198 



GENTIANE^E. XXII. ORTHOSTEMON. XXIII. CHLORA. XXIV. HIPPION. XXV. CANSCORA. 



tops ; corolla 4 times higher than the calyx. Tj . S. Native 

 of Brazil. Calyx of a yellow straw colour. 



Mountain Prepusa. Shrub 8-10 feet. 



Cult. See Tachia, p. 197, for culture and propagation. 



XXII. ORTHOSTFMON (fromopSoe, ortkos, straight; and 

 ffDj/iwv, stemon, a stamen ; stamens equal.) R. Br. prod. p. 

 451. 



LIN. SYST. Tetrandria, Digynia. Calyx tubular, 4-toothed. 

 Corolla with a short, 4-parted limb, and a naked throat, mar- 

 cescent. Stamens equal, exsertedj anthers dehiscing length- 

 wise, rnutic at top, straight in the aged state. Stigmas 2, 

 roundish. A flaccid herb ; with broadish leaves, and terminal 

 flowers. This is an intermediate genus between Canscora, Lam. 

 the Centaurium, Borkh, and Erythrce'a, but differs from them, in 

 the limb of the corolla, and equal stamens, and in the anthers 

 being straight, and the flowers being tetramerous. 



1 O. ERE'CTUM (R. Br. 1. c ) stem straight ; leaves broad- 

 ovate, 3-nerved ; lower ones petiolate ; peduncles sub-corym- 

 bose ; teeth of calyx hardly exceeding the tube of the corolla. 

 ? S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. E'xacum 

 erectum, Roth, ex Spreng. syst. 1. p. 425. Habit of Pladera 

 virgata. 



Erect Orthostemon. PI. 



Cult. For culture and propagation see Canscora, p. 199. 



XXIII. CHLO'RA (from x\upoc, chloros, pale ; because the 

 flowers are of a pale yellow colour.) Renealm, specim. p. 80. 

 t. 76. Schreb. gen. p. 653. Juss. gen. 142. Adans. fam. p. 

 503. Lam. ill. t. 296. Rchb. icon. 3. t. 206-209. and 5. p. 

 412. Blackstonia, Huds. angl. ed. 1st. p. 146. 



LIN. SYST. Octdndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 8 narrow, 

 spreading segments, rarely of 6. Corolla salver-shaped : tube 

 shorter than the calyx, inclosing the ovarium ; limb of 8, rarely 

 of 6 deep equal segments. Stamens 8, rarely 6, shorter from the 

 mouth of the tube; anthers linear, erect. Style erect, filiform ; 

 stigmas 2, cloven, ovate-oblong. Capsule ovate, with a furrow 

 along each side, invested with the large membranous tube of the 

 corolla, 1 -celled, 2-valved; with inflexed edges. Seeds nume- 

 rous, angular, minutely granulated, inserted in many rows along 

 the inflexed margins of the valves. Herbaceous, annual, smooth, 

 glaucous, very bitter plants. Leaves opposite, sessile, or perfoliate, 

 entire. Flowers terminal, stalked, aggregate or solitary, yellow. 



1 C. PERFOLIA'TA (Lin. syst. 361.) glaucous; leaves perfo- 

 liate ; stem dichotomous, cylindrical ; flowers corymbose, with a 

 flower in each fork. O- H. Native of Europe, in many places ; 

 in Britain, in chalky pastures or banks, and limestone and clay 

 soils. Smith, engl. bot. t. 60. Hook. fl. lond. t. 2. Gen- 

 tiana perfoliata, Lin. spec. 335. Sabbat, hort. t. 100. Mor. 

 hist. 2. p. 565. sect. 5. t. 26. f. 1-2. Bauh. hist. 3. p. 355, with 

 a figure. Park, theatr. 273. 7. f. 272. 7. Column, ecphr. 2. 

 p. 78. Cam. epit. p. 427. Root leaves oval, sessile, rosulate, 

 the lower stem ones oval-lanceolate, the rest perfoliate. Flowers 

 in a corymb of 2 forks, with a pedicillate flower in each fork. 

 Calycine segments 8-10. Corolla golden yellow ; segments 

 sometimes 9, slightly emarginate. Stamens 6-9-10. Stigmas 

 2, shaped like a horse-shoe. Haller affirms that this plant is 

 more bitter than the Erythrce'a Centaurium, and that it seems to 

 possess the same qualities. 



Perfoliate-\eaved, or Common Yellow- Wort. Fl. July, Au<*. 

 Britain. PI. to 3 feet. 



