped, 5-cleft. Anthers incumbent. 

 Stigma 2-lobed, sessile. 



1 G. LIMOSELLOIDES (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. 

 p. 130. t. 220. f. 1.) procumbent; leaves spatulate, obtuse, 

 rather veiny ; flowers terminal, solitary, on long peduncles ; 

 corolla campanulately funnel-shaped, 5-cleft ; throat naked. 

 It. F. Native of South America, on the burning mount An- 

 tisana, in humid flats. Stem branched, quadrangular. Leaves 

 on long petioles. Calycine segments lanceolate, acute. Ova- 

 rium linear. Lobes of stigma obtuse, spreading. Segments of 

 corolla obovate-oblong, obtuse. 



Limosella-like Gentian. PI. j to 3 foot. 



2 G. RUPICOLA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. t. 220. f. 2.) tufted, 

 procumbent, branched ; leaves spatulate or linear-oblong, ob- 

 tuse, somewhat 1 -nerved, dense; flowers terminal, solitary, 

 pedunculate ; corolla campanulately funnel-shaped, 5-parted ; 

 throat bearded. 2/ . F. Native of mount Antisana, near the 

 crater, among rocks, which are covered by perpetual snow ; 

 and of Peru, near Pasco. Gent, campanuloldes Willd. herb, ex 

 Rcem. etSchultes, syst. 6. p. 184. Branches densely leafy. Leaves 

 sessile. Flowers about the size of those of Campanula pdtula, 

 sometimes larger, purple or blue, with obovate obtuse segments. 

 Calycine segments lanceolate, acutish. Ovarium linear. 



Rock Gentian. PI. procumbent, tufted. 



3 G. ORA'CILIS (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 168. t. 221.) stems 

 ascending, almost simple, 1-flowered ; leaves oblong-spatulate, 

 obtuse, nerveless : lower ones approximate ; corolla campanu- 

 lately funnel-shaped, 5-cleft ; throat beardless. I/ . F. Native 

 on the tops of the Andes of Quito ; in Parama de Saraguru, 

 between Rio Bamba and Loxa. Stems quadrangular, rather 

 compressed at top. Leaves nearly sessile, smaller, and more 

 distant to the tops of the stems. Flowers size of those of Saxi- 

 fraga granuldta ; with lanceolate, acute segments. Calycine 



segments lanceolate, acute. Ovarium linear, compressed. 

 Slender Gentian. PI. ^ foot. 



4 G. SAXIFRAGIOIDES (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 168.) tufted, 

 procumbent; sterile branches short, densely leafy: floriferous 

 ones elongated, few-leaved, ascending, 1-2-flowered ; leaves 

 lanceolate-linear, obtuse, somewhat 1 -nerved ; corolla campa- 

 nulately funnel-shaped, 5-cleft ; throat beardless, y. . F. Na- 

 tive of South America, on the Pulla mountains, between Vina- 

 jaca and Loxa, at the altitude of 1560 hexapods : and near 

 Pasco. Stem branched, creeping. Leaves sessile. Flowers 

 size of those of Halesia tetrdptera, orange-coloured or yellow 

 in the dried state. Segments of corolla obovate-oblong, obtuse. 

 Calycine segments lanceolate, acute. Ovarium linear, compressed. 

 Lobes of stigma obtuse. Leaves sheathing in a very remark- 

 able manner at the base. 



Saxifrage-like Gentian. PI. -| foot. 



5 G. C^ISPITOSA (Graham, in edinb. phil. journ. may. sept. 

 1830.) plant creeping, tufted, ascending, branched ; flowers 

 corymbose, terminal ; leaves crowded, decussate, roundish-ellip- 

 tic, rather fleshy, concave, 3-nerved ; calyx 5-cleft, acute, re- 

 flexed ; corollas erect, campanulate, 5-toothed, obtuse ; with a 

 naked throat. I/ . H. Native of North America, on the arctic 

 coasts ; and reared from seed collected during Capt. Franklin's 

 expedition. Stems rooting at bottom. Leaves like those of 

 Arenaria pej>loides, but much darker green. Flowers sessile, 

 rarely solitary and axillary, usually 3-4 together, terminal. 

 Corolla greenish blue, yellowish green at the base, contracted 

 somewhat towards the mouth, 5-nerved ; three of the nerves 

 passing into each of the blunt teeth of the limb ; stamens reach- 

 ing the base of the teeth. Anthers sagittate, dehiscing along 

 the sides. Stigmas sessile, revolute. Ovarium attenuated at 

 both ends. 



Tufted Gentian. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1829. PI. 1 to 2 in. 



6 G. GRAMINEA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 169.) procumbent; 

 branches ascending, subfastigiate, 1 or 3-flowered ; leaves linear, 

 acute, nerveless, remote ; corolla campanulately funnel-shaped, 

 5-cleft ; throat almost beardless. If. . F. Native of Peru, near 

 Micuipampa, in cold rocky places, at the altitude of 1820 hexa- 

 pods. Stems branched, compressedly quadrangular. Leaves 

 small at the base. Corolla white and violaceous, ex Bonpl. ; 

 with obovate-oblong obtuse segments. Lobes of stigma ob- 

 tuse, spreading. Ovarium linear, compressed. Capsule oblong- 

 linear. 



Grassy Gentian. PI. ^ foot. 



7 G. CERASTIOIDES (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. t. 222. } procum- 

 bent ; branches ascending, few-flowered ; leaves linear, obtuse, 

 obsoletely 3-nerved : lower ones approximate; corolla campa- 

 nulately funnel-shaped, 5-parted ; throat bearded. }/ . F. 

 Native of the Andes, in the province of Pasto, between Chilan- 

 guer and Guachucal, at the altitude of 1600 hexapods. Habit 

 of a species of Cerdstium. Branches slightly tetragonal. 

 Leaves sessile, subconnate. Calycine segments lanceolate-linear, 

 acute. Corolla white? or violaceous; with obovate-oblong, 

 obtuse segments. Ovarium linear. 



Chickneed-like Gentian. PI. 5 to ^ foot. 



8 G. CE'RNUA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 170.) stem erect, 

 nearly simple, 1 -3-flowered ; leaves oblong, or ovate-lanceolate, 



