CONVOLVULACE.E. XVI. CONVOLVULUS. 



289 



Native country unknown. Stem quadrangular. Young leaves 

 hoary : adult ones with a few adpressed hairs, as well as the 

 calyx. Bracteas linear under the calyx. Corolla red. 



marginate-\obed Bind-weed. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1817. 

 PI. tw. 



60 C. BICUSPIDA'TUS (Fischer, ex Link, enum. p. 201.) leaves 

 hastate: hind lobes bicuspidate; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered; 

 calycine segments obtuse, emarginate, somewhat apiculated. y. . 

 ^. H. Native of Dauria. Stem glabrous, quadrangular. Leaves 

 with a lanceolate middle lobe, and recurved hind or lateral 

 ones, scabrous on the margins. Peduncles longer than the 

 leaves, bearing a linear bractea above the middle. Calyx gla- 

 brous. Corolla red. 



Bicuspidate-lobed Bind-weed. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. 

 PI. tw. 



61 C. AURICULA'TUS (Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 540. exclusive 

 of the synonymes) ; leaves linear-hastate, acuminated : hind 

 lobes entire ; peduncles 2-flowered. I/ . / ~\ S. Native of the 

 Isle of France. Pers. ench. 1. p. 177. Nearly allied to C. 

 arvensis, and probably only a variety of it ; but differs from the 

 common form of that species, in the leaves being narrower, 

 more oblong, in the peduncles being 2-flowered, nearly the 

 length of the leaves, and in the bracteas being nearer the calyx. 

 Root creeping. ? 



Aurickd-\ta\-e& Bind-weed. PI. tw. 



62 C. CORSICUS (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 256.) leaves 

 ovate-hastate, rounded at the apex, somewhat emarginate: hind 

 lobes obtuse, l/.^.H. Native of Corsica. Nearly allied to 

 some varieties of C. arcensis ; but differs in the shorter petioles, 

 broader leaves, shorter, thicker peduncles. Superior leaves 

 smaller, and sessile. Probably only a variety of C. arcensis. 



Corsican Bind-weed. PI. tw. 



63 C. IXCARXA'IUS (Vahl, eclog. amer. 2. p. 12.) leaves sagit- 

 tate-oblong, acuminated, glabrous : hind lobes divaricate, acute, 

 entire; peduncles 1 -flowered, longer than the petioles; bracteas 

 at the base of the peduncle ; sepals lanceolate, acute. If. . / ^. S. 

 Native of Curacoa. It differs from C. arrentis, to which it is 

 nearly allied, in the hind lobes of the leaves being ovate, acute ; 

 in the bracteas being at the base of the peduncles ; in the 

 flowers being larger, &c. Corolla large, purple, campanulate. 



F/esh-colouretl-fiowered Bind-weed. PI. tw. 



64 C. MECIIOACA'NNA (Willd. anleit. selb. p. 93.) leaves 

 ovate and lobed, hastate; peduncles thick, 1-flowered. If. . r ^. 

 S. Native of Brazil ; and Mechoaca, in New Spain. Root thick, 

 marked under the name of Mechoacanna. Conv. Mechoacan, 

 Vittm. summ. 1. p. 434. Conv. Jetiaucu, Pis. bras, with a 

 figure. Conv. Jatiauca, Gmel. 1. p. 339. with the following de- 

 scription : " Nearly allied to C. septum. Root bifid, brown out- 

 side. Stem many-angled. Leaves cordate-eared, deep green, 

 nerved beneath. Corolla white or pale red, purple inside. 

 Seeds brown.' 



Mickoacan Bind-weed. PI. tw. 



65 C. ATRjpLiciFOLirs (Poir. suppl. 3. p. 467.) bairy ; leaves 

 on short petioles, sagiitate, truncate behind ; peduncles axillary, 

 hairy, very long, forked at top, each fork bearing a flower ; calyx 

 villous : outer sepals the longest, lanceolate, acute, mucronate. 

 I/. ^. H. Native of Syria, La Billardiere. Hairs on stems 

 and peduncles rufescent. Peduncles furnished with 2 subulate 

 bracteas at the fork, and 2 longer ones on each pedicel. Corolla 

 white, twice as long as the calyx. 



Atripltx-leated Bind-weed. PL tw. 



66 C. ACETOSELLjEFOLics (Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 564.) 

 muricated ; leaves hastately 3-lobed : lateral lobes roundish- 

 angular ; peduncles short, usuallv 2-flowered ; sepals short, 

 ovate, bluntish. If. . r *. S. Native of the Isle of France. Conv. 

 lapathifolius, Spreng. syst. 1. p. G04. Glabrous, as in Ipomoe'a 



VOL. IV. 



triloba, to which it is nearly allied in habit. Stems terete, and 

 are, as well as the petioles and peduncles, rough from black 

 acute tubercles. Leaves almost panduriform. Corolla small, 

 campanulate, twice longer than the calyx. 

