234 



PEDALINE^E. I. SESAMUM. II. MARTYNIA. 



I. SE'SAMUM (from "Z^aafiov, Sesamon, of Theophrastus 

 and Dioscorides ; from Sempsen, the ./Egyptian name of one of 

 the species.) Lin. gen. no. 782. Schreb. gen. no. 1048. 

 Gsertn. fruct. 2. p. 132. t. 110. Suss. gen. 138. Lam. ill. t. 528. 

 Digitalis species, Tourn. 



LIN. SYST. Didynamia, Angiosperma. Calyx 5-parted ; the 

 upper segment the smallest. Corolla with a short tube, and a 

 campanulate throat ; limb quinquefid, somewhat bilabiate ; the 

 lower segment the longest. Stamens 4, didynamous, inclosed, 

 with the rudiment of a fifth sterile one. Stigma bilamellate. 

 Capsule oblong, compressedly tetragonal, 4-celled, 2-valved; 

 dissepiment contrary to the valves, bipartible. Seeds numerous, 

 disposed in one series, somewhat imbricated, ovate, a little com- 

 pressed, wingless, erect. Annual herbs, with opposite and alter- 

 nate leaves. Flowers axillary, solitary. Peduncles biglandular ; 

 glands bracteate. Corollas white, pale red or yellow. 



1 S. TNDICUM (Lin. spec. 884.) downy ; lower leaves ovate, 

 3-lobed : superior ones lanceolate, undivided ; stem erect, 

 branched. Q. S. Native of the East Indies, common. Sims, 

 bot. mag. 1788. S. trifoliatum, Mill. diet. no. 3. Kumph. 

 amb. 5. t. 204. t. 76. f. 1. Pluk. phyt. t. 109. f. 4. Stem 

 scabrous. Leaves on long petioles, downy on both surfaces, glau- 

 cous beneath. Flowers white, tinged with red. In the plant 

 found by Martius in Brazil, the rudiment of a fifth filament is 

 wanting. This species was first introduced to Jamaica by the 

 Jews, and is now cultivated in the West Indies. It is called 

 Fanglo, or oil plant. The seeds are frequently used in broth, by 

 many of the Europeans ; but the Jews make them chiefly into 

 cakes. Many of the Oriental nations look upon the seeds as a 

 very wholesome food, and express an oil from them, not 

 unlike, or inferior to, the oil of almonds. A decoction of the 

 leaves and buds, is looked upon as a good resolutive, and fre- 

 quently ordered in inflammations of the eyes, where warm 

 fomentations become requisite. 



Far. /3, rbsea (Blum, bijdr. 778.) flowers rose-coloured. 0. 

 H. Native of Java, on the mountains. 



Indian Oily-grain, or Oil-seed. Fl. July. Clt. 1731. PI. 

 1| to 2 feet. 



2 S. ORIENTA'LE (Lin. spec. 883.) leaves ovate-oblong, entire. 

 0. S. Native of the East Indies, and is now cultivated in 

 South America. Lin. hort. cliff. 318. fl. zeyl. 318. Willd. spec. 

 3. p. 358. Gasrtn. fruct. 2. p. 132. t. 110. Thunb. jap. 254. 

 Lour. coch. 382. S. veterum, Bauh. pin. 27. Riv. mon. t. 

 114. Burm. zeyl. 87. t. 38. f. 1. Schit-elu, Rheed. mal. 9. p. 

 105. t. 54. Corolla dirty white, or pale red. Plant rather 

 hairy. This species is frequently cultivated in the Levant, and 

 also in Africa, as a pulse ; the seeds have been introduced into 

 Carolina, by the African negroes. An oil is expressed from 

 them, which will keep many years, without acquiring any rancid 

 smell or taste, but in two years becomes quite mild, so that, 

 when the warm taste of the seed which is in the oil when first 

 drawn is worn off, it is used as a salad oil, and for all the 

 purposes of sweet oil. They are also used by the negroes 

 for food ; they parch them over the fire, then mix them with 

 water, and stew other ingredients with them. A pudding is 

 made from them in the same manner as from millet or rice, 

 called Benny, or Bonny, in Carolina. In Japan, where they 

 have no butter, they use the oil for frying fish, and in dressing 

 other dishes ; as a varnish ; and medicinally, as a resolvent and 

 emollient. In China and Cochinchina, they are used for the same 

 purposes. 



Eastern Oily-grain, or Oil-seed. Fl. July. Clt. 1731. PI. 

 1 1 to 2 feet. 



3 S. LU'TEUM (Retz. obs. 6. p. 31. no. 56.) leaves lanceolate, 

 on long petioles ; corollas hispid on the outside. . S. Native 

 of the East Indies, in forests, at Nidrapur. Stem a little 



branched. Leaves alternate, having the margins and nerves 

 beneath scattered with short hairs. Calyx and capsule hispid. 