2 C. IMPERFOLIA'TA (Lin. syst. 362. suppl. 218.) green; 

 stem simple, tetragonal ; leaves sessile, somewhat stem-clasping, 

 ovate, acute ; flowers terminal ; calyx bifid beyond the middle, 

 bell-shaped, length of the tube of the corolla ; limb of corolla 6- 

 cleft. Q. H. Native of the extreme parts of Italy, Chi. 



12 



diibia, Lam. ill. t. 296. f. 2. Segments of corolla oval. Anthers 

 roundish beyond the tube. Stigmas 2, obtuse. Corolla deep 

 yellow. 



Imperfvliate-\eaved Yellow-wort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. 

 PI. 1 foot. 



3 C. QUADRIFOLIA (Lin. syst. 362.) stem simple, slightly 

 tetragonal, jointed ; leaves linear, 4 in a whorl, a little 

 broader towards the ends, bluntish, length of internodes ; flowers 

 8-cleft. O- H. Native of the south of Europe, where it was 

 found by Alstrcemer. Peduncles terminal, 5 together, each 

 having 2 small, opposite, bracteas in the middle, and at the top 3 

 pedicellate flowers. Corolla yellow. Segments of corolla nar- 

 rower than in Chlbra perfoliata. Said to be a hybrid between 

 Chlbra perfoliala and Llnum quadriJoHuni. 



Four-leaved Yellow-wort. PI. 1 foot. 



Cult. All the species are beautiful, and may be easily propa- 

 gated from seeds, and require only common care in the cultiva- 

 tion. They do not seem to thrive in the open border, although 

 they succeed very well in pots. 



XXIV. HI'PPION (tjrTroe, hippos, a horse ; and iov, ion, a 

 violet; horse violet.) Spreng. syst. 1. p. 505. gen. 1. p. 143. 

 (1824.) E'xacum species, Smith. Gentiana species, Plum. 

 icon. t. 24. 



LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx campanulate, 

 viscid, 5-cleft ; segments blunt, with membranous edges. Co- 

 rolla salver-shaped ; tube twice as long as the calyx, swelling at 

 the base, and becoming ovate, where it is filled with the increasing 

 ovarium, contracted at the orifice ; limb 5-cleft, spreading, length 

 of tube; segments obovate. Stamens 5, exserted, half as long as 

 the border ; filaments inserted in the orifice of the tube, leaning 

 to the upper side of the flower, incurved at the apex ; anthers 

 incumbent, bifid at the base, remaining unchanged . Style declinate, 

 glabrous. Stigma capitate, slightly cloven. An erect, shrubby, gla- 

 brous, branched plant. Stem terete ; branches slightly quad- 

 rangular. Leaves opposite, decussate, 5-nerved, reticulated, 

 with veins, green, sessile, dilated into a cordate base. Pani- 

 cles terminal, erect, trichotomously divided, many -flowered ; 

 pedicels terete, 1 -flowered. Bracteas 2, at each division of the 

 panicle, as well as 2 under each flower, formed like the leaves, 

 but smaller, nerved. Flowers of an elegant golden colour, 

 slightly drooping, of the size of those of Chlora perfoliata. 

 Calyx and corolla clammy. 



1 H. VISCOSUM (Spreng. syst, 1. p. 589.) $ . G. Native of 

 the Canary Islands. E'xacum visco-um, Smith, icon. rar. t. 18. 

 Gentiana viscosa, Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 321. Sims. bot. mag. 2135. 



Clammy Hippion. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1781. PI. 1-2 feet. 



Cult. This plant grows well in a mixture of peat and sand, 

 and a very little loam. It is only to be increased by seeds, 

 which ripen plentifully in our gardens. 



XXV. CANSCO'RA (Kansjan-cora is the Malabar name of 

 C '. perfoliata.) Lam. diet. 1. p. 601. Pladera, Solander, mss. 

 Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 416. Hook. bot. misc. 3. p. 89. Spreng. 

 gen. 1. p. 84. Centaurum, Borkh. in Rcem. arch. 1. p. 28. 

 Hoppea, Willcl. Hayne, term. t. 30. f. 3. 



LIN. SYST. Tetrandria, Monogynia. Calyx tubular, cylin- 

 drical or quadrangular, 4-toothed, with a contracted mouth. 

 Corolla funnel-shaped, with a 4-cleft, unequal limb ; the 2 

 upper segments equal, 2 lower ones combined a greater distance. 

 Stamens 4 ; the 3 longest inserted in the mouth of the tube, 

 the fourth just below the recess which separates the 2 lower 

 segments. Filaments capillary. Anthers remaining unchanged, 

 oblong, linear, erect. Style filiform ; stigma 2-lobed : lobes 

 obovate, revolute, minutely papillose above. Capsule cylindri- 