 Acetosella-leated Bind-weed. PI. tw. 



67 C. INCA'XUS (Vahl, symb. 3. p. 23.) clothed with silky to- 

 mentum ; leaves lanceolate-sagittate, obtuse, a little toothed at 

 the base ; peduncles 2-flowered, length of leaves ; sepals ovate, 

 acute : outer ones villous. % . r ^. S. Native of South Ame- 

 rica. Willd. spec. 1. p. 847. Stems terete. Petioles short. 

 Leaves li inch long ; hind lobes rounded. The longest pedicel 

 bibracteate in the middle. Bracteas setaceous. Corolla villous 

 outside. Capsule glabrous, globose. 



Hoary Bind-weed. PI. tw. 



68 C. HASTA'TBS (Forsk. descr. p. 203.) stem pilose ; leaves 

 lanceolate-hastate ; peduncles axillary, twin, 2-flowered ; sepals 

 acuminated, spreading at apex. "%.. '"X H. Native of Egypt. 

 Vahl, symb. 1. p. 15. Willd. spec. 1. p. 849. Conv. hastifo- 

 lius, Poir. suppl. 3. p. 467. Petioles one-half shorter than the 

 leaves. Leaves 2 inches long, glabrous above and villous be- 

 neath, with rounded auricles, which are sometimes unidentate 

 behind. Peduncles shorter than the petioles, villous. 



ffalbert-leaved Bind-weed. PI. tw. 



69 C. SCAMMONIA (Lin. spec. p. 218. Roy. ludgb. 427.) gla- 

 brous ; stem angular ; leaves cordate-sagittate, truncate behind ; 

 peduncles terete, generally 3 flowered, longer than the leaves ; 

 sepals loose, glabrous, ovate, repand, obtuse, with a reflexed 

 point. If.. ^. H. Native of Syria, Mysia, Cappadocia : 

 and of the Island of Rhodes, in hedges. Mill. fig. t. 102. 

 Plench. off. t. 92. Sibth, et Smith, fl. graec. t. 192. Woodv. 

 med. hot. 1. p. 13. t. 5. Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. 2. t. 173. 

 Conv. Syriacus, and Scammonia Syriaca, Tourn. inst. 83. 

 Morr. hist. 2. p. 12. sect. 1. t. 3. f. 5. Lob. icon. 620. f. 1. Co- 

 rollas large, campanulate, cream-coloured, or very pale red. The 

 roots of Scamraony, which are very long and thick, when fresh 

 contain a milky juice. This is obtained by removing the earth 

 from the upper part of the roots, and cutting off the tops 

 obliquely. The milky juice which flows out is collected in a 

 small vessel sunk in the earth at the lower end of the cut. 

 Each root furnishes only a few drachms ; but the produce of 

 several roots is added together, and dried in the sun. This is 

 the true and unadulterated Scammony. It is light, of a dark 

 grey colour, but becomes of a whitish yellow when touched with 

 the wet finger. It is shining in its fracture, has a peculiar nau- 

 seous smell, and bitter, acrid taste, and forms, with water, a 

 greenish milky fluid. In this state of purity it seldom reaches 

 us, but is commonly mixed with the expressed juice of the root, 

 and even of the stalks and leaves, and often with flour, sand, or 

 earth. The best to be met with in the shops comes from Aleppo, 

 in light, spongy masses, having a heavy, disagreeable smell, and 

 a shining ash-colour, verging to black, friable, and easily pow- 

 dered ; powder of a light grey, or whitish colour. An inferior 

 sort is brought from Smyrna, in more compact, ponderous pieces, 

 with less smell, not so friable, of a darker colour, not so resin - 

 ous and full of sand and other impurities. This last is said to 

 be the produce of Periploca Scammonium, and of the Cynan- 

 cfium A'rgfiil. Resin is the principal constituent of Scamroony. 

 Sixteen ounces of good Aleppo Scammony give eleven ounces of 

 resin, and three ounces and a half of watery extract. Scammony 

 is an efficacious and powerful purgative. It may be given tritu- 

 rated with sugar, or with almonds, and becomes sufficiently safe 

 and mild in its operation. 1 1 may be also given to strengthen 

 other purgatives, in small quantities, as with powdered rhu- 

 barb, &-c. The common dose of Scammony is from 3 to 12 

 grains ; but when mixed with other purgatives, -J to 1 grain is 

 sufficient. 



P P 



