332 



BORAGINE^E. XXI. ECHIUM. 



15. p. 196 Stem and branches beset with dark purple dots and 

 spreading stiff hairs. Leaves hispid, from strigae, deep green. 

 Spikelets conjugate on the top of the stem and branches, axil- 

 lary. Calyx hispid, with linear almost unequal segments, 

 Corolla white or pale violet, villous outside, with lanceolate, 

 obtuse segments. Style bifid at apex. Nuts beaked. 



Pyrenean Viper's Bugloss. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1815. PI. 

 1| to 2 feet. 



48 E. MARGARITA V CEUM (Lehm. asper. p. 446.) stem herba- 

 ceous, branched, very hispid from bristles ; leaves lanceolate, 

 bristly : bristles rising from large tubercles ; spikelets almost 

 simple, elongated ; stamens about equal in length to the corolla, 

 which is tubular. Q. H. Native of Egypt. E. Rauwolfii 

 Delile, fl. egypt. 1. 19. f. 3. Spikelets usually solitary, rarely con- 

 jugate, very long and very hispid. Calyx hispid, with lanceolate, 

 unequal segments. Corolla rather unequal, white ; pilose outside. 



Pearl Viper's Bugloss. PI. \\ to 2 feet. 



49 E. MENZIE'SII (Lehm. pug. 2. p. 29.) stem herbaceous, 

 erect, beset with retrograde strigae ; leaves sessile, acute, very 

 hispid : lower ones narrow-lanceolate : superior ones ovate-lan- 

 ceolate ; racemes many-flowered, imbricate, hispid ; stamens 

 much shorter than the corolla, which is small and somewhat 

 tubular. $ . H. Native of the North-west coast of America. 

 Stems herbaceous, erect, angular, Ij foot, branched. Leaves 

 obscurely 3-nerved. Racemes secund, simple, terminal, bract- 

 less. Calyx very hispid, with equal linear segments. Corolla 

 glabrous, yellowish ; having 3 of its lobes twice the breadth of 

 the rest. Nuts ovate, .trigonal, wrinkled. 



Menzies's Bugloss. PI. 1-J- foot. 



50 E. FLAVuM (Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 164. t. 45.) stem herbace- 

 ous, simple ; leaves lanceolate, very hairy ; raceme terminal, 

 spike-formed ; spikelets simple, dense ; corolla almost regular ; 

 stamens exserted. $ . H. Native of Atlas, near Tlemsen. 

 Lehm. asper. p. 447. The whole plant is covered with nume- 

 rous yellowish hairs. Racemes very numerous, axillary, twisted 

 into a spire, but erect while in fruit. Calycine segments subu- 

 late. Corolla yellow ; tube slender, arched ; limb obtuse. 

 Stigmas bifid. 



Yellorv-fiov/eieA Viper's Bugloss. PI. 1 to 2 feet ? 



51 E. PUSTULA'TUM (Sibth. et Smith, prod. fl. graec. l.p. 125. 

 fl. grsec. t. 180.) stem herbaceous, nearly simple, tubercularly 

 hispid, as well as the leaves ; leaves linear-oblong, repand ; 

 spikelets simple, spreading ; stamens about equal in length to 

 the corolla, which is irregular. $ . H. Native of Sicily. 

 Lehm. asper. p. 448. Hairs or strigae very long, shining, rising 

 from large white tubercles, giving the plant a canescent appear- 

 ance. Tubercles on the stem blackish. Root fusiform. Calyx 

 hispid, with nearly equal linear segments. Corolla large, sub-bi- 

 labiate, blue, or violaceous, before expansion red, marked with 

 pilose lines outside. Style bifid at apex. 



Pustulate Viper's Bugloss. PI. 1 to 1| foot. 



52 E. VULGA RE (Lin. spec. p. 200. fl. suec. ed. 2d. no. 1C8.) 

 stem herbaceous, usually simple, strigose ; leaves linear-lanceo- 

 late, hispid ; raceme terminal, spike-formed, very long, composed 

 of spreading simple spikelets ; corolla irregular ; stamens ex- 

 serted. $ . H. Native throughout Europe to Caucasus ; also 

 of North America, by way sides, and in waste fields and places; 

 plentiful in some parts of Britain. Scop. fl. earn. ed. 2d. 1. p. 

 129. All. ped. no. 181. Mcench, meth. p. 422. Vill. dauph. 

 2. p. 448. Sut. fl. helv. 1. p. 108. Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p. 135. 

 Bess. fl. gall. 1. p. 154. Smith, prod. fl. graec. 1. p. 125. engl. 

 hot. t. 181. Oed. fl. dan. t. 445. Sturm, fl. germ. fasc. 18. with 

 a figure. Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 130. Blackw. t. 299. 

 Mor. hist. 3. sect. 11. t. 27. f. 1. Riv. tab. t. 7. f. 2. Sabb. 

 rom. 2. t. 96. and a monstrous variety, t. 97. Root branched. 

