SI 2 



BORAGINEjE. VII. SYMPHYTUM. 



not auriclecl. Q. H. Native of the East Indies. Stem downy, 

 ilichotomously branched, and strigose like the leaves. Pedicels 

 hispid : upper ones longer than the leaves. Calycine segments 

 unequal, pilose. Corolla dark in the dried state, with subulate 

 segments. 



Lilhospermum-like Trichodesma. PI. \\ foot. 



Cult. Plants of the most easy culture. The seeds require 

 to be reared on a hot-bed early in spring; and the plants should 

 be afterwards planted out in the open ground about the end of 

 May, in a warm sheltered situation. 



Tribe II. 



SYMPHY'TEtf:. (This tribe agrees with Symphytum in the 

 characters given.) D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. July, Oct. 

 1832. Corolla tubular, truncate, with very short lobes. Inflo- 

 rescence revolute. Stamens inclosed. Nuts fixed to the bot- 

 tom of the calyx. 



VII. SY'MPHYTUM (from av^vta, symphyo, to make 

 unite ; and <pvrov, phyton, a plant ; in reference to the healing 

 qualities of the plant.) Tourn. inst. t 56. Lin. gen. 185. 

 Schreb. no. 245. Juss. gen. 131. ed. Usteri. p. 142. Gaertn. 

 t'ruct. 1. p. 825. t. 67. f. 4. Lehm. asper. p. 3. and 343. 

 Schkuhr, handb. t. 30. 



LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5 -parted. Co- 

 rolla cylindrically campanulate ; throat furnished with 5 subu- 

 late, vaulted processes, which connive into a cone. Nuts 4, 

 1 -celled, ovate, fixed to the bottom of the calyx, imperforated 

 at the base. Rough, herbaceous plants, with broad leaves and 

 terminal, twin racemes of flowers. 



1. Roots tuberous or fleshy. 



1 S. OFFICINA'US (Lin, spec. p. 195.) stem branched, winged 

 at top ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, attenuated at the base, decur- 

 rent, very scabrous above, and hairy beneath ; racemes twin, 

 nutant, with a flower in the fork ; style length of corolla ; calyx 

 acute, hairy. If.. H. Native throughout Europe and Siberia, 

 frequent in watery places. Smith, engl. bot. t. 817. Oed. fl. 

 dan. t. 664. Curt. fl. lond. fasc. 4. t. 18. Drev. et Hayne, t. 

 36. Plenck, icon. t. 76. Woodv. med. bot. suppl. 10. t. 215. 

 Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 325. t. 67. Sabb. hort. 2. t. 30. Blackw. 

 t. 252. St. Hil. pi. fr. 2. t. 104. Lehm. asper. p. 351. Petiv. 

 brit. t. 29. f. 5. Mor. hist. 3. sect. 11. t. 29. f. 1. Root fleshy, 

 black outside. Stems angularly winged. Corolla yellowish-- 

 white ; segments denticulated. The root of Comfrey abounds 

 in a pure, tasteless mucilage, like that of Marsh Mallow, but 

 according to Lewis more tenacious. Being easily obtained, it 

 therefore may be conveniently substituted for Marsh Mallow, in 

 all cases where emollients or demulcents are in use; as in irrita- 

 tions of the throat, intestines, and, above all, the bladder. 



far. ft, patens (Sibth. oxon. 220.) plant stronger ; flowers 

 bluish-purple, red before expansion, y. . H. Not so common 

 in England as the species, but more so on the Continent, and in 

 Scotland. Symphytum majus fl6re purpureo, Tabern. 559. 

 Plenck. icon. 76. We suspect this to be a distinct species, as 

 the habit is very different from that of the species. 



Officinal Comfrey. Fl. May, Aug. Britain. PI. 2 to 3 

 feet. 



2 S. BOHE'MICUM (Schmidt, boh. no. 211.) leaves ovate-lan- 

 ceolate, alternate, running into the petioles; racemes twin, erect, 

 revolute at the apex ; style exceeding the corolla. % . H. Na- 

 tive of Bohemia. S. officinale, ft. Bohemicum, D. Don, in Sweet, 

 fl. gard. w. s. t. 304. Stem winged. Flowers red, or reddish 

 purple. 



Bohemian Comfrey. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1810. PI. 1 to 

 1 i foot. 



3 S. TUBEROSUM (Lin. spec. 195. Jacq. austr. 3. p. 12. t. 63.) 



stem simple ; leaves ovate-oblong, narrowed at the base : lower 

 ones petiolate : floral ones opposite, sessile, hardly decurrent ; 

 segments of the limb of corolla very short, obtuse. 7.H. 