 Corolla deep yellow. 



Yellow-fiowered Oil-seed. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 



4 S. RADIA'TUM (Schum. pi. guin. p. 274.) hairy ; leaves 

 usually 3 in a whorl, on short petioles : lower ones roundish- 

 ovate, deeply toothed : upper ones ovate-oblong, quite entire ; 

 bracteas setaceous, solitary. Q. S. Native of Guinea. Stem 

 slightly tetragonal. Flowers purple. 



Radiate Oil-seed. PI. 4 feet. 



5 S. LACINIA'TUM (Klein, Willd. spec. 2. p. 359.) leaves all 

 bipartite and jagged ; stem prostrate, hispid. S. Native 

 of the East Indies, near Hydrabad. Branches ascending at top. 

 Leaves on short petioles, scabrous on both surfaces. Margins 

 of the teeth of the calyx hispid. Capsule obtuse at both ends. 

 Sesamum prostratum, Retz. obs. 4. p. 28, is a very doubtful 

 plant, or probably a synonyme of Torenia Asidtica. 



Jagged-\eaved Indian Oil-seed. PI. prostrate. 



Cult. The species of Sesamum are grown in our gardens 

 only as botanical curiosities. The seeds of them require to be 

 reared on a hot-bed frame in early spring, and otherwise treated 

 like other tender annuals, by planting them out in the open 

 border, in a warm, sheltered situation, about the end of May. 



II. MARTY'NIA (so named by Houston, in honour of John 

 Martyn, F.R.S., professor of botany at Cambridge ; author of 

 Historia Plantarum variarum, and several other works ; editor 

 of Virgil's Georgics and Eclogues, born Sept. 1699, died 1768.) 

 Houston, rel. t. 10. Lin. gen. no. 753. Schreb. gen.no. 1010. 

 Mart. t. 42. Juss. gen. 140. ed. Usteri, 156. Gaertn. fruct. 

 2. p. 131. t. 110. Glox. obs. t. 1-2. Proboscidea, Juss. 

 Schmidel. icon. t. 12. 



LIN. SYST. Didynamia, Angiosperma. Calyx 5-cleft, nearly 

 equal, bracteate at the base. Corolla sub-campanulate ; limb 5- 

 lobed, unequal. Stamens 4, didynamous, 2 of them sometimes 

 sterile, with always the rudiment of a fifth. Stigma bilamellate. 

 Drupe or capsule oblong, bicornute at apex ; the anterior horn 

 sulcately toothed, containing a 4-celled, woody nut ; cells few- 

 seeded. Seeds ovate, a little compressed, wingless, pendulous.? 

 Radicle superior. Herbs with opposite, rarely alternate leaves. 

 Flowers spicate, axillary and terminal. 



1 M. A'NNUA (Lin. syst. 559. spec. 862. Swartz, obs. 230.) 

 stem branched ; leaves alternate, lobed, cordate at the base ; 

 stamens 4, all fertile. Q. H. Native of Mexico, in high 

 plains; and on the banks of the Mississippi. Sabb. hort. t. 91. 

 Gaertn. fruct. 2. p. 131. t. 110. M. proboscidea, Glox. in obs. 

 p. 14. Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 339. Mill. diet. t. 286. Sims, 

 bot. mag. 1056. M. alternifolia, Lam. diet. 2. p. 112. Pro- 

 boscidea Jussieuii, Schmidt, icon. 49. t. 12-13. Med. boh. 

 beob. 1783. p. 20. M. Louisiana, Mill. diet. no. 3. This is a 

 large annual, villous, viscid plant. Corollas with a yellowish 

 white tube, variegated with green, yellow, and violet spots and 

 lines; limb wide, pale violet, marked with saffron -coloured and 

 violet dots and lines. The lobes of stigma close when touched, 

 according to Turra. 



Far. |3, trihba ; leaves oblong-deltoid, irregularly cordate at 

 the base, 3-lobed: middle lobe long, sinuated, undulated, and 

 finely denticulated. 0. H. Native near Vera Cruz. M. triloba, 

 Cham, et Schlecht. in Linncea, 5. p. 121. Smaller than the species. 



Annual Martynia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1738. PI. 1 to 2 

 feet. 



2 M. LONGIFLORA (Lin. syst. p. 559.) stem simple; leaves 

 opposite, roundish, repand ; flowers axillary, solitary, on short 

 pedicels ; tube of corolla gibbously flattened at the base ; sta- 

 mens 4, all fertile. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. 

 Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 339. Meerb. icon. 7. Willd. spec. 3. p. 



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