 Stems many from the same root, covered with black tubercles, 



furnished with axillary spikelets from the middle to the top, the 

 whole forming a very long raceme. Radical leaves rosulate, 

 obtuse. Calyx hispid, with unequal segments. Corolla downy 

 outside, fine purple before expansion, afterwards of a violet blue 

 colour. Style bifid at apex. Nuts wrinkled, tubercled. 



Var. /3. stem branched from the base, spreading, and often 

 decumbent ; stamens longer. $ . H. Native of Britain. E. 

 vulgare, /3, Smith, fl. brit. 1. c. E. violaceum, Schmidt, fl. 

 bohem. no. 203. p. 3. 



Var. y. albtflorum (Roth, 1. c. and others.) flowers white. 



Common Viper's Bugloss. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. PI. 2 

 to 4 feet. 



53 E. TUBERCULATUM (Hoffm. et Link, fl. port. 1. p. 183.) 

 stem herbaceous, simple, upright, tubercularly hispid, as well as 

 the leaves ; leaves lanceolate-linear, with revolute margins ; 

 spikelets simple, erect, strict ; stamens about equal in length to 

 the corolla, which is irregular. I/ ?. $ . H. Native of Portu- 

 gal ; by way sides, particularly about Lisbon and Coimbra. 

 Root branched. Superior leaves sessile, 1-3 inches long, and 

 3-4 lines broad. Spikelets axillary and terminal, dense, pedun- 

 culate. Calyx very hispid, with linear segments. Corolla blue, 

 pilose outside. Style bifid at top. 



Tubercular Viper's Bugloss. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 

 H to 2 feet. 



54 E. LUSITA'NICUM (Royen, lugdb. p. 407. Lin. spec. p. 

 200.) stems herbaceous, simple, hairy; leaves lanceolate, attenu- 

 ated at the base, acute, rather villous ; spikelets simple, alternate, 

 erectly spreading ; corolla nearly equal ; stamens exserted, 2 of 

 which are very long. If.. H. Native of Portugal, in sandy 

 places. Lehm. asper. 450. Willd. spec. 1. p. 789. Pers. ench. 

 1. p. 164. Mill. diet. no. 4. E. Italicum, Brot. fl. his. 1. 

 p. 290. Hoff'rn. et Link, fl. port. 1. p. 185. Root branched. 

 Stems many from the same root. Radical leaves rosulate, canes- 

 cent, 1 foot long, and 2 inches broad, on short petioles : cauline 

 ones sessile, gradually narrower and shorter. Spikelets simple, 

 numerous, pedunculate, axillary, covering the stem almost from 

 the base to the top. Peduncles arid calyxes strigosely hispid, 

 the hairs rising from blackish tubercles. Calycine segments 

 equal, lanceolate, acuminated. Corolla funnel-shaped, pilose 

 outside ; limb blue, painted with violet lines, bluntish. Style 

 bifid at apex. 



Portugal Viper's Bugloss. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1731. PI. 

 2 to 3 feet. 



55 E. VIOLA'CEUM (Lin. mant. p. 42.) stem herbaceous, 

 branched ; lower leaves oblong : upper ones lanceolate, cordate 

 at the base, stem-clasping, hispid from strigae ; spikelets simple, 

 elongated ; stamens about equal in length to the corolla, which 

 is irregular. O- H. Native of the South of Germany, Spain, 

 France, Italy, Transylvania, and in the South of Tauria, &c. 

 Retz. obs. fasc. 2. p. 9. Willd. spec. 1. p. 788. Bieb. fl. cauc. 

 1. p. 422. D. C. syn. fl. fr. p. no. 2709. Bess. fl. gal. 1. p. 154. 

 Baumg. fl. trans. 1. p. 131. Lapeyr. abr. p. 91. E, Creticum, 

 Lam. ill. no. 1857. Lapeyr. abr. p. 91. Root fusiform. Stem 

 hispid, from strigae. Lower leaves obtuse, tapering into the 

 petioles at the base : cauline ones acuminated. Calyx pilose, 

 with unequal, narrow-lanceolate, ciliated, spreading segments. 

 Corollas large, violet or pale blue, striated, beset with scattered 

 hairs. Style bifid at apex. 



Fio/aceous-flowered Viper's Bugloss. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 

 1658. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 



56 E. ORIENTA'LE (Lin. hort. cliff, p. 43. spec. 200.) stem 

 herbaceous, branched ; branches ascending, pyramidal : leaves 

 oblong-lanceolate: uppermost ones cordate, ovate, soft on both 

 surfaces from dense pili ; stamens shorter than the corolla, 

 which is large. $ . H. Native of the Levant. Willd. spec. 1 . 

 p. 789. Lam. ill. p. 413. no. 1859. E'chium orientale, Vesbas- 