 Native of Germany, Austria, France, Spain, and Italy. It has 

 been observed in several parts of Scotland, about the Water of 

 Leith ; and at Norlh Marchiston, near Edinburgh. Jacq. fl. 

 austr. t. 225. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1502. Sabb. hort. 2. t. 31. 

 Lehm. asper. 2. p. 345. Morr. hist. 3. sect. 11. t. 29. f. 2. 

 S. majus, radice tuberosa. Root whitish, composed of many 

 thick knobs or tubers. Plant not so stiff and hairy as C. offici- 

 nale. The following description is given by Schimper of S. 

 tuberosum to distinguish it from S. Zeyclieri and S. bulbbsum : 

 Rhizoma oblique, thickened by scales, furnished with short, pro- 

 tuberant, branchlets ; stem simple ; leaves oblong-ovate, atte- 

 nuated at the base : lower ones petiolate : upper ones approxi- 

 mating by pairs or opposite : floral ones somewhat decurrent ; 

 teeth of calyx linear-lanceolate, shorter than the tube of the co- 

 rolla ; segments of the limb of the corolla very short, reflexed. 

 Style about equal in length to the corolla ; processes of the 

 throat inclosed. 



Tuberous-rooted Comfrey. Fl. May, Oct. Scotland. PI. 

 1 to 2 feet. 



4 S. ZEYCHE'RI (Schimper, in mag. pharm. geiger. Oct. 1829, 

 and Jan. 1830, ex Bull. phil. vol. 21. p. 443.) rhizoma and 

 stolons tuberous ; stem almost simple ; leaves ovate, acute, run- 

 ning into the marginate petioles : floral ones approximate, or op- 

 posite, sessile ; calycine segments linear-lanceolate, shorter than 

 the tube of the corolla ; corolla funnel-shaped ; anthers shorter 

 than the filaments ; segments of the limb of the corolla very 

 broad, erect, 3 times as short as the tube ; processes of the 

 throat much exserted, exceeding the style. H..H. Native of 

 Sicily. 



Zeycher's Comfrey. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 



5 S. BULBOSUM (Schimper, 1. c.) rhizoma and stolons tuber- 

 ous ; stem simple ; leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate, acute, run- 

 ning into the petioles : floral ones approximating by pairs, or 

 opposite, ovate, rounded at the base, half stem -clasping ; caly- 

 cine teeth lanceolate : tube equalling the corolla ; limb of corolla 

 parted to the middle, with ovate, erect segments ; anthers as 

 long as the filaments ; processes of the throat exserted, exceed- 

 ing the style. 7J..H. Native of Heidelberg, Vallais, Scliliecher; 

 Apennines, Meyer. Rchb. icon. t. 209. f. 367. Mert. et 

 Koch. fl. allem. 2. p. 78. Bluff, and Fingash, fl. germ, suppl. 

 2. p. 598. Schimper, bot. zeit. 1825. no. 2. S. filipendula, 

 Bischoff, in bot. zeit. 1826. no. 36. S. Clusii, Gmel. fl. bad. 

 suppl. S. macrolepis, Gay. in Dierbach, in Greger's journ. 

 S. punctatum, Gaud. fl. helv. 



Bulbous-rooted Comfrey. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 



6 S. CORDA'TUM (Waldst. et Kit. pi. hung. 1. p. 6. t. 7.) 

 stem simple ; leaves cordate, acuminated, on long petioles : 

 floral ones ovate-lanceolate, roundish, sessile, nearly opposite ; 

 corolla ventricose, with recurved, obtuse segments. If. . H. 

 Native of Hungary, Transylvania, and Western Iberia, in 

 woods. Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p. 130. Lehm. asp. 2. p. 344. 

 S. Pannonicum, Pers. ench. 1. p. 161. Bess. fl. gal. 1. p. 152. 

 Root tuberous, creeping, brown outside. Stem simple, hairy. 

 Leaves large, hairy. Flowers cream-coloured, disposed in short, 

 terminal, twin racemes. 



CWa<e-leaved Comfrey. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1813. PI. 



1 to 1J foot. 



1. Roots fibrous. 



7 S. ORIENTA'LE (Lin. spec. 195.) stem branched, hairy; 

 leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, petiolate, hairy above, and vil- 

 lous beneath : upper ones narrowed at the base : floral ones op- 

 posite, sessile ; calyx 5-cleft, tubular at the base ; segments of 

 corolla ovate, acute. If.. H. Native of the north of Tauria ; and 



