GENTIANEjE. XIII. ERYCALA. XIV. PNECMOXA'STHE. 



193 



5 of the lobes ovate, acute, and the 5 accessory ones roundish 

 and very short ; capsule cuneate-compressed, winged at top. 

 G- H. Native of Nipaul. Gentiana procumbens, and G. ra- 

 dicata, Royle, mss. Plant tufted ; stems filiform, leafy, pro- 

 cumbent, 1-2 inches long. Flowers on short pedicels. Fila- 

 ments subulate. Style short ; stigmas semicylindrical, revolute. 

 Capsule pedicellate : wings crested. 



Procumbent Erycala. PI. procumbent. 



37 E. CAPITA'TA (D. Don, mss.) stems simple, angular; angles 

 winged ; leaves ovate, petiolate, mucronulate, nerveless ; flowers 

 in dense terminal fascicles, sessile ; calycine segments ovate, 

 keeled, mucronate, recurved, with scarrous edges ; corolla 

 funnel-shaped, 10-lobed : the 5 accessory lobes very short, and 

 crenated : the other 5 ovate, mutic , capsule cuneated, crested 

 at top. G-H. Native of Nipaul. Gentiana capitata, D. Don, 

 prod. fl. nep. p. 1 26. Gent, congesta andG. capitata, Royle, mss. 

 Roots fibry. Bracteas ovate, foliaceous, involucrating, sessile, 

 mucronate. Flowers size of tiiose of Eurythalia campestris ; pale 

 blue. Filaments capillary. Stigmas semicylindrical, revolute. 



Capitate-fion'ered Erycala. PI. j foot. 



38 E. COROXA'TA (D. Don, mss.) plant depressed, tufted, almost 

 stemless ; leaves lanceolate, acute, obsoletely 3-nerved, sessile, 

 spreading, uith cartilaginous edges; flowers aggregate, sessile, 

 involucrated by lanceolate bracteas ; calycine teeth ovate, 

 mucronate, with scarious edges ; corolla tubular, 10-cleft, 

 crowned by a fringed ring ; segments nearly equal, ovate, mu- 

 cronulate. G-H. Native of the Himalaiah, Royle. Gentiana 

 coronata, Royle, mss. Roots filiform, branched. Bracteas con- 

 nate at the base, membranous. Corolla longer than the calyx. 

 Filaments subulate. Anthers oblong. Ovarium sessile. Style 

 elongated. Stigmas semicylindrical, revolute. 



Crorvned-fio\\ered Erycala. PI. 1 inch, tufted. 



39. E. ORBICULA'TA ; stem tetragonal, paniculately branched 

 at top ; leaves roundish, pungently mucronate, recurved, with 

 thick cartilaginous edges ; flowers panicled, solitary, sessile, at 

 the tops of small branches ; calycine segments lanceolate, pun- 

 gently mucronate, as also the segments of the corolla ; accessary 

 segments of corolla small. G. H. Native of East Indies. 

 Gentiana orbiculata, Heyne, herb, ex Wall. cat. no. 4395. 

 Flowers small, blue. Habit of a species of Triptilion. 



Orbicular-leaved Erycala. PI. 5 to 5 foot. 



Cult. The species are small alpine plants, bearing blue 

 flowers, which are large in comparison to the size of the plants. 

 They should be grown in small pots, well drained with sherds, 

 in rich light mould, or a mixture of peat, sand, and loam, and 

 placed among other alpine plants. They are either increased 

 by dividing at the root, or by seed, which should be sown as 

 soon as ripe. The annual kinds require the same treatment as 

 the perennial species. 



XIV. PNEUMONA'NTHE (from ^tv^wr, pneumon, the 

 lungs ; and avzoc, anthos, a flower : used in disorders of the 

 lungs.) Cord. hist. 1. p. 162. f. 2. Lob. icon. 309. Ger. emac. 

 138. Cyana Renealm. specim. 69. t. 63. Gentiana species of 

 Lin. and others. Pneumonanthe species, Schmidt. Dasystephana 

 species, Borkh. in Roem. arch. Ciminalis species, Borkh. 1. c. 



LIN. SYST. Monadelphia Pentandria. Calyx 5-cleft. Co- 

 rolla companulate, or funnel-shaped ; 1 0-cleft, the 5 alternate 

 segments usually small, bifid, or fringed. Stamens 5 ; anthers 

 combined into a tube, or free ; filaments flattened. Stigma 2-lobed 

 or bifid. Capsule 1-celled, 2 valved : seeds angular, oblong. 

 Glabrous herbs. Leaves opposite, decussate. Flowers terminal, 

 solitary or crowded. 



1. Anthers combined. This action contains the true species 



of the genus. 



1. P. ACAU'LIS (Schmidt, in Roem. arch. 1. c.) stems tetrago- 

 VOL. rv. 



nal, 1 -flowered; radical leaves crowded, imbricated; corolla 

 campanulate. 5-cleft ; segments obtuse, mucronate, having as 

 many small accessory segments, y. . H. Native of the Alps 

 of middle Europe, as of Austria, Hungary, and France, as well 

 as of Siberia. Gentiana acaulis, Lin. spec. p. 330. Frcel. gent, 

 p. 57. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1340. Jacq. austr. 2. t. 135, and 

 125. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1594. Curt. bot. mag. t. 52. Gen- 

 tiana grandiflora, Pers. ench. 1. p. 285. Gentiana acaulis, 

 var. a, grandiflora, Lam. diet. 2. p. 637, no. 9. Ciminalis 

 acaulis, Borkh. in Rcem. arch. 1. p. 26. Ciminalis longiflora, 

 Mcench, meth. p. 514. Ciminalis grandiflora, MayerhoflF, fl. 

 mon. t. 37. Schmidel, op. gesn. 2. p. 44. t. 27. f. 86. Barrel, 

 icon. t. 37. Flowers very large, blue, 2 inches long, with 5 

 yellow marks inside. Stigma orbicular, finely crenulated. Cap- 

 sule semibifid. There are 5 melliferous tubercles at the base 

 of the ovarium. Leaves with cartilaginous margins. 



Var. ft, grandiflora (Lam. diet. 1. c.) plant very dwarf; leaves) 

 1-nerved. y.. H. Gentiana acaulis ft, Frcel. gent. 1. c. Thy- 

 lactites, Renealm, specim. p. 70. t. 68. f. 3. 



Var. -y, caulescens (Lam. diet. 2. p. 638. no. 10.) corolla 

 oblong- campanulate, shorter than the stem ; cauline leaves 

 shorter than the internodes. y. . H. Frcel. gent. 1. c. exclusive 

 of the synonyme of Villars. Gentiana acaulis c. D. C. fl. fr. 

 no. 2770. Barrel, icon. t. 106. Bocc. mus. 2. t. 6. 



Var. , angustifolia (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 152.) 

 leaves oblong-linear, nerveless : corolla campanulate, exceeding 

 the stem. 1(.. H. Gentiana angustifolia, Vill. dauph. 2. p. 

 526. no. 7. Gent, acaulis, Lin. and Willd. ex D. C. fl. fr. no. 

 2770. Pneumonanthe angustifolia, Schmidt, in Roem. arch. 1. 

 p. 14. no. 10. Lob. icon. 310. Barrel, icon. t. 110. f. 2. 



Var. f, biflbra; stem 2-flowered. If. . H. Bauh. hist. 3. p. 523. 



Var. ,albifibra; corollas white, or nearly so. If,. H. Seg. 

 pi. ver. 3. p. 91. 



Var. ri, variegata ; leaves variegated. 



Var. $, fiore-pleno; corollas double. 



<S7em/eMCalathian violet. Fl. March, May. Britain. PL i foot. 



2 P. VULGA'RIS (Schmidt, in Rcem. arch. 1. p. 10. no. 8.) 

 stem tetragonal ; leaves linear-spatulate, obtuse ; flowers ter- 

 minal and axillary, pedunculate ; corolla funnel-shaped, 5-cleft, 

 with acuminated segments. Tf. . H. Native of Europe, from 

 Norway to Sicily, Caucasus and Siberia, in low, humid meadows. 

 In Britain, abundant in Lincolnshire and Yorkshire, in boggy 

 parts of heaths. Found by Mr. Newtown between Clapham anil 

 Engleton ; near Doncaster, by Mr. Tofield ; near Milthorp, in 

 Westmoreland, and in Lancashire, common ; near Tunbridge, in 

 Kent ; on Longfield Downs, near Gravesend ; near Greenhithe, 

 Cobham, &c. in Kent ; as well as at Lellingstone, and near 

 Dartford, &c. Gentiana Pneumonanthe, Lin. spec. 330. Smith, 

 engl. bot. t. 20. Hall. helv. 641. Fl. dan. t. 269. Pall. ross. 

 2. p. 105. Bieb. fl. cauc. l.p. 196. Plenck. icon. t. 160. 

 Dreves and Hayne, 2. t. 7. Jaume, St. Hil. fasc. 42. t. t. Gen- 

 tiana linearifolia. Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 298. Ciminalis Pneumo- 

 nanthe, Borkh. in Roem. arch. 1. p. 26. Schmidel. op. gesn. 

 2. p. 50. t. 28. f. 91. Barrel, icon. t. 51. f. 2. t. 52. f. 1-2. 

 and t. 122. f. 1. Gentiana Calathiana, Bauh. hist. 3. p. 524. f. 1. 

 Root fibrous. Stems simple, tetragonal. Corolla deep blue, 

 having the accessory segments small and green. At Barnaoul 

 a tall, large-flowered, broad-leaved variety occurs. 



Var. ft; dwarf; leaves broader. If.. H. Lam. diet. 2. p. 638. 

 Schmidel. in op. gesn. 2. p. 50. t. 26. f. 90. Barrel, icon, 

 p. 51. right-hand figure. 



Var.y; leaves ovate, obtuse ; stems Ij foot high. Tf.. H. 

 Froel. gent. 44. 



far. c; stem usually 1-flowered. I/. H. Schmidel, op. gesn. 

 1. c. t. 28. f. 91. 



Var. t; corollas white. If.. H. Froel. gent. p. 44. 

 C c 



